{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-24T06:47:59.307Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"damages","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"core","evidence":"","year":"","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":16,"coverage":{"cases":16,"countries":7,"languages":7,"unknownLocation":5,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":4,"lawsuits":9,"regulatory":1,"minors":2,"coreRelations":16,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2025-beijing-internet-court-short-drama-maker-used-ai-face-swap-resembling-well-known-actress-portrait-infringement","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'2025年4月，有网友质疑一部网络短剧疑似把演员AI换脸成知名女演员' ... '大量网友误认为' ... '参演了该剧，相关话题在多个社交平台引发讨论。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In April 2025 internet users questioned whether an online short drama had used AI face-swapping to make a performer look like a well-known actress, and many believed she had appeared in it.","causal_attribution":"Report drawing on Beijing Daily."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'法院认定，短剧制作方A公司擅自使用深度合成技术生成与某知名演员高度相似的形象，侵害其肖像权；短剧播出方B公司未尽合理审查义务，同样承担相应责任。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'法院认定，短剧制作方擅自使用深度合成技术生成与某演员高度相似的形象，侵害其肖像权；短剧播出方未尽合理审查义务，同样承担相应责任。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 20 March 2026 the Beijing Internet Court announced that the production company had used deep-synthesis technology without permission to generate a likeness highly similar to the actress, infringing her portrait rights, and that the broadcaster had failed its duty of reasonable review.","causal_attribution":"The court's notice as reported; a court finding."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'法庭上，A公司辩称，涉案形象系通过AI生成，未输入与原告相关指令，也难以预见生成形象会与原告产生关联。' ... '法院查明，涉案短剧共44集、总时长约90分钟，其中两个片段使用AI换脸技术，换脸后的演员面部与原告外貌具有一定相似度。' ... 'A公司虽提交创作过程说明，但未能按法庭要求复现换脸过程，其证据未被采信。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court found that two segments of the 44-episode, roughly 90-minute drama used AI face-swapping; the maker argued the image was AI-generated without any prompt relating to the actress but could not reproduce the face-swap process in court.","causal_attribution":"Court findings and the maker's argument as reported."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'最终，法院判决A公司、B公司分别在其运营的涉案视频账号向原告发布书面致歉声明并赔偿经济损失。双方均未上诉，一审判决已生效。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'要求其公开致歉并赔偿经济损失。双方均未上诉，判决现已生效。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The court ordered the production company and the broadcaster to post written apologies on their video accounts and pay economic damages; neither appealed and the judgment took effect.","causal_attribution":"The judgment as reported by two outlets relaying the court notice."}],"effects":[{"label":"well-known actress's likeness generated by AI face-swap in a commercial short drama without permission","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://finance.sina.com.cn/wm/2026-03-20/doc-inhrrzus0628987.shtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-10-24 (HTTP 200); quoted passages are kept in Chinese and the English sense was rendered by the research agent (an AI), not a human translator. Sina Finance report credited to Beijing Daily and earlier reporting, 20 March 2026.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-notice-20-mar-2026"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://news.bjd.com.cn/2026/03/20/90079784.shtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-10-24 (HTTP 200); quoted passages are kept in Chinese and the English sense was rendered by the research agent (an AI), not a human translator. Beijing Daily report of the court's 20 March 2026 notice; the captured page carries only the lead paragraph.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-notice-20-mar-2026"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.jiemian.com/article/14185974.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-10-24 (HTTP 200); quoted passages are kept in Chinese and the English sense was rendered by the research agent (an AI), not a human translator. Jiemian page of 31 March 2026 carrying a Yule Ziben Lun column on the case and the companies involved.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-notice-20-mar-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","justice"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used.","The amount of economic damages awarded.","When the drama was released and how many people saw it."],"geography":{"basis":"The drama was distributed on Chinese social and video platforms and the case was decided by the Beijing Internet Court (Sina, BJD). The actress's country is not stated in the sources and is left empty.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":["CN"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): the Beijing Internet Court found that a short-drama maker used AI face-swap (deep-synthesis) technology to generate an identifiable likeness of a well-known actress without permission and held it and the broadcaster liable for infringing her portrait rights; the maker itself said the image was AI-generated.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-24"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Beijing Internet Court, as reported by Beijing Daily and Sina Finance, found that two segments of the short drama used AI face-swap technology and that the production company used deep-synthesis technology to generate a likeness highly similar to the actress; the company itself told the court the image was AI-generated. The generated face depicts the actress (depicted_or_impersonated) and is the infringement the court found. No tool is named.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Beijing Internet Court finds a short-drama maker used AI face-swapping to give a performer a well-known actress's likeness, infringing her portrait rights","summary":"On 20 March 2026 the Beijing Internet Court announced a portrait-rights judgment over an online short drama in which, it found, the production company used deep-synthesis (AI face-swap) technology to generate an image highly similar to a well-known actress, according to Beijing Daily and a Sina Finance report drawing on it. In April 2025 internet users had questioned whether the drama had face-swapped a performer into the actress, and many believed she had appeared in it. The court found that two segments of the 44-episode, roughly 90-minute drama used AI face-swapping and that the face resembled the actress closely enough for the public to identify her. The maker argued that the image was generated by AI without any prompt relating to her and could not reproduce its process in court. The court held the maker liable for portrait-rights infringement and the broadcaster liable for failing to review the content, and ordered both to post written apologies on their video accounts and pay economic damages; neither appealed. The amount is not reported in the sources read.","incidentDate":"2025-04-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-03-20","aiSystem":"Deep-synthesis (AI face-swap) technology used by the production company in two segments of an online short drama, as found by the court (tool not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The Beijing Internet Court found that a short-drama maker used AI face-swapping to generate a well-known actress's identifiable likeness without permission, infringing her portrait rights; many viewers believed she had appeared in the drama.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the actress whose portrait rights the court found infringed. Viewers who believed she appeared are an audience and are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://finance.sina.com.cn/wm/2026-03-20/doc-inhrrzus0628987.shtml","primarySourceLabel":"Sina Finance (from Beijing Daily), 20 March 2026: court rules on AI face-swap of a well-known actress in a short drama","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-24T03:17:28.483888+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-24T03:17:28.483888+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-face-swap","deep-synthesis","short-drama","portrait-rights","court-ruling","china","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-guangzhou-court-treble-damages-clothing-shop-ai-generated-product-photos-misled-online-buyer","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"通过某购物平台向某服装公司经营的店铺购买两件女士上衣，共支付411元。 ... 商家答复“我们店铺的图片都是实物拍摄”，并提供了模特身高、体重及尺码信息。","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the Guangzhou Intermediate People's Court's typical-case release of 12 March 2026, as reported, a buyer paid 411 yuan on a shopping platform for two women's tops from a shop run by a clothing company; before buying, the buyer asked whether the model photos and clothes were real shots, and the seller replied that all the shop's pictures were real photographs and gave the model's height, weight and size.","causal_attribution":"The court's account of the facts, relayed by one outlet."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"实物与宣传图片存在显著差异，两件服装在花纹、版型、造型等方面与图片有明显不同。经审查，案涉商品图片均系“AI”生成，商品的详情页面均仅有“AI”图片，没有实物图片或照片，也未有案涉图片系“AI”生成的说明、提示或标识。","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"案涉服装在花纹、版型等方面与AI宣传图的差异“已远超‘合理美化’‘适度修图’和‘细微差异’的边界”","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"According to the court's account, the garments received differed markedly from the product pictures in pattern, cut and style; on review the pictures were all AI-generated, the product pages carried only AI images with no real photographs, and nothing said or indicated that the images were AI-generated.","causal_attribution":"The court found the images were AI-generated and differed significantly from the goods."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"认为商家构成欺诈，故诉请退货退款并要求三倍赔偿。","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The buyer considered the seller's conduct fraud and sued for return of the goods, a refund and treble damages.","causal_attribution":"The buyer's claim as described in the court's release."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"经营者对利用人工智能技术生成的介绍、宣传等内容，负有审查义务。 ... 某服装公司利用“AI”技术生成与实物差异显著的图片，并在消费者询问时虚假陈述，存在明显的欺诈故意，应承担三倍赔偿责任。","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"法院确立了一条裁判规则：经营者对利用AI技术生成的宣传内容负有审查义务，应确保其客观、准确反映实际状况；若AI生成图片与实物存在显著差异且未如实告知，导致消费者陷入错误认识而购买，构成消费欺诈。","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The court held that a business has a duty to review content it generates with AI, that undisclosed AI-generated information differing significantly from the goods which leads a consumer to buy constitutes consumer fraud, and that the clothing company, which used AI to generate pictures differing significantly from the goods and made a false statement when asked, had a clear intent to defraud and must pay treble compensation.","causal_attribution":"The court's holding, relayed from its release."}],"effects":[{"label":"a buyer paid for two tops that differed markedly from the shop's AI-generated product pictures, which the seller had called real photographs, court finds","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.yzwb.net/news/sh/202603/t20260313_331265.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-10-24; quoted passages were translated into English by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator. Yangtse Evening Post (Ziniu News) report of 13 March 2026 relaying the Guangzhou Intermediate People's Court's 12 March 2026 release of ten consumer-protection typical cases; read in full (HTTP 200).","independence_group":"guangzhou-intermediate-court-consumer-cases-release-2026-03-12"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.chinanews.com.cn/m/cj/2026/10-22/10719197.shtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-10-24; quoted passages were translated into English by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator. China News Service investigation of 22 October 2026 into AI-generated clothing models on shopping platforms, which summarises the same court typical case; read in full (HTTP 200). It draws on the same court release as s1, so the two share one independence group.","independence_group":"guangzhou-intermediate-court-consumer-cases-release-2026-03-12"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["everyday_life","justice"],"unknowns":["When the purchase and the judgment took place; the release gives neither, and the record dates the case by the release of 12 March 2026.","Which court decided the case at first instance, whether it went on appeal, and the case number.","The amount of the compensation awarded and whether the refund for return was granted as claimed.","Which shopping platform and shop were involved and which image tool generated the pictures.","How the court established that the pictures were AI-generated."],"geography":{"basis":"The case was released by the Guangzhou Intermediate People's Court in China. The relayed release does not say where the buyer or the shop was or which court heard the case at first instance, so no event or affected-person country is recorded.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-10-11 operator-published-content ruling: a court found that a shop's product pictures were all AI-generated and differed markedly from the goods, that a described buyer relied on them (and on the seller's claim that they were real photographs) when buying two tops, and that this was consumer fraud warranting treble compensation. The account rests on the court's typical-case release as relayed by two outlets.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-24"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The court found, on review, that all the shop's product pictures were AI-generated, that they differed markedly from the garments in pattern, cut and style, and that the product pages showed no real photographs and no AI label. The buyer relied on those pictures, and on the seller's false answer that they were real photographs, when paying 411 yuan; the court held that the AI-generated pictures together with the false statement deceived the buyer into the purchase. The release as relayed does not say which image tool was used or how the court established that the pictures were AI-generated.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Chinese court orders clothing shop to pay treble damages after its AI-generated product photos, claimed as real, misled an online buyer","summary":"In a consumer-protection typical case released on 12 March 2026, the Guangzhou Intermediate People's Court described a buyer who paid 411 yuan on a shopping platform for two women's tops after asking whether the model photos were real and being told that all the shop's pictures were real photographs. The garments that arrived differed markedly from the pictures in pattern, cut and style, and on review the pictures were all AI-generated, with no real photographs and no AI label on the product pages. The buyer sued for a refund and treble damages. The court held that businesses must review content they generate with AI, that undisclosed AI images differing significantly from the goods which lead a consumer to buy amount to consumer fraud, and that the clothing company must pay treble compensation. The release as relayed does not give the dates, the court of first instance or the amount.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-03-12","aiSystem":"An unidentified image-generation tool used by an online clothing shop to produce all its product pictures, including model photos (per the court's typical-case release as reported)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to a Chinese court's typical-case release, a buyer paid 411 yuan for two tops relying on a shop's product pictures, which the shop called real photographs; the court found the pictures were AI-generated and differed markedly from the goods, held this was consumer fraud and ordered treble compensation.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The court's release, as relayed, describes one buyer who paid 411 yuan for two tops; no other buyers are described.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.yzwb.net/news/sh/202603/t20260313_331265.html","primarySourceLabel":"Yangtse Evening Post (Ziniu News), 13 Mar 2026: online clothes bought from AI-generated pictures; shop ordered to pay treble damages for fraud","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-24T03:07:42.681363+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-24T03:14:10.733674+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-generated-images","online-shopping","consumer-fraud","court-ruling","product-listing","china"]},{"id":"2026-brasilia-appeals-court-upholds-damages-against-federal-deputy-for-ai-made-image-placing-bolsonaro-in-nonexistent-scene","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"ação indenizatória decorrente de publicação, por Deputado Federal, na plataforma X, de imagem realista produzida por inteligência artificial que inseriu o autor em cena inexistente e o vinculou, no contexto da postagem, a Daniel Vorcaro, ao Banco Master e a fatos relacionados a suposto esquema ilícito. A sentença condenou o réu ao pagamento de R$ 20.000,00 por danos morais ... CONHECER DO RECURSO, REJEITAR PRELIMINAR E NEGAR-LHE PROVIMENTO. DECISÃO UNÂNIME.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The TJDFT First Civil Panel unanimously dismissed the deputy's appeal against a judgment ordering him to pay 20,000 reais in moral damages over a realistic AI-produced image posted on X that inserted Bolsonaro into a nonexistent scene and linked him to Vorcaro, Banco Master and an alleged illicit scheme.","causal_attribution":"The court record establishes the judgment and the court's description of the image as AI-produced."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"A associação visual do retratado a contexto relacionado a supostas irregularidades, mediante fotografia artificial com aparência de autenticidade, configura ato ilícito e atinge objetivamente os direitos à honra e à imagem, sendo o dano moral decorrente da própria exposição indevida.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court held that associating the person depicted with alleged irregularities through an artificial photograph with an appearance of authenticity is unlawful and objectively harms the rights to honour and image.","causal_attribution":"The harm to honour and image is the court's finding about the AI-produced image."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"A posterior exclusão da postagem e o esclarecimento de que a imagem foi produzida por inteligência artificial não afastam a ilicitude já consumada, embora constituam circunstâncias relevantes para a definição da extensão da reparação.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The post was later deleted and it was clarified that the image had been produced by AI; the court said this did not remove the unlawfulness but was relevant to the amount.","causal_attribution":"Court record of the later clarification of the image's AI origin."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"O deputado Rogerio Correia (PT-MG) foi condenado na quarta-feira (27) a indenizar o ex-presidente Jair Bolsonaro (PL) em R$ 20 mil após adulteração de foto com inteligência artificial. Na publicação das redes sociais, feita em fevereiro deste ano","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"According to CNN Brasil, the post was made in February 2026 and the first-instance court ruled on Wednesday 27 May 2026.","causal_attribution":"Dates of the post and first ruling as reported."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"O apelante suscita cerceamento de defesa e, no mérito, invoca imunidade parlamentar material e liberdade de expressão","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Em sua defesa, Correia pediu a anulação da sentença ou a redução da multa, argumentando que a imagem tinha papel meramente simbólico para ilustrar uma crítica política.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The deputy argued that the image was symbolic, illustrating political criticism, and that parliamentary immunity protected him.","causal_attribution":"The defendant's position, rejected by the court."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"o deputado também foi condenado a publicar no mesmo perfil do X um comunicado oficial informando que a imagem foi criada por IA e que não retrata um encontro real, mantendo o aviso no ar por pelo menos 48 horas.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"According to Poder360, the deputy was also ordered to publish on the same X profile an official notice that the image was created by AI and does not show a real meeting, kept up for at least 48 hours.","causal_attribution":"Remedy as reported by Poder360."}],"effects":[{"label":"former president's honour and image harmed by an AI-produced image of a nonexistent scene, as the courts found","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://static.poder360.com.br/uploads/2026/10/TJDFT-mantem-condenacao-Rogerio-Correia-21out2026.pdf","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read in Portuguese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-22 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. TJDFT appeal judgment (acórdão) PDF, 8 Oct 2026, signed electronically 20 Oct 2026; HTTP 200; text extracted with pdftotext.","independence_group":"tjdft-appeal-judgment-8-oct-2026"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.poder360.com.br/poder-justica/justica-mantem-condenacao-de-petista-por-montagem-com-jair-e-vorcaro/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read in Portuguese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-22 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Poder360 report of 21 Oct 2026 based on the judgment it publishes; HTTP 200; same independence group as the judgment.","independence_group":"tjdft-appeal-judgment-8-oct-2026"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.cnnbrasil.com.br/politica/deputado-do-pt-tera-de-indenizar-bolsonaro-em-r-20-mil-por-foto-com-ia/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read in Portuguese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-22 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. CNN Brasil report of 28 May 2026 on the first-instance ruling; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"first-instance-ruling-may-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["justice","politics"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool produced the image.","The post's reach; the judgment notes no specific evidence of it.","Whether the deputy will appeal further."],"geography":{"basis":"The case was decided by the Federal District and Territories Court of Justice in Brasília, Brazil. The image was posted on X; no source says where it was posted from or where the plaintiff was, so no event or affected-person country is recorded.","court_countries":["BR"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): an appeals court record establishes that a realistic AI-produced image posted on X placed the plaintiff in a nonexistent scene and that this harmed his honour and image, upholding 20,000 reais in damages. The plaintiff and the defendant are named as public figures acting publicly.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The TJDFT judgment describes the image the deputy posted on X as a realistic image produced by artificial intelligence that inserted the plaintiff into a nonexistent scene and linked him to a banker, Banco Master and an alleged illicit scheme, and records the later clarification that the image was AI-produced. The court found that this artificial depiction, presented with an appearance of authenticity, harmed his honour and image and upheld damages. The AI tool is not identified.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Brasília appeals court upholds 20,000-reais damages against a federal deputy for an AI-made image placing Bolsonaro in a nonexistent scene","summary":"In February 2026 federal deputy Rogério Correia posted on X a realistic image produced with artificial intelligence that, according to the Federal District court, inserted former president Jair Bolsonaro into a nonexistent scene and linked him to the banker Daniel Vorcaro, Banco Master and an alleged illicit scheme. Bolsonaro sued; a first-instance court ordered the deputy in May 2026 to pay 20,000 reais in moral damages and publish a retraction. On 8 October 2026 the First Civil Panel of the Federal District and Territories Court of Justice (TJDFT) unanimously dismissed the deputy's appeal, holding that parliamentary immunity does not cover a realistic AI image of a nonexistent event presented without a clear warning, and that the association harmed Bolsonaro's honour and image. The judgment was made public on 20 October 2026.","incidentDate":"2026-02-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-10-20","aiSystem":"An AI image tool, not identified, used to produce a realistic image that the court found inserted Bolsonaro into a nonexistent scene; posted on X by a federal deputy","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Brazilian courts found that a realistic AI-produced image a federal deputy posted on X placed former president Bolsonaro in a nonexistent scene linked to a banker and an alleged scheme, harming his honour and image, and ordered 20,000 reais in moral damages and a retraction.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the plaintiff, whom the courts found harmed in honour and image. Others shown in the image (the banker, and per Poder360 the central bank president) are not counted because no response or consequence is reported for them.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"BR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_ongoing","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://static.poder360.com.br/uploads/2026/10/TJDFT-mantem-condenacao-Rogerio-Correia-21out2026.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"TJDFT 1st Civil Panel, appeal 0706076-19.2026.8.07.0001, judgment of 8 Oct 2026 (copy published by Poder360)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:13:08.82808+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:13:08.82808+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai_generated_image","politician_depicted","defamation_damages","parliamentary_immunity","brazil"]},{"id":"2022-hangzhou-man-sold-ai-face-swap-obscene-videos-of-public-figures-and-private-people-jailed-and-ordered-to-pay-public-interest-damages","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'2022年8月，杭州市萧山警方在网上巡查中获取一条线索，辖区内有人利用AI技术制作淫秽视频在网上进行大量传播，警方依法对此立案侦查，并迅速抓获了犯罪嫌疑人'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Xiaoshan police opened a case in August 2022 after an online patrol found someone in the district making obscene videos with AI technology and spreading them widely online, and arrested the man.","causal_attribution":"Police and procuratorate account via CCTV."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'利用“AI换脸”软件生成大量淫秽视频进行传播'; '还将“AI换脸”软件分为初级、中级和高级三个等级进行销售并传授使用教程，同时还提供网上非法收集的他人人脸素材'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'根据顾客的需要，还可以使用不同的女明星的形象，进行“私人定制”'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Prosecutors said he used AI face-swap software to make obscene videos, spread them in paid groups, took custom face-swap orders and sold the software with tutorials and face material.","causal_attribution":"Procuratorate account."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'被“AI换脸”侵害人脸敏感信息的受害者，不仅包括多位知名公众人物，还有很多不特定的普通人'; '其中就有人提出想要定制自己暗恋女生的换脸视频'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'“私人定制”换脸的对象，不仅包括明星，也有生活中的普通人'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Prosecutors said the victims whose faces were swapped included several well-known public figures and many unspecified private people, and that one customer asked for the face of a woman he had a crush on.","causal_attribution":"Procuratorate account; no individual victim is described."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'删除非法获取的个人信息，公开赔礼道歉、消除影响并赔偿损失共60000元'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'删除非法获取的个人信息，公开赔礼道歉、消除影响并赔偿损失共60000元'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Hangzhou Internet Court granted the prosecutors' public-interest claims, ordering deletion of the personal information, a public apology and 60,000 yuan for personal-information protection.","causal_attribution":"Court outcome as relayed; the judgment was not inspected."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'2023年11月，杭州市萧山区人民法院判决被告人'; '犯制作、传播淫秽物品牟利罪，判处有期徒刑七年三个月，并处罚金6万元'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'有期徒刑七年三个月'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In November 2023 the Xiaoshan District People's Court sentenced him to seven years and three months in prison and a 60,000-yuan fine for making and spreading obscene material for profit.","causal_attribution":"Court outcome as relayed; the judgment was not inspected."}],"effects":[{"label":"faces of public figures and private people swapped into obscene videos with AI and spread and sold without consent, per prosecutors","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://app.xinhuanet.com/news/article.html?articleId=50a79df8-e37c-4837-86dd-2b0deef66ca0","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in the original Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Xinhua app relay of CCTV's report quoting Xiaoshan prosecutors and Hangzhou Internet Court judges; no judgment inspected.","independence_group":"xiaoshan-procuratorate-and-courts-via-cctv"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.jinantimes.com.cn/news-216-4931256.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in the original Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. New Yellow River roundup (via Jinan Times) restating the same procuratorate and court account; it also covers a separate Beijing case not used here.","independence_group":"xiaoshan-procuratorate-and-courts-via-cctv"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["When the obscene face-swap videos were first made and spread; the reports give 2020 for his first use of the software and August 2022 for the police case.","How many people were depicted and who they were.","Which face-swap software was used.","The date of the Hangzhou Internet Court judgment.","Whether either judgment was appealed."],"geography":{"basis":"Xiaoshan police in Hangzhou found the videos being spread from their district and arrested the man there, and the Xiaoshan court and Hangzhou Internet Court decided the case, so the event is placed in China. Where the depicted people live is not reported.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":["CN"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): Hangzhou prosecutors said a man used AI face-swap software to put public figures' and private people's faces into obscene videos that he spread and sold, and he was jailed and ordered to pay public-interest damages. One reporting chain (procuratorate and courts via CCTV), read in two Chinese sources.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Prosecutors, an examining party, said the man used AI face-swap software to generate the obscene videos, and the courts convicted him and granted the public-interest claims on that account. The generated videos depicted the faces of public figures and private people (depicted_or_impersonated). The technical basis of the identification beyond the seized material is not described in the reports.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Hangzhou: man who sold AI face-swap obscene videos, including custom swaps of private people's faces, jailed 7 years 3 months; court orders 60,000 yuan","summary":"According to Hangzhou prosecutors and courts as reported by CCTV and relayed by Xinhua in March 2024, police in Xiaoshan district opened a case in August 2022 after finding that a local man was spreading large numbers of obscene videos made with AI technology. Prosecutors said he used AI face-swap software to put faces onto obscene videos, spread them in paid social-media groups to attract customers, sold the software and tutorials, and took custom orders, swapping in the faces of public figures and of private people; one customer asked for the face of a woman he had a crush on. Victims included several well-known public figures and many unspecified private people. In a civil public-interest suit brought by prosecutors, the Hangzhou Internet Court ordered him to delete the personal information he had obtained, apologise publicly and pay 60,000 yuan for personal-information protection. In November 2023 the Xiaoshan District People's Court sentenced him to seven years and three months in prison and a 60,000-yuan fine for making and spreading obscene material for profit.","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2024-03-21","aiSystem":"AI face-swap software, not named in the reports, that the man used to replace faces in obscene videos and sold to others with tutorials and face material","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to Hangzhou prosecutors, the man swapped the faces of public figures and of many private people into obscene videos without consent and spread and sold them; the courts imposed a prison term and ordered public-interest damages for the infringement of personal information.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"unquantified","affectedCountEvidence":"Prosecutors describe several well-known public figures and many unspecified private people as victims; no count is given. Group sizes (95 to 2,053 members), 1,200-plus videos and 1,600-plus images are audiences and material, not harmed people.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://app.xinhuanet.com/news/article.html?articleId=50a79df8-e37c-4837-86dd-2b0deef66ca0","primarySourceLabel":"Xinhua app (CCTV report), 21 March 2024: AI face-swap obscene videos of actresses, court rules","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:12:22.743729+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:12:22.743729+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["face-swap","sexual-deepfakes","criminal-conviction","public-interest-litigation","hangzhou","china","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2023-beijing-voice-actress-ai-text-to-speech-voice-from-her-recordings-sold-without-consent-court-awards-250000-yuan","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'发现他人利用其配音制作的作品在多个知名APP广泛流传。经声音筛选和溯源，发现上述作品中的声音来自于被告一北京某智能科技公司运营平台中的文本转语音产品'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In May 2023 the voice actress found that works using her voice were circulating widely on several well-known apps and traced the voice to a text-to-speech product on an app operator's platform.","causal_attribution":"Court account of the claimant's discovery."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'录制的一部录音制品作为素材，采用人工智能等技术进行处理，生成了案涉文本转语音产品，并在被告四上海某网络科技公司运营的云服务平台对外出售'; '《数据授权书》并非'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'进行AI化处理'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The court found that a software company used only one of her sound recordings, supplied by a media company, as material, processed it with AI and other techniques into a text-to-speech product, and sold it on a cloud-service platform; the authorisation document had not been signed by her.","causal_attribution":"Court findings as relayed; the judgment was not inspected."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'采取应用程序接口形式，在未经技术处理的情况下，直接调取并生成文本转语音产品在其平台中使用。平台显示案涉声音播放量为3256728530次'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'相关配音作品的播放量高达32亿余次'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"An app operator called the product through an interface for use on its platform, which showed the voice as played 3,256,728,530 times.","causal_attribution":"Court findings as relayed."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'现场使用案涉文本转语音产品进行文本转语音的操作，获得的AI声音与'; '的音色、语调、发音风格等具有高度一致性'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'庭审现场，法官当庭勘验：AI产品生成的语音，与'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"At the hearing the court used the product and found the AI voice highly consistent with the voice actress's timbre, intonation and pronunciation style.","causal_attribution":"The court's own inspection as relayed by the court account."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'北京互联网法院于2024年4月23日作出（2023）京0491民初12142号民事判决'; '经济损失人民币250000元'; '宣判后，双方当事人未提出上诉，判决已发生法律效力'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'4月23日，北京互联网法院一审开庭宣判了全国首例AI生成声音人格权侵权案'; '赔偿损失25万元'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'原告获赔经济损失25万元'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"On 23 April 2024 the Beijing Internet Court ordered written apologies and 250,000 yuan for economic loss, rejected her other claims, and the judgment took effect without appeal.","causal_attribution":"Court outcome as relayed by the court account and reports of it."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'并未举证证明被诉侵权行为给其精神利益造成严重损害，因此，对其精神损害赔偿请求不予支持'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court rejected the claim for mental-harm damages because she had not shown that the infringement seriously harmed her mental interests.","causal_attribution":"Court reasoning as relayed; recorded as a limit on the harm."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'一审审理过程中，被告一北京某智能科技公司、被告三某软件公司下架了案涉文本转语音产品'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The app operator and the software company took the text-to-speech product down during the first-instance proceedings.","causal_attribution":"Court account."}],"effects":[{"label":"court found a voice actress's voice rights infringed by an AI text-to-speech voice made from her recording and sold without her consent","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://xinwen.bjd.com.cn/content/s6867e681d5ded84697eedca5.html","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in the original Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Case digest published by the Beijing courts' \"Jing Fa Wang Shi\" account on Beijing Daily's platform; the judgment itself was not inspected.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.jfdaily.com/wx/detail.do?id=741827","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in the original Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Relays the Beijing Internet Court's announcement of the judgment.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-account"},{"id":"s3","url":"http://paper.people.com.cn/zgcsb/html/2024-04/29/content_26055200.htm","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in the original Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Commentary in China City News (People's Daily group) relaying the same court account.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-account"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://xinwen.bjd.com.cn/content/s6ad969cce4b0e42f8f01e464.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in the original Chinese on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). English renderings in this record are the research agent's (an AI's) own translations; no human translator reviewed them. Feature on the Beijing Internet Court quoting its judges; it restates the case.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["When the software company first sold the product and when the app operator began using it.","Which apps and works used the voice; the sources give only a playback count shown on the operator's platform.","How the 250,000-yuan figure was calculated beyond the court's general factors.","Where the voice actress lives."],"geography":{"basis":"The case digest describes Beijing and Shanghai companies selling and using the product on a Chinese cloud platform and app, and the case was decided by the Beijing Internet Court, so the event is placed in China. The sources do not say where the voice actress lives, so no affected-person country is recorded.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":["CN"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): the Beijing Internet Court found that an AI text-to-speech voice made from a voice actress's recording imitated her identifiably and was sold and used without her consent, and awarded 250,000 yuan. One reporting chain, the court's own account, read in four Chinese sources.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"In the court's account a software company processed the voice actress's recording with AI and other techniques to generate a text-to-speech voice, and at the hearing the court used the product and found the generated voice highly consistent with hers. The AI-generated voice imitated her voice in works heard on apps (depicted_or_impersonated); the court held that this use without her consent infringed her voice rights and awarded damages.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Beijing Internet Court finds an AI text-to-speech voice made from a voice actress's recordings was sold without her consent and awards her 250,000 yuan","summary":"According to the Beijing courts' case digest and reports of the April 2024 judgment, a voice actress found in May 2023 that works using her voice were circulating widely on several well-known apps. The court found that a software company had used only one of her sound recordings, supplied by a media company that held the recording rights, to make a text-to-speech product with AI and other techniques, and sold it on a cloud-service platform; an app operator then called the product through an interface for use on its own platform, where the voice was shown as played 3,256,728,530 times. The authorisation document had not been signed by her. On 23 April 2024 the Beijing Internet Court held that her voice rights extend to an identifiable AI-synthesised voice, ordered the app operator and the software company to apologise in writing, and ordered the media company and the software company to pay her 250,000 yuan for economic loss. It rejected her claim for mental-harm damages. Neither side appealed.","incidentDate":"2023-05-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2024-04-24","aiSystem":"A text-to-speech voice product that a software company made by processing one of the voice actress's sound recordings with AI and other techniques, sold on a cloud-service platform and called by an app operator for use on its platform (product names not recorded here)","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Beijing courts' account, an AI text-to-speech voice made from a voice actress's recording without her consent was sold and widely used, and the court found her voice rights infringed and awarded 250,000 yuan for economic loss.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the voice actress who sued (Beijing courts' case digest and reports of the judgment). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://xinwen.bjd.com.cn/content/s6867e681d5ded84697eedca5.html","primarySourceLabel":"Beijing courts' case digest via Beijing Daily, 4 July 2025: AI-processed voice protected by voice rights","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:08:01.07425+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:08:01.07425+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["voice-cloning","voice-rights","text-to-speech","court-ruling","beijing","china","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2024-incheon-high-school-student-ai-deepfake-nude-composites-of-teachers-prison-term-and-civil-damages","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"A군은 지난해 7월 인공지능(AI)을 이용한 딥페이크 기술로 고등학교 여교사 2명과 학원 선배·강사 등의 얼굴을 나체 사진에 합성한 뒤 SNS에 유포한 혐의로 기소됐다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"앞서 ㄱ군은 지난해 7월 인공지능을 이용한 딥페이크 기술로 고등학교 여교사 2명과 학원 선배·강사 등의 얼굴을 나체 사진에 합성한 뒤 에스엔에스에 유포한 혐의로 기소됐다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"A군은 지난해 7월 자신이 다니던 고등학교 여교사 2명과 선배·강사 등을 상대로 인공지능(AI)을 이용한 딥페이크 음란물을 제작해 사회소셜네트워크서비스(SNS)에 유포한 혐의로 기소됐다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"According to the charges as reported, in July 2024, while a high-school student, he used AI-based deepfake technology to composite the faces of two female teachers at his school and of others, including an academy senior and an instructor, onto nude photos, and posted them on social media.","causal_attribution":"The AI attribution comes from the charges as the outlets describe them; he was convicted of editing false video material. The reports do not disclose how the AI use was established or name a tool."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"이 판사는 “A군은 공소사실을 모두 인정하고 반성하고 있으며 형사 처벌을 받은 전력이나 학교생활에 문제를 일으킨 적도 없다”고 설명했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"According to the Kyunghyang Shinmun, he admitted all the charges at first instance.","causal_attribution":"Not causal."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"인천지법 형사1단독(재판장 이창경)은 27일 성폭력범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법 위반(허위 영상물 편집 등) 혐의로 기소된 A군(19)에 대한 선고공판에서 장기 1년 6개월, 단기 1년의 징역형을 선고했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"인천지법 형사1단독 이창경 판사는 27일 선고 공판에서 성폭력범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법상 허위 영상물 편집 등 혐의로 기소된 A군(19)에게 단기 1년~장기 1년 6개월의 징역형을 선고했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"On 27 August 2025 the Incheon District Court gave him an indeterminate prison term of one year to one year six months for editing false video material and related offences, and he was taken into custody.","causal_attribution":"Not causal; records the legal outcome."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"그 결과 피해 교사는 교단을 떠나 현재까지 복귀하지 못하고 있는 점 등을 종합적으로 고려했다","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"According to the JoongAng Ilbo, the first-instance court said the offence threatened the teachers' physical and mental safety and that as a result the victimised teacher left the classroom and had not returned.","causal_attribution":"The court links the teacher's departure to the offence as a whole, which included illegal filming as well as the composites."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"이후 영상물 조회 수가 1만회에 달하자 여교사 1명의 상반신과 나체 사진을 합성해 자극적인 문구와 함께 올려 불특정 다수가 보게 했다","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"According to the Kyunghyang Shinmun, the first-instance court said that after his secretly taken photos of two teachers reached about 10,000 views, he posted a composite of one teacher's upper body with a nude photo.","causal_attribution":"Describes the composite as the court summarised it."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"재판부는 \"교사들을 상대로 나체 합성 사진과 자극적인 문구를 함께 SNS에 게시해 인격 살인이라고 할 정도로 죄질이 불량하다\"며 \"교사들의 정신적 충격이 상당하고 전파 가능성이 높은 SNS 특성상 피해 회복도 어렵다\"고 설명했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"인천지법 형사항소3부(재판장 최성배)는 19일 열린 항소심 선고 공판에서 성폭력범죄의 처벌 등에 관한 특례법상 허위 영상물 편집 등 혐의로 기소된 ㄱ(19)군에게 징역 3년을 선고했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 19 December 2025 the Incheon District Court's criminal appeal division sentenced him, now an adult, to three years in prison, calling the offence close to character assassination and the teachers' mental shock considerable.","causal_attribution":"The appeal court describes the harm caused by the composites posted on social media."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"지난 12월 항소심에서 징역 3년을 선고받고 형이 확정됐습니다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"OBS reports that the three-year sentence became final.","causal_attribution":"Not causal."},{"id":"c8","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"인천지법 민사13단독 이상언 판사는 교사 A씨가 B(20)씨를 상대로 낸 7200여만원의 손해배상 청구소송에서 이날 원고 일부 승소 판결을 내렸다. 이에 따라 B씨는 A씨에게 1770만원을 지급해야 한다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"이 판사는 1천770만 원을 A씨에게 지급하도록 B씨에게 명령했습니다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"On 21 October 2026 a civil judge of the Incheon District Court partly upheld a teacher's claim for about 72 million won and ordered him to pay her 17.7 million won.","causal_attribution":"The civil court imposes liability for the harm; the reports do not describe its reasoning."},{"id":"c9","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"교육 당국은 교권보호위원회를 열고 중대한 교육활동 침해가 있다고 판단해 A군을 퇴학 처분했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"인천시교육청은 지난해 교권보호위원회를 열고 중대한 교육활동 침해가 있다고 판단해 A군을 퇴학 처분했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"He was expelled after the education authorities' teachers' rights protection committee found a serious infringement of educational activity.","causal_attribution":"Not causal."}],"effects":[{"label":"teachers depicted in AI deepfake nude composites posted on social media","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"teachers' considerable mental shock, as the appeal court described it","claim_id":"c6","direction":"negative"},{"label":"victimised teacher left teaching and had not returned, according to the first-instance court","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20251219064251065","kind":"wire_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-21 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Yonhap News Agency report of the appeal sentencing, 19 December 2025; HTTP 200, full body read.","independence_group":"yonhap-19-dec-2025"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/area/capital/1235603.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-21 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Hankyoreh report of the appeal sentencing, 19 December 2025; HTTP 200, full body read.","independence_group":"hankyoreh-19-dec-2025"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25362042","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-21 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. JoongAng Ilbo report of the first-instance sentencing, 27 August 2025; HTTP 200, full body read.","independence_group":"joongang-27-aug-2025"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.khan.co.kr/article/202508271113001","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-21 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Kyunghyang Shinmun report of the first-instance sentencing, 27 August 2025; HTTP 200, full body read.","independence_group":"kyunghyang-27-aug-2025"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://biz.chosun.com/topics/topics_social/2026/10/21/6T2N34SEKBBNJCXOF7673LQ3TE/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-21 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Chosun Biz report of the civil judgment, 21 October 2026, attributed to the Incheon Teachers' Union; HTTP 200, full body read.","independence_group":"incheon-teachers-union-21-oct-2026"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.obsnews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1541214","kind":"local_tv_news","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-21 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. OBS Gyeongin TV report of the civil judgment, 21 October 2026; HTTP 200, full body read. It does not name its source for the judgment.","independence_group":"obs-21-oct-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education","justice","privacy","work"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used and how investigators established the AI use.","How many people beyond the two teachers were depicted (the charges say an academy senior and instructor, among others).","Whether either party appeals the civil judgment, and its reasoning.","Which of the two teachers brought the civil suit.","Whether the first-instance court reference to the teacher who left teaching concerns one or both teachers."],"geography":{"basis":"The offending began at the student's high school, where he photographed teachers in class (JoongAng Ilbo; Kyunghyang Shinmun); the Incheon (South Korea) education office expelled him from that school (Kyunghyang Shinmun), so the school and the teachers' workplace are in Incheon; all three judgments were given by the Incheon District Court.","court_countries":["KR"],"event_countries":["KR"],"affected_person_countries":["KR"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): a student was convicted, on charges reported as using AI deepfake technology, of compositing his teachers' faces onto nude photos and posting them on social media; the courts recorded the teachers' mental shock and a victimised teacher's departure from teaching, and a civil court ordered damages. No name of the student or the teachers appears in the public record.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-21"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"According to the charges as reported by Yonhap, the Hankyoreh and the JoongAng Ilbo, the student used AI-based deepfake technology to composite the teachers' faces onto nude photos and posted them on social media; he was convicted of editing false video material and admitted the charges. The generated depictions of the teachers are the harm the courts addressed. The reports do not name the tool or disclose how the AI use was established.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Incheon high-school student jailed for AI deepfake nude composites of his teachers posted online; a civil court later orders him to pay one teacher damages","summary":"In July 2024 a high-school student in Incheon, South Korea, composited the faces of two female teachers at his school and of others, including an academy senior and an instructor, onto nude photos and posted them on social media, according to the charges as reported by Yonhap, the Hankyoreh, the JoongAng Ilbo and the Kyunghyang Shinmun, which describe the technique as AI-based deepfake technology. He had also secretly photographed teachers in class. He was expelled after a teachers' rights committee hearing. On 27 August 2025 the Incheon District Court gave him an indeterminate prison term of one year to one year six months and took him into custody; the court said that as a result the victimised teacher had left teaching and had not returned. On 19 December 2025, after he had turned adult, the appeal division raised the sentence to three years, calling the offence close to 'character assassination' and the teachers' mental shock considerable; OBS reports the sentence is final. On 21 October 2026, according to the Incheon Teachers' Union, a civil judge at the Incheon District Court ordered him, now 20, to pay one teacher 17.7 million won of the roughly 72 million won she claimed.","incidentDate":"2024-07-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-08-27","aiSystem":"AI-based deepfake image compositing, as the charges are described in the reporting (tool not named)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress","professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the charges as reported, a student composited two female teachers' faces and others' onto nude photos with AI deepfake technology and posted them on social media; the courts called the teachers' mental shock considerable, the first-instance court said the victimised teacher had left teaching and not returned, and a civil court later ordered damages to one teacher.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"Two female teachers at his school, named in the charges as reported by Yonhap, the Hankyoreh, the JoongAng Ilbo, the Kyunghyang Shinmun and OBS; he admitted all charges (Kyunghyang). The charges also cover others, 'an academy senior and instructor, etc.' (Yonhap; JoongAng), whose number is not given, so they are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"KR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20251219064251065","primarySourceLabel":"Yonhap News Agency, 19 December 2025: appeal sentence for student who made deepfake sexual images of teachers","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-21T03:08:50.515019+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-21T03:08:50.515019+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["sexual_deepfake","teachers","school","criminal_conviction","civil_damages","south_korea"]},{"id":"2025-brazil-telegram-group-ai-fake-intimate-images-court-orders-platform-damages","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'O Telegram foi condenado a indenizar em R$ 10 mil uma mulher que teve divulgadas imagens íntimas falsas, criadas com uso de inteligência artificial (IA).'; 'da 32ª Vara Cível de Goiânia'; 'A decisão foi assinada na última terça-feira (06)'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'A Justiça condenou a plataforma de mensagens Telegram a pagar R$ 10 mil por danos morais a uma mulher que teve divulgadas imagens íntimas falsas, criadas com uso de inteligência artificial (IA).'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In a judgment signed on Tuesday 6 October 2026, the 32ª Vara Cível de Goiânia ordered Telegram to pay R$10,000 in moral damages to a woman whose fake intimate images, created with artificial intelligence, were disseminated on the platform.","causal_attribution":"The judgment as reported; the judgment itself was not inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Usuários do Telegram usavam ferramentas de IA para modificar fotos publicadas pela mulher e pelas irmãs dela nas redes sociais. Eles criavam imagens de nudez e situações sexuais que não existiam, sem o consentimento delas.'; 'compartilhavam essas montagens em um grupo com mais de 120 participantes, tecendo comentários ofensivos e de conteúdo sexual às vítimas.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'produzir montagens de cunho sexual com o uso de inteligência artificial'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"According to the judgment as reported, Telegram users used AI tools to alter photos the woman and her sisters had posted on social media into nude and sexual images without their consent, and shared them in a group of more than 120 participants with offensive sexual comments.","causal_attribution":"The court's account of how the images were made and shared, as reported; no tool is named."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'por meio de formulário de suporte, mensagens eletrônicas e atendimento fornecido dentro do aplicativo.'; 'Em uma notificação enviada em 29 de julho de 2025, por exemplo, informou que a imagem dela estava sendo usada sem autorização.'; 'Contudo, não recebeu resposta nem conseguiu interromper a divulgação.'; 'Naquela época, tinha 98 participantes, mas chegou a ter pelo menos 123 um mês depois, no dia 27 de agosto.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"She reported the group to Telegram through its support form, emails and in-app support, including a notification on 29 July 2025, and received no reply; the group had 98 participants then and at least 123 on 27 August.","causal_attribution":"Facts recorded in the judgment as reported by one outlet."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Ele explicou que o Telegram foi responsabilizado porque não removeu as postagens mesmo depois de notificado.'; 'A empresa também deve usar ferramentas de identificação de arquivos e reconhecimento de imagens para impedir a republicação de cópias idênticas ou semelhantes ao conteúdo ilegal.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'que também determinou a retirada do material da plataforma, a adoção de mecanismos para impedir novas publicações e o fornecimento de dados que permitam identificar os usuários envolvidos'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The court held Telegram liable because it did not remove the posts after being notified, and ordered it to remove the material, adopt mechanisms against new publication, and provide data identifying the users involved.","causal_attribution":"The court's reasoning and orders as reported."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Não se trata de mero uso indevido de imagem, mas da fabricação de uma intimidade sexual inexistente, que se apropria da identidade visual da vítima para expô-la, de forma degradante, a um número indeterminado de pessoas'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The judge wrote that the case was not mere misuse of an image but the fabrication of a non-existent sexual intimacy that appropriates the victim's visual identity to expose her degradingly to an indeterminate number of people.","causal_attribution":"The judge's words as quoted by one outlet."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'O Telegram foi citado, mas não contestou a ação.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'O POPULAR entrou em contato com a defesa do Telegram sobre a decisão judicial, mas, até a última atualização desta reportagem, não obteve retorno.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Telegram did not contest the action and had not answered O Popular's request for comment.","causal_attribution":"Absence of a response from the platform; no contrary account is reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"fake nude and sexual images of her shared in a Telegram group of more than 120 participants","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://portal6.com.br/2026/10/13/telegram-e-condenado-em-goiania-apos-usuarios-compartilharem-fotos-intimas-de-mulheres-feitas-com-ia/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read on 2026-10-19 through an Internet Archive capture (the live page returned HTTP 403; bodies/lat-portal6-telegram-wb.html/.txt). Portal 6's report of the judgment, citing the legal news site Rota Jurídica, which was not read. Read in the original Portuguese; the English renderings in claims and notes are translations by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator.","independence_group":"goiania-32vc-judgment-2026-10-06"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://opopular.com.br/cidades/telegram-e-condenado-em-goiania-por-compartilhamento-de-imagens-intimas-de-mulheres-criadas-com-ia-1.3468089","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read on 2026-10-19 (live, HTTP 200; bodies/lat-opopular-telegram.html/.txt). O Popular's report of the judgment; the page is paywalled (isAccessibleForFree false) and only the standfirst and the first two paragraphs were readable. Read in the original Portuguese; the English renderings in claims and notes are translations by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator.","independence_group":"goiania-32vc-judgment-2026-10-06"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["Which AI tools were used and who made the images.","When the images were first made and shared; the reports give a notification on 29 July 2025 and the group's size then and on 27 August.","How many sisters were depicted.","Whether the users responsible have been identified or prosecuted, and whether Telegram has complied or appealed.","Whether the judgment itself finds that AI tools were used or records the plaintiff's uncontested account; the judgment text was not inspected."],"geography":{"basis":"The judgment was given by the 32ª Vara Cível de Goiânia in Goiás, Brazil, which supports court_countries=BR. The reports do not say where the woman lives or where the group's members were; the court's seat is not used to locate the event or the woman.","court_countries":["BR"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Two Goiás outlets report a civil judgment finding that Telegram users altered a woman's photos into fake sexual images with AI tools and shared them in a group, and that Telegram, after ignoring her reports, must pay damages and remove and block the images. The facts rest on the judgment as reported; the judgment itself was not inspected.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-19"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The judgment, as reported by Portal 6 and O Popular, says Telegram users used AI tools to alter photos the woman and her sisters had posted into nude and sexual images that did not exist, and the court treated the images as fake intimate images created with AI. The generated images depicting her are the harm. O Popular's standfirst says the court understood that the group used AI to create the fake sexual montages. The tools are not named, the judge's quoted words describe fabricated images without naming AI, Telegram did not contest the action, and the reports do not say how the court established that AI was used.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Brazilian court orders Telegram to pay a woman damages after it ignored her reports of a group sharing AI-made fake intimate images of her","summary":"A civil court in Goiânia, Brazil (32ª Vara Cível) ordered Telegram in a judgment signed on 6 October 2026 to pay R$10,000 in moral damages to a woman whose fake intimate images, created with artificial intelligence, were shared on the platform. According to the judgment as reported by Portal 6 (citing the legal news site Rota Jurídica) and O Popular, Telegram users used AI tools to alter photos that she and her sisters had posted on social media into nude and sexual images, and shared them without consent in a group of more than 120 participants with offensive sexual comments. She reported the group to Telegram through its support channels, including a notification on 29 July 2025, and received no reply; the group had 98 participants then and at least 123 a month later. The court held Telegram liable because it did not remove the posts after notification, ordered removal of the material, measures to block identical or similar copies, and disclosure of data identifying the group's creators and users. Telegram did not contest the case and did not answer O Popular.","incidentDate":"2025-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-13","aiSystem":"AI tools used by members of a Telegram group to alter the woman's photos into fake nude and sexual images, according to the judgment as reported; no tool is named","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the judgment as reported, fake nude and sexual images of the woman made with AI tools were shared without consent in a Telegram group of more than 120 participants with offensive sexual comments, and kept circulating after she reported them. The court found a violation of her personality rights and awarded R$10,000 in moral damages.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"One counted person, the woman who brought the case. Her sisters' photos were also altered and shared, but the reports do not say how many sisters; they are not counted. Group participants are an audience and are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"BR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_ongoing","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://portal6.com.br/2026/10/13/telegram-e-condenado-em-goiania-apos-usuarios-compartilharem-fotos-intimas-de-mulheres-feitas-com-ia/","primarySourceLabel":"Portal 6, 13 Oct 2026: Telegram é condenado em Goiânia após usuários compartilharem fotos íntimas de mulheres feitas com IA","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-19T03:19:28.722651+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-19T03:19:28.722651+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-generated-images","non-consensual-intimate-imagery","telegram","platform-liability","civil-judgment","brazil"]},{"id":"2022-british-columbia-air-canada-website-chatbot-bereavement-fare-advice-tribunal-orders-compensation","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'they interacted with a support chatbot'; 'a chatbot is an automated system that provides information to a person using a website in response to that person'; 'If you need to travel immediately or have already travelled and would like to submit your ticket for a reduced bereavement rate, kindly do so within 90 days of the date your ticket was issued'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The tribunal records that on 11 November 2022 the passenger interacted with a support chatbot on Air Canada's website about bereavement fares, and that the chatbot's response, in a screenshot in evidence, said a ticket could be submitted for a reduced bereavement rate within 90 days of issue by someone who had already travelled.","causal_attribution":"Documented by the tribunal decision; the screenshot was in evidence and the tribunal later found the representation inaccurate."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'the bereavement policy does not apply to requests for bereavement consideration after travel has been completed'; 'booked a one-way flight from Vancouver to Toronto, departing on November 12, for $794.98'; 'relying on the same information, they booked a one-way flight from Toronto to Vancouver, departing on November 18, for $845.38'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The tribunal records that the airline's bereavement webpage said the policy did not apply after travel was completed, and that relying on the chatbot's information the passenger booked one-way flights between Vancouver and Toronto for $794.98 and $845.38.","causal_attribution":"Findings of fact in the decision."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'an Air Canada representative responded and admitted the chatbot had provided'; 'said Air Canada had noted the issue so it could update the chatbot'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The tribunal records that on 8 February 2023 an Air Canada representative admitted the chatbot had provided misleading words and said the airline had noted the issue so it could update the chatbot.","causal_attribution":"Documented by the decision from the airline's email in evidence."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'This is a remarkable submission.'; 'I find Air Canada did not take reasonable care to ensure its chatbot was accurate.'; 'would not have flown last-minute if they knew they would have to pay the full fare'; 'a total of $812.02, broken down as follows'; '$650.88 in damages'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Air Canada has been ordered to pay compensation to a grieving grandchild who claimed they were misled into purchasing full-price flight tickets by an ill-informed chatbot.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'has been ordered to pay compensation after its chatbot gave a customer inaccurate information'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The tribunal found negligent misrepresentation, rejected the airline's suggestion that the chatbot was a separate legal entity responsible for its own actions, found that Air Canada did not take reasonable care to ensure its chatbot was accurate, accepted that the passenger relied on the chatbot and would not have flown last-minute at full fare, and ordered the airline to pay $812.02 including $650.88 in damages.","causal_attribution":"The tribunal's own findings and order; the news reports relay the decision."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Last March, Air Canada’s chief information officer Mel Crocker told the Globe and Mail that the airline had launched the chatbot as an AI “experiment.”'; 'Air Canada’s initial investment in customer service AI technology was much higher than the cost of continuing to pay workers to handle simple queries.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Ars Technica reports that Air Canada's chief information officer told the Globe and Mail in March 2023 that the airline had launched the chatbot as an AI experiment, and describes the airline's investment in customer service AI technology.","causal_attribution":"The airline's own description of the chatbot, relayed by Ars Technica from a Globe and Mail interview that was not inspected; it describes the chatbot in general and does not say how the system produced the answer at issue."}],"effects":[{"label":"full fares paid in reliance on the chatbot's inaccurate bereavement-fare answer; $650.88 in damages found","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://decisions.civilresolutionbc.ca/crt/crtd/en/item/525448/index.do","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-12 through the tribunal's public decision page (iframe content); no translation was needed and the research agent (an AI) read the text directly.","independence_group":"bccrt-2024-149-decision"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/air-canada-chatbot-lawsuit-1.7116416","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-12; the report relays the tribunal decision and quotes it, so it shares the decision's independence group.","independence_group":"bccrt-2024-149-decision"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/16/air-canada-chatbot-lawsuit","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-12; the report relays the tribunal decision, so it shares the decision's independence group.","independence_group":"bccrt-2024-149-decision"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2024/02/air-canada-must-honor-refund-policy-invented-by-airlines-chatbot/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-12 by the second researcher (an AI) from the publisher page; no translation was needed. The article relays the tribunal decision and, separately, remarks Air Canada's chief information officer made to the Globe and Mail in March 2023; only those relayed remarks are cited here, and the Globe and Mail interview was not inspected.","independence_group":"globe-and-mail-2023-air-canada-cio-interview"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["finance","everyday_life","justice"],"unknowns":["What kind of AI system the chatbot was and how it produced this answer; the airline gave the tribunal no information about its nature, and its chief information officer's description of the chatbot as an AI experiment is known only through Ars Technica's relay of a Globe and Mail interview.","Whether Air Canada changed the chatbot after the case."],"geography":{"basis":"The decision records the booking of flights between Vancouver and Toronto through Air Canada's website after a death in Ontario, and the tribunal is the British Columbia Civil Resolution Tribunal; where the passenger lives is not used to locate anything.","court_countries":["CA"],"event_countries":["CA"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published on the tribunal decision, which documents the website chatbot's inaccurate answer, the passenger's reasonable reliance on it, the resulting full-fare purchase and an order for damages. The causal finding is the tribunal's; the chatbot's description as AI rests on the airline's chief information officer's remarks as relayed by Ars Technica, and how it produced this answer is recorded as unknown.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-12"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The tribunal records the chatbot's own generated answer (a screenshot saying a reduced bereavement rate could be claimed within 90 days of ticket issue after travel) and finds that the passenger reasonably relied on it to buy full-fare tickets, that the airline did not take reasonable care to ensure the chatbot was accurate, and that the reliance caused the loss. The tribunal describes the chatbot as an automated system answering a user's prompts and notes that Air Canada gave it no information about the chatbot's nature. Ars Technica reports that Air Canada's chief information officer told the Globe and Mail in March 2023 that the airline had launched the chatbot as an AI experiment (c5); how the system produced this particular answer is not established.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Air Canada website chatbot wrongly told a bereaved passenger a fare reduction could be claimed after travel; BC tribunal ordered the airline to pay damages","summary":"On 11 November 2022, after a grandparent died in Ontario, a passenger asked the support chatbot on Air Canada's website about bereavement fares. The chatbot's response, in a screenshot later filed in evidence, said a ticket could be submitted for a reduced bereavement rate within 90 days of issue, including after travel, while the airline's bereavement webpage said the policy did not apply after travel was completed. Relying on that answer, the passenger bought full-fare one-way tickets between Vancouver and Toronto for $794.98 and $845.38 and applied for the reduction on 17 November. In February 2023 an Air Canada representative admitted the chatbot had provided misleading words. On 14 February 2024 the British Columbia Civil Resolution Tribunal found negligent misrepresentation, rejected the airline's argument that it could not be held liable for its chatbot, found it had not taken reasonable care to ensure the chatbot was accurate, and ordered it to pay $812.02, including $650.88 in damages.","incidentDate":"2022-11-11","incidentEndDate":"2022-11-16","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2024-02-14","aiSystem":"Support chatbot on Air Canada's website answering a question about bereavement fares; the airline's chief information officer described it as an AI experiment (per Ars Technica), and the airline gave the tribunal no information about its nature","aiProduct":"Air Canada chatbot","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The tribunal found that the passenger relied on the Air Canada chatbot's inaccurate answer about bereavement fares, paid $1,630.36 in full fares, and was owed $650.88 in damages, which with interest and fees the airline was ordered to pay.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the applicant who relied on the chatbot's answer when buying full-fare tickets and to whom the tribunal awarded damages. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"CA","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://decisions.civilresolutionbc.ca/crt/crtd/en/item/525448/index.do","primarySourceLabel":"Moffatt v. Air Canada, 2024 BCCRT 149, BC Civil Resolution Tribunal, 14 February 2024","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-12T03:22:10.337605+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-12T03:22:10.337605+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["customer-service-chatbot","airline","wrong-information","tribunal-decision","negligent-misrepresentation","canada"]},{"id":"2026-spokane-appliance-retailer-spokeswoman-ai-voice-edited-ads-without-consent-lawsuit","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'But in February, George noticed on social media that Fred’s, and production company Victory Media, had created a President’s Day advertisement' and 'They were using past footage and bits and pieces from different commercials.' and '“They never once told me what they were doing or asked for my consent.” she said.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'The lawsuit alleges that in February, George noticed that the company's President's Day ad was one that she had not recorded' and '‘This is not my voice! These are words I never spoke.''","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In February 2026 George saw a Presidents' Day advertisement for the retailer that she had not recorded, made from past footage with words in her voice that she says she never spoke and was never asked about.","causal_attribution":"George's own account and her lawsuit's allegation; both outlets interviewed her, so it is one witness."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'We acknowledge that we used AI-assisted voice editing to make a limited number of updates to existing advertisements, primarily involving pricing and promotional changes.' and 'Victory Media did not create or publish AI-generated versions of her image or likeness'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'We believed those uses were authorized under our spokesperson agreement and were consistent with our contractual rights.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Victory Media said it had used AI-assisted voice editing to make a limited number of updates to existing advertisements, mainly pricing and promotional changes, that it believed its spokesperson agreement authorised them, and that it denies creating or publishing AI-generated versions of her image or likeness.","causal_attribution":"The company's own statement, issued through its lawyer and quoted by both outlets; one origin."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'After she raised concerns, Victory Media and Fred’s offered her an addendum to her contract that would allow them to use artificial intelligence to create more advertisements.' and 'In response, George ended her work with Fred’s Appliance'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'the company attempted to introduce an \"AI Addendum\" to her contract, which she refused. She later ended her work with the companies.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"After George raised concerns, the companies proposed a contract addendum allowing AI use, which she refused, and she ended her work with the retailer.","causal_attribution":"George's account; KREM attributes the addendum to documents it saw."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'When they use AI, it diminishes my value as a spokeswoman. I can’t monitor or stop what words are coming out of my mouth.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"George said the AI use diminishes her value as a spokeswoman because she cannot control what words come out of her mouth.","causal_attribution":"George's own statement of the effect on her."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'who filed a lawsuit in Spokane Superior Court on Tuesday.' and 'Defendants have engaged in unlawful commercial exploitation of Ms. George’s exclusive property rights involving her past work' and 'The suit names Fred’s Appliance' and 'along with Liberty Lake-based Victory Media and' and 'who is the CEO of Victory Media.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'George is seeking damages in an amount to be decided at trial, along with an injunction to prevent the companies from continuing to use her likeness.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"George sued Fred's Appliance, Victory Media and its chief executive in Spokane Superior Court, alleging unauthorised commercial use of her voice and likeness and seeking damages and an injunction.","causal_attribution":"Both outlets report the filing and quote the complaint; the complaint itself was not read, and its allegations remain allegations."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'We proactively disclosed the AI-assisted voice edits' and 'Victory Media also noted that Fred's Appliance was unaware of the edits made.' and 'we offered to compensate our former spokesperson rather than engage in costly litigation. That offer was not accepted'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Lam issued a statement later Wednesday indicating that the parties could be close to settling the matter out of court.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Victory Media said it disclosed the edits when questions were raised, that Fred's Appliance was unaware of the edits, and that it offered compensation that George did not accept; its lawyer later said the parties could be close to settling.","causal_attribution":"The company's statements; George's side of the compensation offer is not reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"advertisements carried AI-edited words in the spokeswoman's voice without her consent, she says","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"spokeswoman ended her work with the retailer after refusing an AI contract addendum","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2026/jul/01/longtime-spokeswoman-sues-freds-appliance-over-use/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-12 from the publisher page (full article); no translation was needed and the research agent (an AI) read the text directly.","independence_group":"spokesman-review"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.krem.com/article/news/local/spokeswoman-freds-appliance-sues-company-ai/293-bf7aa1fd-0da0-403c-a363-7edf3101f558","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-12 from the MSN syndicated copy of the KREM article (assets.msn.com detail AA27mfrz, provider KREM-TV Spokane); no translation was needed and the research agent (an AI) read the text directly.","independence_group":"krem"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["work"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used and how many advertisements carried edited words; the company refers to a list of known instances that is not published.","The exact dates the edited advertisements aired; the Presidents' Day spot places the first in February 2026.","Whether the contract authorised the edits, which is the dispute before the court.","Whether George's claims that her image or likeness was altered by AI, beyond the voice, are supported; the company denies them.","Whether the case settled."],"geography":{"basis":"The advertisements were for Fred's Appliance, which has stores in Spokane, Spokane Valley, Coeur d'Alene, Kennewick and Montana, and were produced by Liberty Lake-based Victory Media; George worked for the retailer in that market. The suit is in Spokane Superior Court, Washington.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published on the production company's own acknowledgement, quoted by The Spokesman-Review and KREM, that it used AI-assisted voice editing to change existing advertisements voiced by George, together with her account that the edits put words she never spoke in her voice without her consent and that she ended her work after refusing an AI addendum. The AI-edited voice is the described output and her loss of control over her voice and work is the reported harm. Claims stay reported because they rest on George's account, her complaint and the company's statement.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-12"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Victory Media's statement, quoted by both outlets, acknowledges \"AI-assisted voice editing to make a limited number of updates to existing advertisements, primarily involving pricing and promotional changes\". George says the Presidents' Day advertisement used words in her voice that she never recorded (\"This is not my voice! These are words I never spoke.\"). The AI-edited voice is the output that presented her as saying words she had not said, and it is what her refusal of the AI addendum, the end of her work with the retailer and her lawsuit concern. The tool is not named, and the company denies any AI alteration of her image.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Spokane: an appliance retailer's longtime spokeswoman sues after its ad agency admits AI voice edits to her ads; she says she never consented","summary":"Amber George was the spokeswoman for Fred's Appliance, a Spokane-area retailer, for 14 years. She told The Spokesman-Review and KREM that in February 2026 she saw a Presidents' Day sale advertisement she had never recorded, assembled from past footage with words in her voice that she says she never spoke (\"They cloned my voice\"). Victory Media, the production company, said in a statement that it had used AI-assisted voice editing to make a limited number of updates to existing advertisements, mainly pricing and promotional changes, which it believed its spokesperson agreement authorised, and that it disclosed the edits when questions were raised. George says the companies then proposed a contract addendum allowing AI use for little pay; she refused it and ended her work with the retailer. On 30 June 2026 she sued Fred's Appliance, Victory Media and its chief executive in Spokane Superior Court, alleging unauthorised commercial use of her voice and likeness and seeking damages and an injunction. Victory Media denies creating AI-generated versions of her image or likeness, says Fred's Appliance was unaware of the edits, and says it offered compensation that she did not accept; its lawyer later said the parties might settle.","incidentDate":"2026-02-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-07-01","aiSystem":"Unnamed AI-assisted voice editing used by the production company Victory Media to change words in existing Fred's Appliance advertisements voiced by the spokeswoman","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"George says advertisements carried words in her voice that she never spoke and was never asked about, that the AI use diminishes her value as a spokeswoman because she cannot control what words come out of her mouth, and that she ended her 14-year work with the retailer after refusing an AI addendum. These are her own and her lawsuit's allegations; the companies say the edits were authorised by contract.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: Amber George, whose voice was edited in the advertisements and who brought the suit. Viewers of the advertisements are an audience and are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-WA","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"pending","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2026/jul/01/longtime-spokeswoman-sues-freds-appliance-over-use/","primarySourceLabel":"The Spokesman-Review, 1 July 2026: Longtime spokeswoman sues Fred's Appliance over use of AI likeness","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-12T03:13:14.78748+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-12T03:13:14.78748+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["voice-cloning","ai-voice-editing","advertising","spokesperson","consent","likeness","lawsuit","spokane","depicted-or-impersonated","institutional-use"]},{"id":"2023-sevilla-court-conviction-ai-nude-images-three-former-schoolmates-instagram-telegram-app","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"En una sentencia dictada el día 1 de octubre tras el acuerdo de conformidad alcanzado ese mismo día entre la Fiscalía de Criminalidad Informática de Sevilla, la acusación particular y las defensas, el juez condena a tres varones por tres delitos contra la integridad moral con la agravante de género","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"les impone a cada uno de ellos un total de nueve meses de cárcel y la prohibición de acceder a las aplicaciones Telegram, WhatsApp, Instagram y Discord por tiempo total de tres años y nueve meses","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"que ya es firme tras el acuerdo entre las partes","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Un juez de Sevilla ha condenado a tres hombres a nueve meses de cárcel y a casi cuatro años de prohibición de uso de las aplicaciones Telegram, WhatsApp, Instagram y Discord por desnudar a excompañeras de clase usando la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) y después distribuir las imágenes por Internet","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 1 October 2026 a judge of the criminal section of the Tribunal de Instancia de Sevilla, by conformity agreement, convicted three men of three offences against moral integrity with the gender aggravating factor and sentenced each to nine months in prison and a ban on Telegram, WhatsApp, Instagram and Discord for three years and nine months; the sentence is firm.","causal_attribution":"Directly established by the judiciary's official communication of the sentence; the press reports relay the same communication."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"decidieron obtener imágenes de los perfiles de Instagram” de tres jóvenes que habían sido compañeras de colegio y cuyas publicaciones en la red social estaban configuradas como abiertas y accesibles al público en general","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"manipular dichas imágenes con una aplicación de IA de Telegram “para obtener imágenes que simulaban, con gran realismo, los cuerpos íntegramente desnudos de las tres jóvenes”","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"fueron compartidos entre sí por los tres acusados y el menor de edad a través de la creación de un grupo específico de WhatsApp y de otro de Discord, realizando posteriormente una mayor difusión, más allá de los citados grupos y desconociéndose el alcance de las cadenas de reenvío","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Después usaron una app de IA de Telegram \"para obtener imágenes que simulaban, con gran realismo, los cuerpos íntegramente desnudos de las tres jóvenes\"","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The court found proven that the three men, in concert with a minor, obtained images from the open Instagram profiles of three young women who had been their schoolmates, manipulated them with an AI application on Telegram to simulate with great realism their fully naked bodies, and shared the files in a WhatsApp group and a Discord group, after which they spread further with unknown reach.","causal_attribution":"Facts the court declared proven in a conformity sentence, as quoted in the judiciary's official communication; the judgment text itself was not inspected."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"enviara sobre las 00,30 horas del día 10 de septiembre de 2023 al perfil de una de las jóvenes afectadas las imágenes manipuladas de las tres mujeres desnudas","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Una persona no identificada reenvió después las imágenes desde un perfil de Instagram: fue a las 00:30 horas del 10 de septiembre de 2023, al perfil de una de las afectadas","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"At about 00:30 on 10 September 2023 an unidentified person sent the manipulated nude images of the three women from an Instagram profile to the profile of one of the affected women.","causal_attribution":"Proven fact recorded in the sentence as quoted by the official communication and relayed by Moncloa.com."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"conceder a los tres encausados el beneficio de la suspensión del cumplimiento de la pena de prisión impuesta con la condición de que no cometan ningún delito en un plazo de dos años, la prohibición de acceder a las cuatro aplicaciones mencionadas durante el plazo de suspensión y la realización de un programa formativo en educación sexual","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"han procedido a ingresar en la cuenta de depósitos y consignaciones del órgano judicial la totalidad de las cantidades fijadas en concepto de responsabilidad civil, satisfaciendo de forma completa los importes reclamados en concepto de daño moral","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"El magistrado también aplica la atenuante analógica de confesión","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The prison terms were suspended for two years on condition of no new offence, the app ban and a sex-education programme, because the men have no criminal record, the term is under two years and they paid in full the civil liability fixed for moral damage; the court also applied the mitigating factor of confession.","causal_attribution":"Terms of the sentence as stated in the judiciary's official communication."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"ha dictado la primera sentencia condenatoria en Sevilla por el uso de una aplicación de inteligencia artificial (IA) para manipular imágenes de varias jóvenes y obtener, de este modo, imágenes que simulaban los cuerpos íntegramente desnudos de dichas mujeres","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"La sentencia, dictada el 1 de octubre y ya firme, es la primera de este tipo en la ciudad por manipulación de imágenes con IA","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"la primera condena en España por crear desnudos falsos con IA","relation":"context","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"The judiciary's Andalusian communication office described the sentence as the first conviction in Sevilla for using an AI application to manipulate images of young women to simulate nudity; one outlet's headline extends this to Spain, which the official release does not say.","causal_attribution":"Characterisation by the court system's communication office; the 'first in Spain' headline is Moncloa.com's own and is not supported by the official release."}],"effects":[{"label":"AI-made nude images of three young women, built from their public Instagram photos, were shared in WhatsApp and Discord groups and sent to one of them","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.poderjudicial.es/cgpj/es/Poder-Judicial/Tribunales-Superiores-de-Justicia/TSJ-Andalucia--Ceuta-y-Melilla/Noticias-Judiciales-TSJ-Andalucia--Ceuta-y-Melilla/Un-juez-dicta-la-primera-sentencia-condenatoria-en-Sevilla-por-el-uso-de-inteligencia-artificial-para-manipular-imagenes-de-varias-jovenes-y-simular-que-estaban-desnudas","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Spanish body read and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-09; no human translator or reviewer read the text. Official news release of the Poder Judicial (TSJ Andalucía communication office), dated Thursday 8 October 2026, summarising and quoting the sentence of 1 October 2026; HTTP 200, fetched directly.","independence_group":"tsja-communication-office-release-2026-10-08"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.publico.es/politica/tribunales/tres-condenados-desnudar-excompaneras-clase-ia-mandar-fotos-internet.amp.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Spanish body read and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-09; no human translator or reviewer read the text. EFE agency report published by Público on 8 October 2026 (AMP page, HTTP 200), citing TSJA sources and a communication; relays the official release.","independence_group":"tsja-communication-office-release-2026-10-08"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.elperiodicodearagon.com/sucesos/2026/10/08/sentencia-pionera-sevilla-tres-hombres-135143127.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Spanish body read and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-09; no human translator or reviewer read the text. El Periódico de Aragón report of 8 October 2026 (HTTP 200), crediting El Correo de Andalucía and the TSJA communication office; relays the official release.","independence_group":"tsja-communication-office-release-2026-10-08"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.moncloa.com/2026/10/08/sentencia-deepfake-sevilla-condena-ia-3444792/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Spanish body read and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-09; no human translator or reviewer read the text. Moncloa.com report of 8 October 2026 (HTTP 200) citing the resolution published by the CGPJ; its headline calls the sentence the first in Spain while its body says the first in the city, and only the latter matches the official release.","independence_group":"tsja-communication-office-release-2026-10-08"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["Where the images were made and shared and where the three women live; the sources name only the sentencing court, so the event and affected-person countries are left unknown.","When the images were created and how widely they spread; the court recorded that the reach of the forwarding chains is unknown, and the 10 September 2023 message to one woman is the only dated distribution.","The AI application used (only described as an AI application on Telegram), the ages of the three women at the time, and how the women experienced the images beyond the moral damages the court fixed.","The amounts of civil liability paid and what happened to the minor who took part; the official communication states neither.","Whether this is the first such conviction in Spain: the official release says first in Sevilla, and the judgment itself was not inspected."],"geography":{"basis":"The sentencing court is the Tribunal de Instancia de Sevilla, Spain (official communication, all press reports). No source says where the images were made or shared or where the three women live, so the event and affected-person countries are left unknown rather than inferred from the court's seat.","court_countries":["ES"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case on the judiciary's official communication of a firm criminal sentence: a Sevilla court found proven that three men manipulated public Instagram photographs of three former schoolmates with an AI application on Telegram into realistic nude images, shared them in WhatsApp and Discord groups, and that the images were sent to one of the women on 10 September 2023; each man was sentenced to nine months (suspended) and banned from four apps. The convicted men, the minor and the three women are unnamed in every source and in this record. The judgment text was not inspected and the event location is left unknown.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-09"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The judiciary's Andalusian communication office, publishing the sentence of 1 October 2026, states that the court found proven that the three men manipulated the women's Instagram photographs with an AI application on Telegram to obtain images that simulated, with great realism, their fully naked bodies, and that these files were shared in WhatsApp and Discord groups and sent to one of the women. The AI-generated nude images are the harm itself: they depict the three women (depicted_or_impersonated), their distribution is the conduct the court punished, and the court fixed moral damages for it. The application is not named, the judgment text was not inspected, and the account rests on the official communication and press reports relaying it.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Sevilla court: three men convicted of making AI nude images of three former schoolmates from Instagram photos and sharing them; nine months, firm 1 Oct 2026","summary":"A judge of the criminal section of the Tribunal de Instancia de Sevilla convicted three men on 1 October 2026, by a conformity agreement, of three offences against moral integrity with the gender aggravating factor. The court found proven that the three, acting with a minor, took photographs from the open Instagram profiles of three young women who had been their schoolmates, manipulated them with an AI application on Telegram to simulate, with great realism, the women's fully naked bodies, and shared the files in a WhatsApp group and a Discord group, after which they spread further; an unidentified person sent the manipulated images of all three to one of the women's Instagram profiles at about 00:30 on 10 September 2023. Each man received nine months in prison, suspended for two years on condition of no new offence, a ban on Telegram, WhatsApp, Instagram and Discord for three years and nine months and a sex-education programme; they paid the moral damages fixed by the court in full. The judiciary's Andalusian communication office published the sentence on 8 October 2026 and described it as the first conviction in Sevilla for this use of AI. The account rests on that official communication and on press reports relaying it; the judgment itself was not inspected.","incidentDate":"2023-09-10","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-10-08","aiSystem":"AI application on Telegram, not named, used according to the court's proven facts to manipulate Instagram photographs of three young women so that the images simulated their fully naked bodies","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The court found proven that realistic AI-made nude images of three young women, built from their public Instagram photographs, were shared in WhatsApp and Discord groups, spread further with unknown reach, and sent to one of the women's own Instagram profile on 10 September 2023; the court fixed moral damages, which the convicted men paid in full, and convicted them of offences against the women's moral integrity.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":3,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Three depicted women: the official communication speaks of three young women who had been schoolmates of the accused and of three offences against moral integrity, one per woman. The men used the tool against others, so participant_users_affected_min is 0. Recipients of the images are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"ES","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.poderjudicial.es/cgpj/es/Poder-Judicial/Tribunales-Superiores-de-Justicia/TSJ-Andalucia--Ceuta-y-Melilla/Noticias-Judiciales-TSJ-Andalucia--Ceuta-y-Melilla/Un-juez-dicta-la-primera-sentencia-condenatoria-en-Sevilla-por-el-uso-de-inteligencia-artificial-para-manipular-imagenes-de-varias-jovenes-y-simular-que-estaban-desnudas","primarySourceLabel":"Poder Judicial (TSJ Andalucía), 8 Oct 2026: first conviction in Sevilla for using AI to manipulate images of young women to simulate nudity","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-09T03:29:00.303654+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-09T03:29:00.303654+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","non_consensual_intimate_imagery","telegram","instagram","discord","criminal_conviction","spain","court_ruling"]},{"id":"2025-albania-actress-image-voice-used-for-government-ai-minister-diella","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Diella was appointed as Albania’s first AI-powered minister on Sept. 11, 2025","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"It previously existed, with the same image and voice, as a digital assistant on the state’s e-Albania digital services portal.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"Albania introduced what it called the world’s first artificial intelligence minister last year.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Albania's government presented Diella as an AI-generated minister for public procurement on 11 September 2025 (the date is given by Anadolu Agency). Diella had previously existed with the same image and voice as a digital assistant on the e-Albania portal.","causal_attribution":"Descriptive of the government's deployment; no causal claim."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Albanian actor Anila Bisha says those belong to her","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Bisha acknowledged she had signed a contract agreeing that her voice and image can be used for the government's online platform e-Albania","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"But she said she was never told of any plans to use them for an AI minister.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"I have nothing to do with Diella as minister and no one asked me about that","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"She says she was neither consulted nor offered a new agreement when the digital character was elevated to ministerial status.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Anila Bisha says the face and voice of the AI minister are hers and that she was not consulted before the assistant was elevated to the ministerial role. She acknowledges a contract permitting use for the e-Albania platform.","causal_attribution":"The sources report the connection between the AI-generated content and the reported consequence; no court or independent finding of causation was inspected."},{"id":"c3","status":"disputed","evidence":[{"locator":"according to the contract I have, I have only signed for the use of my image as a digital assistant at e-Albania and not as a minister","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"In our view this lawsuit is nonsense, but we welcome the opportunity to solve it once and for all in a court of law","relation":"contradicts","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"The Albanian government did not immediately respond to a request for comment.","relation":"context","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The scope of the contract is disputed. Bisha says it covers only the e-Albania digital-assistant use. The government-run Media and Information Agency rejected her claims and called the lawsuit nonsense; the inspected sources do not report the agency's position on the contract text.","causal_attribution":"Contract interpretation is unresolved in the inspected sources; the contract text was not inspected."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Anila Bisha petitioned Tirana Administrative Court of First Instance to impose an interim measure suspending the use of her personal data","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"effectively deprives her of control over her own voice and image","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"are causing her \"great, immediate and irreversible damage.\" The court has not yet issued a ruling on the suspension request.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"Bisha filed a formal request through an administrative court in Albania this week demanding the government immediately stop using her voice and image for Diella.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In February 2026 Bisha asked the Tirana Administrative Court of First Instance for an interim measure to stop the use of her image and voice for the AI minister. The request says the use deprives her of control over her voice and image and causes her great, immediate and irreversible damage. The court had not ruled when Anadolu Agency reported.","causal_attribution":"The filing's contents are reported by news outlets citing Albanian media reports of court documents; the filing itself was not inspected."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Bisha said she had tried to contact the government multiple times since the AI minister became part of the Albanian Cabinet last September.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"She said she feels her image is now used as a political statement.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Bisha says she tried several times to contact the government after the AI minister joined the Cabinet, received no response to a request for a meeting, and feels her image is used as a political statement.","causal_attribution":"Statements by the affected person to a wire reporter."}],"effects":[{"label":"Reported loss of control over the affected person's image and voice through use in a government AI avatar without consultation","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"},{"label":"Reported harm stated in the interim-relief request and interview","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.nbcnews.com/world/europe/albania-artificial-intelligence-government-minister-diella-actor-bisha-rcna258727","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"ap-via-nbc"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://balkaninsight.com/2026/02/13/actress-sues-albanian-govt-for-using-her-image-for-ai-minister/bi/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"birn"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/albanias-ai-minister-diella-faces-lawsuit-as-actress-seeks-court-order-to-halt-use-of-image-voice/3828507","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"anadolu-albanian-media-court-documents"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.tiranatimes.com/albanias-ai-minister-diella-sued-by-actor-over-image-use/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"birn"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["public_services","privacy"],"unknowns":["The contract, the court filing and any court ruling were not inspected. The outcome of the interim-measure request is unknown.","Sources differ on whether a full lawsuit had been filed by mid-February 2026: AP says her representatives plan one, while Anadolu, BIRN and Tirana Times say she filed or is suing. BIRN names the Council of Ministers, a state-owned company, the National Agency of Information and the Prime Minister as defendants.","Reports do not state whether the avatar's voice is synthetic or how the image and voice were processed.","The date on which the government first used the face and voice as a digital assistant on e-Albania is not stated in the inspected sources and is outside the disputed use, which Bisha says began with the ministerial role.","A France 24 feature (26 February 2026) returned HTTP 403 and was not read. Albanian-language reporting cited by Anadolu Agency (News24, BalkanWeb) was not inspected.","The euro damages figure that appeared in a search summary was not found in any inspected body and is not stated in this record. AP reports only that her representatives plan a formal lawsuit for damages and compensation."],"geography":{"basis":"Reports describe an Albanian actress, the Albanian government's e-Albania portal and Cabinet, and a filing at the Tirana Administrative Court of First Instance.","court_countries":["AL"],"event_countries":["AL"],"affected_person_countries":["AL"]},"publication":{"basis":"Three news chains (AP via NBC, BIRN with a Tirana Times rewrite, Anadolu Agency) report the affected person's statements and the reported filing. The subject is a named public actress who discussed the matter with reporters. The government disputes the claims. Statements of harm and contract scope are reported allegations and no ruling is established.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Three news chains describe Diella as an AI-generated government minister (AA, BIRN, AP via NBC). The reports state that the avatar uses the affected person's image and voice. They do not state how the voice was produced.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Albanian actress Anila Bisha disputes government use of her image and voice for AI minister Diella","summary":"Albania's government presented an AI-generated public-procurement \"minister\" named Diella in September 2025. Actress Anila Bisha says the avatar's face and voice are hers. She says her contract covered use as a digital assistant on the e-Albania services portal and that she was never asked about the ministerial role. In February 2026 she asked the Tirana Administrative Court of First Instance for an interim measure to stop the use of her image and voice, and her representatives said they plan a formal lawsuit for damages. The government's media agency called the lawsuit nonsense. Anadolu Agency reported on 12 February 2026 that the court had not ruled on the request.","incidentDate":"2025-09-11","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-02-12","aiSystem":"Diella (government AI-generated avatar)","aiProduct":"Diella","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["loss_of_autonomy"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Anila Bisha says the government's reuse of her image and voice for the AI minister deprives her of control over them, that no one asked her, that she feels the image is now used as a political statement, and that her filing describes \"great, immediate and irreversible damage\". These are her statements and the reported contents of her filing. The government rejects the claims and no court has ruled.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"One named public actress who is the subject of the avatar's face and voice and who filed the legal request. No other person is reported harmed.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"other","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.nbcnews.com/world/europe/albania-artificial-intelligence-government-minister-diella-actor-bisha-rcna258727","primarySourceLabel":"AP via NBC News: Actor takes legal action to stop Albania's government from using her image for 'AI minister'","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T13:29:30.826624+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:16:55.477695+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["historical-2025"]},{"id":"2026-doe-v-xai-grok-abuse-survivor-known-series-images","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Using pre-existing and known CSAM involving Plaintiff, Grok generated new CSAM,'; 'xAI, using Grok, has generated images depicting Plaintiff and the child pornography'; 'The Canadian Centre for Child Protection has identified AI-generated CSAM on xAI'; '(hereinafter, “NCMEC”) in the early 2000s'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'attorneys for the plaintiff stated that the Canadian Centre for Child Protection used images’ fingerprints to identify AI-generated CSAM on X that depicted their client.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'that Grok generated new sexually explicit images of her likeness'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'It also claims “xAI, using Grok, has generated images depicting Plaintiff and the child pornography series in which she is the victim.”'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges that Grok generated new child sexual abuse images depicting the plaintiff, an adult survivor whose childhood abuse was recorded in a known image series identified by NCMEC in the early 2000s, and that the Canadian Centre for Child Protection has identified AI-generated abuse images of her on xAI's service.","causal_attribution":"Alleged by the plaintiff. The complaint does not say when the images were generated, who prompted them, or how many there were; no court has ruled on the allegations and xAI has not responded publicly."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'CSAM depicting Plaintiff with its longstanding well-known hash values has been used'; 'as a part of the dataset used by xAI.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'The complaint alleges that same material was part of the dataset xAI used to build Grok’s image and video generating capabilities'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges that the known abuse images of the plaintiff, with their long-established hash values, were part of the dataset xAI used for Grok.","causal_attribution":"Allegation about training data; the complaint does not describe how this was established."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Each time Grok created new CSAM concerning Plaintiff, Grok caused her a new'; 'compounding the already extensive harm Plaintiff suffered.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Our client has lived for nearly two decades knowing that images of the worst thing that ever happened to her are circulating among predators online, and that they can resurface at any moment,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The complaint says each new image Grok created or re-published of the plaintiff caused her a new personal injury, compounding the harm she already suffered from the circulation of her abuse images; her counsel says she has lived for nearly two decades knowing the images circulate and can resurface at any moment.","causal_attribution":"The plaintiff's and counsel's characterization of her injury; no specific symptoms or consequences are described."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Filed 08/26/26'; 'Plaintiff seeks relief under the federal cause of action known as “Masha’s Law,”'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Date Filed: Aug. 26, 2026'; 'Sep 22, 2026'; 'Order Relating Case'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The plaintiff filed the proposed nationwide class action against X.AI Corp. and X.AI LLC on 26 August 2026 in the Northern District of California, under Masha's Law (18 U.S.C. § 2255) and 18 U.S.C. § 2252A(f); an order relating the case was entered on 22 September 2026.","causal_attribution":"Procedural record only."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Neither xAI nor SpaceX, which acquired the company in February, returned requests for comment regarding the lawsuit.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'On Jan. 14, after the period tracked by the center, Musk wrote on X that he was “not aware of any naked underage images of Grok. Literally zero.”'","relation":"context","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"Neither xAI nor SpaceX, which acquired xAI in February 2026, responded to the Guardian's request for comment; Musk had written on X on 14 January 2026 that he was not aware of any naked underage images generated by Grok.","causal_attribution":"Response record; Musk's statement is general and does not address this plaintiff."}],"effects":[{"label":"Grok allegedly generated new sexual-abuse images depicting an identified adult survivor of childhood abuse, from her known abuse image series","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"the survivor says each new image caused her a new injury on top of two decades of her abuse images circulating","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.477196/gov.uscourts.cand.477196.1.0_1.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Class Action Complaint, Doe 1 v. X.AI Corp., No. 5:26-cv-09016 (N.D. Cal., San Jose), ECF 1, filed 26 August 2026; RECAP PDF (23 pages) read in full on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200). The plaintiff's allegations, not findings; several key facts are pleaded without dates.","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/74706848/doe-1-v-xai-corp/","kind":"court_docket","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CourtListener docket read newest-first on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200; last known filing 28 Sept 2026). Procedural facts only; the 22 September order relating the case was not read.","independence_group":"ndcal-court-record"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://girardsharp.com/child-sexual-abuse-survivor-files-class-action-against-xai-alleging-grok-was-trained-on-her-abuse-material-and-generated-new-csam/","kind":"press_release","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Plaintiff's counsel Girard Sharp press release, 27 August 2026, read live on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200).","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.irishexaminer.com/world/arid-41906197.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"The Guardian's report by Nick Robins-Early (3 September 2026), read in the Irish Examiner's syndicated copy credited to The Guardian on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200); the theguardian.com URL was not located. It relays the complaint and interviews plaintiff's counsel.","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://cyberscoop.com/xai-grok-csam-class-action-lawsuit/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CyberScoop, Derek B. Johnson, 27 August 2026, read live on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200). Relays the complaint; its paraphrase that the hash values 'have shown up in deepfakes created with Grok and spread on X' is broader than the complaint's wording and is not relied on.","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy"],"unknowns":["When the images of the plaintiff were generated or posted, how many there were, and who prompted them.","Whether the Canadian Centre for Child Protection's identification has been confirmed by any source other than the plaintiff's filing and counsel.","The plaintiff's country of residence.","xAI's response to the allegations."],"geography":{"basis":"The complaint says only that the plaintiff resides outside California; her country and where the images were generated or posted are not stated. The case is in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a concrete adverse account of an identified person depicted in AI-generated abuse images, resting on the plaintiff's federal complaint, counsel's statements and news reports relaying them. All facts about Grok's role are allegations; nothing identifying the plaintiff and no description of the images is recorded.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaint alleges Grok generated the images and that the Canadian Centre for Child Protection identified AI-generated images of her on xAI's service; counsel told the Guardian the identification used the series' hash fingerprints. No independent confirmation of the identification or of which prompts produced the images was inspected.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Doe 1 v. xAI: an adult survivor of childhood sexual abuse alleges Grok generated new abuse images of her from her known, hashed abuse series, which she says xAI used as training data","summary":"A survivor who was sexually abused as a preschool-aged child and now sues individually under the pseudonym Jane Doe 1, and whose abuse images have circulated online since the early 2000s as a series known to NCMEC, sued xAI on 26 August 2026 in the Northern District of California. Her complaint alleges that those known images were part of the dataset xAI used for Grok and that Grok generated new abuse images depicting her; her lawyers say the Canadian Centre for Child Protection used the series' hash fingerprints to identify AI-generated images of her on X. The complaint says each new image caused her a new injury. It seeks damages under Masha's Law for a proposed class of people whose childhood images Grok altered into abuse material. The complaint does not say when the images of her were made or who prompted them. xAI did not respond to requests for comment, and no court has ruled on the allegations.","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-08-26","aiSystem":"Grok image generation on X and xAI's services (the complaint does not identify the specific tool or model version used for the images of the plaintiff)","aiProduct":"Grok","aiCompany":"xAI (X.AI Corp. and X.AI LLC; acquired by SpaceX in February 2026)","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The plaintiff alleges that Grok generated new abuse images depicting her from her known childhood abuse series and that each new image caused her a new injury; her counsel describes two decades of living with the images' circulation (the plaintiff's complaint and counsel; no court finding).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"The named plaintiff (1 person depicted). The proposed class of 'at least thousands' is counsel's estimate of class membership and is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_ongoing","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.477196/gov.uscourts.cand.477196.1.0_1.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Class Action Complaint, Doe 1 v. X.AI Corp., No. 5:26-cv-09016 (N.D. Cal.), filed 26 August 2026","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T09:04:05.310491+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:35.914162+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["xai","grok","csam","image-generation","training-data","masha's-law","class-action","survivor","depicted"]},{"id":"2026-logrono-14-year-old-ai-deepfakes-nine-classmates-porn-site","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'La Guardia Civil investiga a un joven de 14 años de Logroño como presunto autor de los delitos de descubrimiento y revelación de secretos, corrupción de menores y pornografía infantil.'; 'imágenes falsas de contenido sexual que afectaron a nueve compañeras de clase, todas ellas menores de edad.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'La Guardia Civil investiga a un joven de 14 años de Logroño como presunto autor de los delitos de descubrimiento y revelación de secretos, corrupción de menores y pornografía infantil.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'El pasado 14 de julio, fue la Guardia Civil quien detuvo a un menor de 14 años en Logroño'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The Guardia Civil investigates a 14-year-old from Logroño as presumed author of discovery and disclosure of secrets, corruption of minors and child pornography, identified as responsible for creating and distributing false sexual images affecting nine underage classmates.","causal_attribution":"Guardia Civil release; Diario de León describes a detention where the release describes an investigation."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'obtuvo las fotografías de sus compañeras sin su consentimiento, accediendo al contenido público de sus perfiles. Posteriormente, utilizó herramientas de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) para manipularlas, desnudarlas digitalmente y sexualizarlas.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'manipular las imágenes, desnudarlas digitalmente y sexualizarlas'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"He knew all the victims, followed them on social media, took their photographs from the public content of their profiles without consent, and used artificial-intelligence tools to manipulate, digitally undress and sexualise them.","causal_attribution":"Guardia Civil account of the method."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'el menor lo subió a una página web de pornografía para adultos.'; 'Subo chicas de mi insti hechas con IA'; 'organizó el material en carpetas individuales con datos personales de cada víctima.'; 'las imágenes falsas ya habían alcanzado cerca de 40.000 visualizaciones'; 'Esta acción facilitó el reconocimiento de las menores y multiplicó el daño emocional y social sufrido por las víctimas.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'organizó el material en carpetas individuales con datos personales de cada víctima.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Alcanzaron cerca de 40.000 visualizaciones antes de ser retiradas.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"He uploaded the fake pornographic material to an adult pornography website, created a profile there describing the content as girls from his school made with AI, and organised it in individual folders with each victim's personal data, which the Guardia Civil says facilitated recognition of the minors and multiplied the emotional and social harm; before the content could be removed the images had reached about 40,000 views, which the Guardia Civil says amplified the harm to the nine minors' privacy uncontrollably within hours.","causal_attribution":"Guardia Civil account; the emotional and social harm is the Guardia Civil's characterisation, no victim statement inspected."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Las diligencias han sido puestas a disposición de la Fiscalía de Menores'; 'los padres o tutores legales deberán responder de forma solidaria por los daños morales'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'es la Fiscalía de Menores la que asume este tipo de diligencias'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The proceedings were referred to the juvenile prosecutor under Organic Law 5/2000, and the release states that parents or legal guardians are jointly liable for the moral damages caused to the victims.","causal_attribution":"Guardia Civil release."}],"effects":[{"label":"nine underage girls depicted naked and sexualised in AI-manipulated images published on a pornography site with their personal data; about 40,000 views before removal","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.interior.gob.es/opencms/va/detalle/articulo/Investigado-un-menor-por-crear-y-difundir-deepfakes-pornograficos-de-nueve-companeras-de-instituto/","kind":"official_release","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read on 2026-09-23 through the r.jina.ai reader proxy (the live page returned 403); Interior Ministry press page carrying the Guardia Civil release of 14 July 2026. Translated by the reviewer.","independence_group":"guardia-civil"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.extremadura7dias.com/index.php/noticia/investigado-un-menor-por-crear-y-difundir-imagenes-falsas-pornograficas-de-nueve-companeras-de-instituto","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-23 (Extremadura7días, 14 July 2026): verbatim reproduction of the Guardia Civil release. Same chain as s1.","independence_group":"guardia-civil"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.diariodeleon.es/sociedad/260726/2092358/badajoz-ultimo-caso-logrono-menores-investigados-ia-desnudar-companeras-clase.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read live on 2026-09-23 (Europa Press agency piece carried by Diario de León, 26 July 2026, JSON-LD body): the Logroño case summarised from the Guardia Civil account, with earlier Spanish school cases as context; dates a detention to 14 July where the release says investigated.","independence_group":"guardia-civil"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education","everyday_life","privacy"],"unknowns":["When the images were made and uploaded; the release gives no dates.","The AI tools and the pornography website used.","Whether the minor was detained (Europa Press via Diario de León dates a detention to 14 July, the release date, while also calling him investigado) or only investigated (the release, which gives no date for the identification or any event).","What the juvenile prosecutor decided and whether the victims received support.","Whether all copies were removed."],"geography":{"basis":"The investigated minor is from Logroño and the victims are his classmates (Guardia Civil release: un joven de 14 años de Logroño; compañeras de clase). The proceedings went to the juvenile prosecutor (Fiscalía de Menores), which is not a court; no court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["ES"],"affected_person_countries":["ES"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case affecting nine minors, documented by an official Guardia Civil release carried by national and regional outlets; single reporting chain, so every claim is recorded as reported. No victim, school or perpetrator is named; the perpetrator is a minor and the event date is unknown.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-23"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Guardia Civil states that the minor used artificial-intelligence tools to manipulate, digitally undress and sexualise the photographs; the tools are not named and no independent account was inspected.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Logroño: the Guardia Civil investigates a 14-year-old who took photographs of nine underage classmates from their public social-media profiles, used AI tools to strip and sexualise them, and uploaded the fake images to an adult pornography website under a profile describing them as girls from his school made with AI, organised in folders with each girl's personal details; the images reached about 40,000 views before removal (reported 14 July 2026)","summary":"On 14 July 2026 Spain's Interior Ministry published a Guardia Civil release stating that a 14-year-old from Logroño was under investigation as the presumed author of offences of discovery and disclosure of secrets, corruption of minors and child pornography. Investigators from the technology investigation team (EDITE) and Equipo@ found that he knew all nine victims, all minors and classmates, followed them on social media, took their photographs from the public content of their profiles without consent, and used artificial-intelligence tools to manipulate the images, digitally undress and sexualise them. He uploaded the fake pornographic material to an adult pornography website, created a profile there describing the content as girls from his school made with AI, and organised it in individual folders with each victim's personal data, which the Guardia Civil says made the girls recognisable and multiplied the emotional and social harm. Before the content could be removed it had reached about 40,000 views, amplifying the harm to the nine girls' privacy within hours. The proceedings were passed to the juvenile prosecutor under the juvenile criminal responsibility law; the release notes that parents or guardians are jointly liable for moral damages. Diario de León (Europa Press, 26 July) placed the case in a series of Spanish school cases since Almendralejo in 2023 and, unlike the release, described the minor as having been arrested.","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-07-14","aiSystem":"AI image-manipulation ('undressing') tools; not named in the Guardia Civil release","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Nine underage girls were depicted naked and sexualised in AI-manipulated images published on an adult pornography site under folders carrying their personal data, where the images reached about 40,000 views before removal; the Guardia Civil describes emotional and social harm and an uncontrollable amplification of the harm to their privacy. Attribution rests on the Guardia Civil release; no victim statement was inspected.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":9,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Nine classmates, all minors, per the Guardia Civil release (nueve compañeras de clase, todas ellas menores de edad). Exact 9. The 40,000 figure is views, not people, and is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"ES","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.interior.gob.es/opencms/va/detalle/articulo/Investigado-un-menor-por-crear-y-difundir-deepfakes-pornograficos-de-nueve-companeras-de-instituto/","primarySourceLabel":"Ministerio del Interior / Guardia Civil, 14 July 2026: Investigado un menor por crear y difundir deepfakes pornográficos de nueve compañeras de instituto","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-23T03:45:55.439996+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:44.638705+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","spain","la-rioja","logrono","minors","school","non-consensual-images","guardia-civil","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-jiashan-zhejiang-doubao-burial-date-lawsuit","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'今年4月17日，他接到家里人的消息，说母亲突发疾病过世'; '当时家里人请了一个风水先生，算出来4月20日是“黄道吉日”'; '软件的问答记录显示，史先生当时提问：“妈妈今天去世，什么时候安葬最合适？”'; '“豆包”回答，按照当地习俗和黄历吉日，最稳妥的推荐是4月19日'; '我就把“豆包”的话说给他们听'; '那么他们就相信了，就照办了'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'今年4月17日，史先生母亲去世后，为选择下葬日期，他向豆包询问“黄道吉日”。史先生称，豆包首次回答推荐4月19日'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"After his mother died suddenly on 17 April 2026, the man asked Doubao when she should be buried, having objected to a feng-shui master's choice of 20 April; Doubao's recorded answer recommended 19 April as the safest choice under local custom and the almanac, and he persuaded his family to follow it.","causal_attribution":"The plaintiff's account and the chat records shown by the Jiaxing broadcaster."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'“豆包”回答7点到9点，不过这次的答案跟上次的答案有点不一样，“豆包”的回答中提到，4月19日不是黄道吉日'; '他又问了好几遍，“豆包”给出的答复是19日不是下葬的“黄道吉日”'; '亲戚朋友已经通知，改日期已经来不及'; '丧事办好不久，家里就有亲戚出交通事故，受伤严重。家里人有怨言，说是母亲安葬日子不对，破坏了风水'; '记者：家里亲戚有怪你的嘛？'; '肯定怪啊，他们说是不是日子被我改了'; '也让家庭关系变得紧张'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'等相关事情都安排妥当后，史先生再次询问豆包时，其称19日不是“黄道吉日”，可此时已不便再更改日期'; '家里人对于史先生的安排产生怨言，认为其选择安葬母亲的日子不对，破坏了风水'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"When he later asked what hour was suitable, Doubao answered 7 to 9 o'clock but said 19 April was not an auspicious day, and repeated that when asked again; relatives had already been notified, so the burial went ahead on 19 April. After a relative was seriously injured in a traffic accident, family members blamed the burial date and him, and family relations became tense.","causal_attribution":"The contradictory answers are shown in the chat records; the link between the burial date and the relative's accident is the family's belief, which the reports and the quoted lawyers treat as unsupported."},{"id":"c3","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'“豆包”软件和服务生成的内容仅供参考，不作为专业建议。涉及产生重大影响的情形，建议咨询相关专业人士'; '所带来的后果和责任均由用户自行承担'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'华商报大风新闻记者看到，豆包App《用户协议》中注明：“本软件及服务生成的内容仅供参考，你不得将输出的内容作为专业建议'; '本软件的输出不应成为你进一步作为或者不作为的依据'; '用户协议中“后果由用户自行承担”等条款属于格式条款'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'目前，豆包对话界面上方也标注“AI生成可能有误，注意核实”'","relation":"context","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Doubao's user agreement states that generated content is for reference only and not professional advice, that users should consult professionals on matters of major impact, and that the output should not be the basis for action or inaction; it also contains a clause placing the consequences of acting on outputs on the user.","causal_attribution":"Quoted from the agreement by the broadcaster and read in the app by Huashang Daily's reporter."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'向“豆包”软件的公司投诉，没有收到回复，于是他决定起诉对方。“豆包”还帮史先生写了一份起诉状'; '这起案件嘉善县人民法院已经开庭审理。庭审中，“豆包”公司一方认为不存在网络侵权行为，软件服务过程中不存在任何过错'; '诉求就是赔礼道歉，赔损失'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'该案件已于9月3日在浙江省嘉善县人民法院开庭审理，案由为网络侵权责任纠纷'; '天眼查信息显示，豆包运营主体为北京春田知韵科技有限公司'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'9月3日，该案在嘉善县人民法院开庭审理，案由为网络侵权责任纠纷，被告为豆包运营方某公司'; '虽目前尚未宣判'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"His complaint to the operator went unanswered; he sued Beijing Chuntian Zhiyun Technology for an apology and compensation, saying Doubao drafted the complaint; Jiashan County People's Court heard the case on 3 September 2026 as a network-tort liability dispute, the company denied any tort or fault, and no judgment had been reported.","causal_attribution":"Hearing date and cause of action per Sohu, per Tianyancha as cited by The Paper, and per Huashang Daily; the parties' positions as relayed from the Jiaxing report."}],"effects":[{"label":"a burial date chosen on the chatbot's recommendation, then contradicted by the chatbot too late to change; family blame and strained relations after a relative's accident","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"an unanswered complaint and a lawsuit against the app's operator, heard 3 September 2026 with no judgment reported","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://news.sina.com.cn/s/2026-09-16/doc-inirykpk3180879.shtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-09-21 (Sina News, published 2026-09-16 03:03, live). Credited to Xinhua Daily; carries the Jiaxing Media Centre 'Xiaoxin Shuoshi' report of 15 September with the interview transcript, the chat records and the lawyer's comment. Translated by the reviewer; the plaintiff's surname is elided from the record.","independence_group":"jiaxing-media"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://k.sina.com.cn/article_5953740931_162dee08306703zmok.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-09-21 (Huashang Daily 'Dafeng News' legal weekly via Sina, published 2026-09-21 10:34, live). Summarises the case 'according to media reports', reports the 3 September hearing, and its own reporter read the Doubao app's user agreement; adds a lawyer's analysis. Translated by the reviewer.","independence_group":"huashang-daily"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://m.sohu.com/a/1077957190_122045489","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-09-21 (Sohu, published 2026-09-18 21:33, live). Relays the Jiaxing report and adds Tianyancha company details, the 3 September hearing and the May 2026 refund lawsuit. Translated by the reviewer.","independence_group":"jiaxing-media"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://finance.sina.cn/2026-09-16/detail-iniryzkw6682430.d.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-09-21 (Labour Daily relay on Sina Finance, published 2026-09-16 14:21, live). Same Jiaxing account in summary form. Translated by the reviewer.","independence_group":"jiaxing-media"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_34093004","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-09-21 (The Paper, a Pengpai-hao post by China City News, published 2026-09-18 00:15, live). Relays the Jiaxing report, cites Tianyancha for the 3 September hearing and adds a lawyer's comment and the June 2026 Douyin statement on AI answers. Translated by the reviewer.","independence_group":"jiaxing-media"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.scmp.com/news/people-culture/trending-china/article/3368136/chinese-man-sues-ai-firm-after-chatbots-auspicious-date-suggestion-leads-disaster","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-21 from the JSON-LD article body of the saved page (South China Morning Post, published 20 September 2026 10:21, live; a Jimu News relay). Consistent with the Chinese accounts; no case fact rests on it. Context only.","independence_group":"jiaxing-media"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["everyday_life","relationships","justice"],"unknowns":["The date and circumstances of the relative's traffic accident and the relative's identity are not reported; no report connects the accident to the burial date other than the family's belief.","The amount of compensation claimed is not disclosed.","No judgment or later hearing had been reported by 21 September 2026.","Whether the user's complaint reached the operator and why it went unanswered is not reported.","The case facts come from one reporting chain (the Jiaxing municipal broadcaster and its relays); the operator has not commented publicly beyond its position at the hearing."],"geography":{"basis":"The plaintiff lives in Jiashan county, Zhejiang, and the funeral was in his home town of Shuyang, Jiangsu (Huashang Daily: his mother died in his home town; the Jiaxing broadcaster via Sina gives the home town as Shuyang); the case is before Jiashan County People's Court, Zhejiang (Sohu citing Tianyancha; Huashang Daily).","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":["CN"],"affected_person_countries":["CN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a failure of ordinary assistance with a reported adverse experience: a consequential family decision made on a chatbot's contradictory advice, followed by family blame and a lawsuit. Five Chinese bodies and one English relay read in full; the case facts rest on one reporting chain and are recorded as reported; the relative's accident is recorded as the family's attribution, not as a consequence of the AI advice. The plaintiff is identified only by a surname in the reports and is not named here.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-21"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Doubao's question-and-answer records, shown in the Jiaxing report and described by every relay, recommend 19 April and later state that 19 April is not an auspicious day; the plaintiff also says Doubao drafted his complaint. No inspected report records the operator disputing the chat records; its reported position at the hearing was that there was no tort and no fault in its service.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Jiashan, Zhejiang: a man chose his mother's burial date on Doubao's recommendation, the chatbot then contradicted itself, and after a relative's road accident his family blamed the date; he sued the app's operator for an apology and damages","summary":"A man living in Jiashan county, Zhejiang, whose mother died suddenly on 17 April 2026, asked the ByteDance chatbot Doubao which day was auspicious for her burial after disagreeing with a feng-shui master's choice of 20 April; Doubao recommended 19 April and he persuaded his family to follow it. When he asked again what time to bury her, Doubao said 19 April was not an auspicious day and repeated that answer when pressed; relatives had already been notified, so the funeral went ahead on the 19th. Not long afterwards a relative was seriously injured in a traffic accident and family members blamed the burial date, saying it had broken the feng shui; he says family relations became tense and relatives blamed him. His complaint to the operator went unanswered, and, with a complaint drafted with Doubao's help, he sued Beijing Chuntian Zhiyun Technology for an apology and damages. Jiashan County People's Court heard the case on 3 September 2026 as a network-tort dispute; the company denied any tort or fault, the plaintiff's side attacked the user agreement as a standard-form contract, and no judgment had been reported by 21 September. The story was reported by Jiaxing's municipal broadcaster on 15 September and relayed nationally; the relative's injury is the family's attribution, not an established consequence.","incidentDate":"2026-04-17","incidentEndDate":"2026-04-19","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-09-15","aiSystem":"Doubao (豆包), ByteDance's consumer chatbot app","aiProduct":"Doubao","aiCompany":"Beijing Chuntian Zhiyun Technology Co., Ltd. (Doubao operator; a ByteDance/Douyin subsidiary per Tianyancha as relayed by Sohu and The Paper)","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["relationship_disruption","impaired_judgment"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The man relied on Doubao's recommendation for a consequential family decision and was left, after the app reversed itself too late to change the date, with a burial on a day his family considers inauspicious; relatives blamed him after a relative's later traffic accident and family relations became tense (his account to the Jiaxing broadcaster). The accident itself is the family's superstition-based attribution and is not treated here as a consequence of the AI advice.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the Doubao user who made the burial decision and reports family blame and tension (all inspected reports). The injured relative is not counted: the reports give no basis for connecting the traffic accident to the AI advice. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_ongoing","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://news.sina.com.cn/s/2026-09-16/doc-inirykpk3180879.shtml","primarySourceLabel":"Sina News, 16 September 2026, relaying Jiaxing Media Centre's 'Xiaoxin Shuoshi' of 15 September: interview transcript with the plaintiff, the Doubao chat records and the lawyer's comment","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-21T04:11:21.856829+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:42.015154+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["doubao","bytedance","everyday-assistance","contradictory-answers","funeral","lawsuit","china","zhejiang","jiashan","family-conflict"]},{"id":"2024-zurich-oerlikon-daycare-stabbing-chatgpt-planning","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'Ein Knabe wird von der 8,5 Zentimeter langen Klinge am Hals und am Oberkörper lebensgefährlich verletzt'; 'Den einen der beiden trifft der Täter am Herzen: Der Herzbeutel und die Brustschlagader werden durchtrennt'; 'Der andere wird an der Lunge und am Ohr verletzt'; 'Sie stoppt den Täter, schreit ihn an und hält seine Arme fest, bis er das Messer fallen lässt'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Zwei Knaben erlitten lebensgefährliche Stichverletzungen im Hals- und Brustbereich. Ein weiteres Kind wurde an der Schulter und am Ohr verletzt.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Am 01. Oktober 2024 verletzte eine männliche Person an der Berninastrasse in Oerlikon mit einer Stichwaffe mehrere Kinder.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"On 1 October 2024 at midday in Zurich-Oerlikon the accused stabbed three five-year-old boys who were walking with a daycare worker to their Hort; two suffered life-threatening neck and chest wounds and the third was wounded in the ear and the shoulder or lung; the daycare worker restrained him until he dropped the knife.","causal_attribution":"Attack attributed to the accused by the prosecutor's office and the court; he confessed."},{"id":"c2","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'Mit Chat-GPT diskutiert er verschiedene Tötungsvarianten und deren Konsequenzen, das geht aus der Anklageschrift hervor.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'recherchierte mittels ChatGPT die juristischen Konsequenzen von Tötungsdelikten'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Selon l'acte d'accusation, il s'était informé avec ChatGPT, en août 2024, à propos des conséquences juridiques d'homicides à l'arme blanche sur des victimes visées au hasard ou encore au sujet de l'anatomie du corps humain.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"According to the indictment and the court, the accused used ChatGPT in August and September 2024 to research ways of killing and their legal consequences, including knife killings of randomly chosen victims, and human anatomy.","causal_attribution":"Stated by the prosecution in the indictment and adopted in the court's reasoning; no prompt or reply is quoted."},{"id":"c3","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'er wisse auch nicht, warum er mithilfe von Chat-GPT versucht habe, herauszufinden, wann und wo in Oerlikon Kinder anzutreffen seien'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Deck: 'Mit «ChatGPT» recherchierte er, wo und wann er in Zürich Kinder antreffen könnte'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'Am 18. September fragt er die Software, wo und wann er in der Stadt Zürich Kinder antreffen könne' (as recorded in the 2026-09-09 signal review)","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"The accused used ChatGPT to try to find out where and when children could be encountered in Zurich (Oerlikon).","causal_attribution":"Reported from the indictment; whether the query produced the Hort's location is not stated by any source."},{"id":"c4","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'verurteilt den Studenten wegen mehrfachen versuchten Mordes zu fünfzehn Jahren Freiheitsstrafe. Weiter wird eine vollzugsbegleitende ambulante Therapie verordnet'; 'Genugtuung in der Gesamthöhe von 106 000 Franken'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'wegen mehrfachen versuchten Mordes zu 15 Jahren Freiheitsstrafe verurteilt'; 'Zudem wird der Täter für 15 Jahre des Landes verwiesen.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'condamné à verser aux trois garçons 30'000 francs et deux fois 38'000 francs pour préjudice moral. Le tribunal a également prononcé une interdiction de territoire de 15 ans'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"On 18 September 2026 the Zurich District Court convicted the accused of multiple attempted murder and imposed 15 years' imprisonment, ambulatory therapy during custody, a 15-year expulsion and CHF 106,000 in moral damages to the three boys.","causal_attribution":"Court judgment as reported; RTS rounds the damages to 100,000 francs."},{"id":"c5","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'Er attestiert dem jungen Chinesen eine akute psychotische Störung'; 'Der Täter konnte uns nicht glaubhaft darlegen, dass die Stimmen derart drängend waren, dass er sich ihnen nicht hätte entziehen können.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'verneinten jedoch eine komplette Schuldunfähigkeit. Der Täter habe nicht glaubhaft darlegen können, dass die Stimmen derart drängend gewesen seien'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"A forensic psychiatrist diagnosed an acute psychotic disorder and considered the accused unable to control his actions; the court accepted the illness but found he had not credibly shown the voices were irresistible, and convicted him with diminished responsibility.","causal_attribution":"Expert opinion and court finding as reported."},{"id":"c6","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'Er macht sich bis heute Vorwürfe, dass er nicht schneller zum Hort gerannt ist. Er kann schlecht einschlafen, weil er Angst hat vor seinen Träumen. Fast jede Nacht wacht er auf.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'ihr Sohn seither unter schrecklichen Träumen leide und sich Vorwürfe mache, weil er beim Angriff nicht schnell genug in den rettenden Hort rennen konnte'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The parents of one injured boy told the court, 23 months after the attack, that he blames himself for not running faster, sleeps badly for fear of his dreams, wakes almost every night and is constantly asked about the scar on his nose.","causal_attribution":"Parents' letter read in court, attributing the effects to the attack."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'son avocat qui a annoncé aux médias qu'il faisait appel de ce jugement qui n'est pas encore entré en force'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'Son avocat a annoncé faire appel du jugement.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"The defence announced an appeal against the judgment.","causal_attribution":"Single agency chain (Keystone-ATS)."},{"id":"c8","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Am 18. September fragt er die Software, wo und wann er in der Stadt Zürich Kinder antreffen könne'; 'Am 28. September studierte er ... über Google und ChatGPT anatomische Darstellungen des menschlichen Kopfes, Halses und Oberkörpers sowie der Blutgefässe' (2026-09-09 signal review)","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'en août 2024' for the legal-consequences and anatomy queries","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Blick's reading of the indictment dates the ChatGPT sessions to 8 August 2024 (legal consequences of variants of killing random victims by stabbing), 18 September 2024 (where and when to find children in Zurich) and 28 September 2024 (anatomy via Google and ChatGPT).","causal_attribution":"Dates as reported from the indictment; only the August dating has a second chain."}],"effects":[{"label":"three five-year-old boys were stabbed, two with life-threatening neck and chest wounds","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"one boy's parents describe nightmares, self-blame and scars 23 months after the attack","claim_id":"c6","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.nzz.ch/zuerich/messerattacke-oerlikon-chinese-zu-15-jahren-freiheitsstrafe-verurteilt-ld.10024179","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"de","translation_note":"Read in German on 2026-09-19 (NZZ, 18 September 2026, own court reporter; full body served to curl). Quotations translated by the reviewer.","independence_group":"nzz"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.nau.ch/news/schweiz/messerstecher-von-oerlikon-muss-15-jahre-in-haft-67178142","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"de","translation_note":"Read in German on 2026-09-19 (Nau.ch, 18 September 2026). The text matches the Keystone-SDA verdict report and is grouped with it.","independence_group":"keystone-sda-ats"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.rts.ch/info/regions/autres-cantons/2026/article/zurich-l-auteur-de-l-attaque-au-couteau-condamne-a-15-ans-de-prison-29361349.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"fr","translation_note":"Read in French on 2026-09-19 (RTS, 18 September 2026). Carries the Keystone-ATS verdict report with the psychiatric-expert dating and the appeal announcement; grouped with the agency chain. The page's AI-generated summary was not used.","independence_group":"keystone-sda-ats"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.20min.ch/fr/story/zurich-l-auteur-de-l-attaque-au-couteau-d-oerlikon-ecope-de-15-ans-103635523","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"fr","translation_note":"Read in French on 2026-09-19 (20 minutes, 18 September 2026), explicitly citing Keystone-ATS; gives the three moral-damages amounts.","independence_group":"keystone-sda-ats"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.limmattalerzeitung.ch/limmattal/zuerich/messerangriff-auf-hortkinder-in-zuerich-tat-minutioes-geplant-ld.4232969","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"de","translation_note":"Limmattaler Zeitung (CH Media), 14 September 2026. On 2026-09-19 only the headline, deck and lead were served (paywall): 'Mit «ChatGPT» recherchierte er, wo und wann er in Zürich Kinder antreffen könnte'. The body was read by the 2026-09-14 signal review.","independence_group":"ch-media"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.blick.ch/schweiz/zuerich/drei-kindergaertler-in-zuerich-oerlikon-mit-messer-attackiert-und-schwer-verletzt-chinese-hatte-tat-zusammen-mit-chatgpt-geplant-id22244459.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"de","translation_note":"Blick, 8 September 2026, reading of the indictment with the three dated ChatGPT sessions. Read in full via WebFetch on 2026-09-09 (signal review); curl returns a script shell. Not re-read today.","independence_group":"blick"},{"id":"s7","url":"https://www.zh.ch/de/news-uebersicht/medienmitteilungen/2024/10/241002_medienmitteilung_osta_oerlikon.html","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"de","translation_note":"Read in German on 2026-09-19: Oberstaatsanwaltschaft des Kantons Zürich media release of 2 October 2024 (arrest, confession, age and residence status of the accused).","independence_group":"oberstaatsanwaltschaft-zh"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["justice","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["No source quotes the ChatGPT prompts or replies, or states whether the model answered, refused or warned; OpenAI is not reported to have alerted Swiss authorities.","Whether the 18 September 2024 query produced the location or route of the Hort is not stated.","The third boy's injury is given as the lung (NZZ) or the shoulder (Keystone-SDA), plus the ear in both.","RTS reports moral damages of 100,000 francs in total; NZZ and 20 minutes give 106,000 (30,000 + 2 × 38,000).","Whether the announced appeal has been lodged, and the outcome, are unknown; the judgment is not final.","The accused's real name is not published (press use a changed name)."],"geography":{"basis":"The attack took place at Berninastrasse, Zurich-Oerlikon (Oberstaatsanwaltschaft Zürich release of 2 October 2024); the children attended an Oerlikon kindergarten and Hort (NZZ: 'eine Gruppe Oerliker Kinder'); judgment by the Bezirksgericht Zürich on 18 September 2026 (NZZ, Nau, RTS).","court_countries":["CH"],"event_countries":["CH"],"affected_person_countries":["CH"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a court-established violent-harm case in which the AI system's involvement (planning research on ChatGPT) is described in the indictment and the court's reasoning and reported by three independent chains; the absence of quoted model replies limits claims about model behaviour and is recorded, not treated as an exclusion. Victims are unnamed minors; the accused is not named. Converted from a private monitoring signal after the 18 September 2026 verdict.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-19"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The indictment and the court's oral reasoning, as reported by three independent chains (NZZ's own court reporter; Keystone-SDA/ATS via Nau, RTS and 20 minutes; CH Media's Limmattaler Zeitung and Blick reading the indictment), state that the accused used ChatGPT between August and September 2024 to research the legal consequences of killing random victims by stabbing, ways of killing and their consequences, human anatomy, and where and when children could be found in Zurich, and on the morning of the attack to choose a meal. The AI system communicated with the user whose planned attack injured the children; that is why communicated_with is recorded although the children themselves did not use the system. No source quotes the prompts or ChatGPT's replies, so nothing is recorded about what the model answered or whether it refused or warned. The court attributed the planning and the attack to the accused; this record makes no causal claim about the model.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Zurich-Oerlikon, Switzerland: a student who researched killing methods, anatomy and where to find children with ChatGPT stabbed three five-year-olds walking to their daycare; sentenced on 18 September 2026 to 15 years for multiple attempted murder","summary":"At midday on 1 October 2024 a Chinese master's student, then 23, attacked a group of five-year-old kindergarten children walking with a daycare worker to their after-school Hort near Berninaplatz in Zurich-Oerlikon with a kitchen knife. Two boys suffered life-threatening neck and chest wounds (one had the jugular vein severed, one the pericardium and aorta cut); a third was wounded in the ear and the shoulder or lung. The daycare worker held the attacker's arms until he dropped the knife. The indictment and the court's oral reasoning, as reported by NZZ, Keystone-SDA/ATS and CH Media, describe weeks of preparation from summer 2024: he discussed ways of killing and their legal consequences with ChatGPT, studied anatomy, bought raw beef to practise stabbing, and used ChatGPT to find out where and when children could be encountered in Zurich. No source quotes the prompts or ChatGPT's replies. On 18 September 2026 the Zurich District Court convicted him of multiple attempted murder and imposed 15 years' imprisonment, treatment during custody, a 15-year expulsion from Switzerland and CHF 106,000 in moral damages to the three boys; it accepted that he was psychotic but found diminished, not absent, criminal responsibility. His lawyer announced an appeal. The parents of one boy described nightmares, self-blame and scars 23 months on.","incidentDate":"2024-10-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2024-10-02","aiSystem":"ChatGPT (OpenAI)","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["physical_injury","hospitalization","psychological_distress","harm_to_others"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Three five-year-old boys were stabbed, two with life-threatening wounds requiring emergency surgery; one boy's parents describe persistent nightmares, self-blame and visible scars nearly two years later. The court found the attack was planned over weeks, including ChatGPT research described in the indictment; the record attributes the attack to the accused and makes no causal claim about the model.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"unclear","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":3,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Three five-year-old boys were stabbed (Oberstaatsanwaltschaft release: 'mehrere Kinder'; NZZ and Keystone-SDA: three boys, two life-threateningly injured). Exact count of three. The daycare worker, parents and the accused are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"CH-ZH","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.nzz.ch/zuerich/messerattacke-oerlikon-chinese-zu-15-jahren-freiheitsstrafe-verurteilt-ld.10024179","primarySourceLabel":"Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 18 September 2026: Messerattacke von Oerlikon: «Besonders verwerflich war die Motivation» – chinesischer Student wegen mehrfachen versuchten Mordes schuldig gesprochen (court report from both trial days)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-19T03:12:16.848581+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:16:54.842738+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["chatgpt","knife-attack","children","switzerland","zurich","attempted-murder","planning-queries","court-verdict","psychosis"]},{"id":"2026-st-clair-v-xai-grok","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'On or about January 4, 2026, Ms. St. Clair discovered a public post on X by xAI's AI chatbot Grok, published via its @Grok account on X, that had artificially altered a photo of her'; 'After a follow up exchange, Grok stated, \"I confirm that your images will not be used or altered without explicit consent in any future generations or responses.\"'; 'X users dug up photos of Ms. St. Clair fully clothed at 14 years old and requested Grok undress her and put her in a bikini. Grok obliged.'; 'was stripped and put in a string bikini covered with swastikas.'; 'In response, she received an email that there was no violation found.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'The lawsuit alleges that even though Grok confirmed her \"images will not be used or altered without explicit consent in any future generations or responses,\" xAI continued to allow users to create more explicit AI-generated images of her and instead retaliated by demonetizing her X account.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"},{"locator":"'In one instance, X users allegedly dug up photos of St. Clair fully clothed at 14 years old and requested Grok undress her, the suit alleged. The chatbot obliged, according to the suit.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s9"}],"assertion":"St. Clair's complaint alleges that on or about 4 January 2026 she found that Grok, prompted by another X user, had altered a photo of her into a sexualized image and published it through the @Grok account on X; that after she told @Grok she did not consent, Grok replied that her images would not be used or altered without explicit consent; and that Grok then produced and published many more sexualized images of her at other users' requests, including one made from a photo of her at 14 and one covered in swastikas, while X's reporting channel told her no violation was found.","causal_attribution":"Plaintiff's allegations in her complaint, relayed by the news reports; xAI has not answered the merits and no court has made findings on them."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'\"I have suffered and continue to suffer serious pain and mental distress as a result of xAI's role in creating and distributing these digitally altered images of me,\" St Clair said in a document attached to the lawsuit.'; '\"I am humiliated and feel like this nightmare will never stop so long as Grok continues to generate these images of me,\" she said.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s10"},{"locator":"'I felt so disgusted and violated.'; 'It's still happening. People are still able to produce these images on the stand-alone Grok app and website,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s11"},{"locator":"'removed Ms. St. Clair's Premium subscription, her verification checkmark, and demonetized her account'; 'Plaintiff has suffered, and continues to suffer, serious personal injuries, including but not limited to emotional distress, psychological trauma, loss of privacy, reputational harm, and fear of continued dissemination.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"St. Clair says she suffered and continues to suffer pain and mental distress and humiliation from the images, told Fortune she felt disgusted and violated and that the images were still being produced in late January 2026, and alleges that X removed her Premium subscription, verification checkmark and monetization after she complained.","causal_attribution":"St. Clair's own statements (lawsuit declaration via Al Jazeera, interview with Fortune, complaint); one account."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'On January 15, 2026, Plaintiff commenced an action in Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York.'; 'That same day, Defendant X.AI Holdings Corp. removed the State Court Action to this Court'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Case 7:26-cv-00005-O Document 1 Filed 01/15/26'; 'The xAI Entities bring this action to secure a declaration that Defendant's actions in commencing the New York suit constitute a violation of the forum-selection clause, injunctive relief to stop Defendant from infringing Plaintiffs' rights under the Terms of Service, and'; 'monetary damages, including reasonable attorney's fees incurred in defending the New York'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'On Thursday, xAI sued St. Clair in federal court in Texas, saying she violated xAI's terms of service and claiming damages of over $75,000.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"}],"assertion":"St. Clair sued xAI in New York Supreme Court on 15 January 2026 and xAI removed the case to the Southern District of New York the same day; also on 15 January 2026 X.AI LLC and X.AI Holdings Corp. sued her in the Northern District of Texas, alleging that suing in New York breached the forum-selection clause of the xAI terms of service and seeking a declaration, an injunction and damages including attorneys' fees.","causal_attribution":"Court records (filing and removal dates recited in the SDNY opinion; the Texas complaint itself)."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'For the reasons discussed above, Defendants motion to transfer is hereby GRANTED.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'PETITION FOR A WRIT OF MANDAMUS filed in USCA 2nd Circuit.'; 'to the extent that Petitioner seeks an administrative stay pending review by a three-Judge panel, the motion is GRANTED.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'A Writ of Mandamus is currently pending before the Second Circuit.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"},{"locator":"'SCHEDULING ORDER: This case is set for trial on March 1, 2027.'; 'AMENDED COMPLAINT against Ashley St Clair filed by X.AI LLC, X.AI Holdings LLC, X Corp..'; 'REPLY filed by Ashley St Clair re: 48 MOTION to Dismiss'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'hereby stipulate to stay discovery through the resolution of any motion to dismiss.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"On 23 June 2026 the Southern District of New York granted xAI's motion to transfer St. Clair's case to the Northern District of Texas under the forum-selection clause in X's terms of service; St. Clair petitioned the Second Circuit for a writ of mandamus, and on 8 July 2026 the Second Circuit granted an administrative stay pending review by a three-judge panel, which her 24 August 2026 filing describes as still pending; in the Texas action (amended in May 2026 to add X Corp.) trial is set for 1 March 2027, her motion to dismiss was fully briefed on 24 August 2026, and the parties stipulated to stay discovery until any motion to dismiss is resolved.","causal_attribution":"Court records read on 2026-09-27; the newest entries found are dated 24 August 2026 (Texas) and 12 August 2026 (New York)."}],"effects":[{"label":"sexualized Grok-generated images of the plaintiff, including one made from a photo of her at 14, published on X after she objected (alleged)","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"reported distress and humiliation, and loss of X Premium status and monetization after complaining (her account)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"sued by xAI in Texas over where she brought her claims (court records)","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.656279/gov.uscourts.nysd.656279.36.0.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"First Amended Complaint, St. Clair v. X.AI Holdings Corp., No. 1:26-cv-00386 (S.D.N.Y.), ECF 36, filed 3 February 2026; RECAP PDF read in full on 2026-09-27. Plaintiff's allegations, not findings.","independence_group":"st-clair-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.656279/gov.uscourts.nysd.656279.96.0.pdf","kind":"court_opinion","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Opinion & Order of Judge Andrew L. Carter, Jr., ECF 96, 23 June 2026, granting the defendants' motion to transfer to the Northern District of Texas on the forum-selection clause in X's terms of service; RECAP PDF read on 2026-09-27. It recites the filing and removal dates and decides venue only.","independence_group":"sdny-court-record"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/72148688/st-clair-v-xai-holdings-corp/","kind":"court_docket","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CourtListener docket page read newest-first on 2026-09-27 (page last updated 1 Sept 2026; last known filing ECF 107, 12 Aug 2026). Carries the Second Circuit order of 8 July 2026 (USCA 26-1777) and the later extension order.","independence_group":"sdny-court-record"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nysd.656279/gov.uscourts.nysd.656279.106.0.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Stipulation staying discovery, ECF 106, filed 7 August 2026, signed by counsel for both sides and referring to both the New York and the Texas actions; RECAP PDF read on 2026-09-27.","independence_group":"sdny-court-record"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.txnd.413941/gov.uscourts.txnd.413941.1.0.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Complaint, X.AI LLC v. St. Clair, No. 7:26-cv-00005-O (N.D. Tex., Wichita Falls Division), ECF 1, filed 15 January 2026; RECAP PDF read on 2026-09-27. xAI's allegations.","independence_group":"xai-filings"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/72147630/xai-llc-v-st-clair/","kind":"court_docket","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CourtListener docket page for the Texas action read newest-first on 2026-09-27; newest entry is ECF 55 (24 August 2026). Scheduling order, amended complaint adding X Corp., motion to dismiss and mediation deadline.","independence_group":"ndtx-court-record"},{"id":"s7","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.txnd.413941/gov.uscourts.txnd.413941.55.0.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"St. Clair's reply in support of her motion to dismiss the Texas action, ECF 55, filed 24 August 2026; RECAP PDF read on 2026-09-27. States that the mandamus petition and the Second Circuit stay were still pending on that date.","independence_group":"st-clair-account"},{"id":"s8","url":"https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/ashley-st-clair-sues-xai-grok-sexual-images-rcna254302","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"NBC News, 15 January 2026, read live on 2026-09-27 (the historical primary source). Reports the complaint and the Texas suit.","independence_group":"st-clair-account"},{"id":"s9","url":"https://www.cnn.com/2026/01/15/business/elon-musk-son-mom-sues-grok-images","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CNN Business, 15 January 2026, read live on 2026-09-27. Reports the complaint, the Texas suit and St. Clair's CNN interview.","independence_group":"st-clair-account"},{"id":"s10","url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/1/17/mother-of-elon-musks-child-sues-his-ai-company-over-grok-deepfake-images","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Al Jazeera, 17 January 2026, read live on 2026-09-27. Quotes the statement attached to the lawsuit and counsel.","independence_group":"st-clair-account"},{"id":"s11","url":"https://fortune.com/2026/01/28/ashley-st-clair-elon-musk-grok-x-deepfakes-lawsuit-xai/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Fortune, 28 January 2026, read live on 2026-09-27. St. Clair's own interview account to Fortune; not independent of her complaint.","independence_group":"st-clair-account"},{"id":"s12","url":"https://globalnews.ca/news/11616630/ashley-st-clair-sues-xai-grok-fake-sexual-images/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Global News (Canada), 16 January 2026, read live on 2026-09-27. Relays the complaint (legal documents obtained by NBC News and viewed by Global News).","independence_group":"st-clair-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["When images of St. Clair were first generated; Al Jazeera reports her saying they began appearing in 2025, while the amended complaint dates her discovery of the first @Grok image to on or about 4 January 2026.","How many images were made of her and how widely they were viewed; the complaint says the images it lists are only those she was able to locate.","The Second Circuit's decision on the mandamus petition (USCA 26-1777) and the Texas court's ruling on her motion to dismiss; neither had been found as of 27 September 2026.","xAI's response on the merits; its filings found so far address forum and contract only."],"geography":{"basis":"The amended complaint alleges that St. Clair resided in New York County at all relevant times and that a substantial part of the events occurred and her damages were suffered there; xAI's Texas complaint also describes her as a resident of New York. The images were published on X, which is reachable worldwide. The courts are in New York and Texas and the appeal is in the Second Circuit.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Restored under the 2026-09-15 charter as a depiction case brought by a public figure suing in her own name. The complaint, the New York and Texas dockets and orders, and five news reports were read. Her account of the images and their effects is recorded as allegation. The procedural history is taken from the court records. Her child is not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-27"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaint alleges that the images were generated and published by xAI's Grok through the @Grok account on X at other users' requests, and that @Grok replied to St. Clair's objection with an assurance about her images (FAC paras. 68-75). xAI's own Texas complaint states that X.AI LLC operates Grok. No court has made findings about the images.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated","communicated_with"]},"name":"St. Clair v. xAI: a writer says Grok made and published sexualized images of her on X, including from a photo of her at 14, after it told her it would not; xAI sued her in Texas and her New York case was ordered transferred there, an order the Second Circuit has stayed pending her mandamus petition","summary":"Ashley St. Clair, a writer and political commentator with about 1 million followers on X, sued xAI in New York on 15 January 2026. She alleges that from on or about 4 January 2026 Grok, prompted by other X users, altered photos of her into sexualized images and published them on X, including one made from a photo of her at 14. She says @Grok told her that her images would not be used or altered without explicit consent, but many more images followed. She also says X's reporting channel found no violation and that X removed her Premium subscription, verification checkmark and monetization. She says she has suffered serious pain, mental distress and humiliation. The same day, xAI sued her in federal court in Texas, arguing that its terms of service required her to sue there. On 23 June 2026 the New York federal court ordered her case transferred to Texas. On 8 July the Second Circuit stayed that order administratively while it considers her mandamus petition, which was still pending on 24 August. The Texas case is set for trial on 1 March 2027.","incidentDate":"2026-01-04","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-01-15","aiSystem":"Grok (xAI's generative AI chatbot with image editing, used through the @Grok account on X)","aiProduct":"Grok","aiCompany":"xAI (X.AI Holdings Corp., X.AI Corp. and X.AI LLC; the amended complaint says SpaceX acquired X.AI Holdings Corp. on 2 February 2026)","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress","reputational_harm","legal_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"St. Clair alleges that Grok generated and published sexualized images of her, including one made from a photo of her at 14, and says she suffered pain, mental distress and humiliation (First Amended Complaint; her statement via Al Jazeera; her interview with Fortune). The complaint also alleges reputational harm and loss of privacy. xAI's Texas suit against her seeks damages including attorneys' fees (court records). None of these allegations has been adjudicated.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the plaintiff, is described as harmed in this case. Other people depicted by Grok in the same period are not counted here.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_ongoing","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/ashley-st-clair-sues-xai-grok-sexual-images-rcna254302","primarySourceLabel":"NBC News, 15 January 2026: Ashley St. Clair, the mother of one of Elon Musk's children, sues xAI over Grok sexual images","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-29T09:21:27.594424+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:54.448524+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["grok","xai","x","deepfake","non-consensual-imagery","lawsuit","forum-selection","public-figure","depicted-or-impersonated","communicated-with","restored"]}]}