{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-22T09:28:55.655Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"crown-court","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":2,"coverage":{"cases":2,"countries":1,"languages":1,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":2,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":2,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2026-staffordshire-man-jailed-after-police-say-he-used-ai-to-make-indecent-images-of-women-and-a-girl-posted-on-telegram","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A man used artificial intelligence (AI) platforms to create indecent images of women and girls, Staffordshire Police said.' ... 'posted a series of AI-generated pornographic images on closed Telegram groups.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Staffordshire Police say the defendant had posted a series of pornographic and indecent images of women and a girl on 'closed' Telegram groups that had been run through AI.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Staffordshire Police said the man used artificial intelligence platforms to create indecent images of women and girls and posted a series of AI-generated pornographic images in closed Telegram groups; The Sentinel reports the police account as images of women and a girl that had been run through AI.","causal_attribution":"Staffordshire Police's account as relayed by BBC News and The Sentinel (one police chain); the platforms are not named and the technical basis of the AI finding is not described."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'he called for the women depicted in the images to be raped and assaulted, investigators found.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'he called for the women depicted in the images to be raped and'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Investigators found that in some captions he called for the women depicted in the images to be raped and assaulted.","causal_attribution":"Investigators' finding as relayed by BBC News and the Daily Express (one police chain)."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'We turned up at his home and arrested him after the images were reported to us.' ... 'after admitting the offences on 27 August.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'He was jailed for two years and two months after pleading guilty at Stafford Crown Court on 27 August.' ... 'He was charged with eight counts of publishing an obscene article and one count of permitting the taking of a pseudo-photograph of a child. He admitted all of the charges.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"After the images were reported, police arrested him at his home and seized his devices; he admitted eight counts of publishing an obscene article and one count of permitting the taking of a pseudo-photograph of a child, and was jailed for two years and two months after pleading guilty at Stafford Crown Court on 27 August 2026.","causal_attribution":"Police statement and court outcome as reported by BBC News and the Daily Express."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'This type of crime can have a profound impact on victims'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The investigating officer said this type of crime can have a profound impact on victims.","causal_attribution":"The investigating officer's general statement about this type of crime, quoted by BBC News."}],"effects":[{"label":"depicted in AI-generated pornographic images posted in closed Telegram groups","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"captions called for the women depicted to be raped and assaulted","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cyvzn1zvz10o","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). BBC News report of 9 September 2026 attributing the account to Staffordshire Police.","independence_group":"staffordshire-police-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.msn.com/en-gb/crime/general/pervert-used-ai-to-make-indecent-images-of-women/ar-AA2c0JJ4","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 through the MSN syndication copy (HTTP 200). The Sentinel report of 11 September 2026 paraphrasing Staffordshire Police.","independence_group":"staffordshire-police-account"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.msn.com/en-gb/news/other/pervert-creates-indecent-ai-images-of-women-and-girls-posts-them-on-social-media/ar-AA2bXu8A","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 through the MSN syndication copy (HTTP 200). Daily Express report of 10 September 2026 quoting a Staffordshire Police statement.","independence_group":"staffordshire-police-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["How many women and girls were depicted, and whether they were identified or told.","Whether the women and girl depicted are real, identifiable people: The Sentinel reports the police account as images that had been run through AI, and police refer to victims, but no source says a depicted person was identified.","How the images of the people depicted were obtained and which AI platforms were used.","When the images were posted.","The date of sentencing (the reports give the plea date and the sentence)."],"geography":{"basis":"Staffordshire Police arrested the man at his home in Staffordshire and the case was heard at Stafford Crown Court (all three sources), so the event and court country is GB. The sources do not say where the depicted people live, so affected_person_countries is empty.","court_countries":["GB"],"event_countries":["GB"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): the investigating police force says the man used AI platforms to create indecent images of women and girls that he posted in closed Telegram groups, with captions calling for the women depicted to be raped, and The Sentinel reports the police account as images of women and a girl run through AI; he pleaded guilty and was jailed. The people depicted are not named or counted, and the convicted man is not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Staffordshire Police, which investigated and charged the case, said the man used artificial intelligence platforms to create indecent images of women and girls and posted the AI-generated pornographic images in closed Telegram groups (BBC). The Sentinel reports the police account as images of women and a girl that had been run through AI. The images depict the women and girl (depicted_or_impersonated). The platforms are not named and the technical basis of the police finding is not described beyond the seized devices and the guilty plea.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Staffordshire: man jailed after police say he used AI platforms to make indecent images of women and a girl and posted them in Telegram groups","summary":"Staffordshire Police said a man used artificial intelligence platforms to create indecent images of women and girls and posted a series of the AI-generated pornographic images in closed Telegram groups, as reported by BBC News, the Daily Express and The Sentinel. Investigators found that in some captions he called for the women depicted to be raped and assaulted. The Sentinel reports the police account as images of women and a girl that had been run through AI. He was arrested after the images were reported to police, pleaded guilty at Stafford Crown Court to eight counts of publishing an obscene article and one of permitting the taking of a pseudo-photograph of a child, and was jailed for two years and two months. No source names or counts the people depicted.","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-09-09","aiSystem":"Artificial intelligence platforms used to create indecent images, according to Staffordshire Police (platforms not named)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to Staffordshire Police as reported by three outlets, AI-generated pornographic images of women and a girl were posted in closed Telegram groups, some captioned with calls for the women depicted to be raped and assaulted.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"unquantified","affectedCountEvidence":"Unquantified: the sources describe the people depicted only as women and girls (BBC) or women and a girl (The Sentinel), with no count, so no minimum is recorded. The convicted man is not counted as harmed.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"GB-ENG","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cyvzn1zvz10o","primarySourceLabel":"BBC News, 9 September 2026: Man who created indecent AI images of girls jailed","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:10:18.448466+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:10:18.448466+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-generated-images","telegram","obscene-publications","pseudo-photograph","crown-court","staffordshire","guilty-plea","sentencing"]},{"id":"2026-lewes-rape-trial-stayed-complainant-ai-cross-examination-prep","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'The download revealed two documents which contained a summary record of what C had recalled of events on the night in question, followed by a series of questions in the form of a cross-examination of C’s account, together with suggested answers.'; 'C was asked who they had been communicating with, to which C responded: \"I had put stuff into AI to help me prepare myself for the court\".'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'There then follows several pages of text containing the promised summary, together with 24 highly pertinent questions and suggested answers'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A download of the complainant's phone during the Lewes trial revealed two documents containing a summary of the complainant's recollection of the night in question and a series of cross-examination questions with suggested answers, and the complainant said 'I had put stuff into AI to help me prepare myself for the court'.","causal_attribution":"Established by the judgment's account of the trial record."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'this appeal has proceeded on the basis that the documents were generated by AI in response to prompts from C. We do not know the nature of those prompts.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Although the defence did not accept that the documented questions and answers were generated by AI, as opposed to being contained in a communication from a real person'","relation":"context","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Please make sure someone is with you or available to you today.'","relation":"context","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The documents were generated by AI in response to the complainant's prompts.","causal_attribution":"The complainant's statement, accepted as the working basis of the appeal; the defence did not accept it and the court made no finding on the product or prompts."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'It is a prosecution appeal against the Recorder’s ruling, part-way through trial, staying proceedings as an abuse. Upon the prosecution giving notice of its intention to appeal, accompanied by the usual prosecution undertaking, the jury was discharged.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'this is evidence of coaching, whether or not done by AI or someone else.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'The ruling stayed proceedings after the complainant was found to have used AI to help prepare for court.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Recorder held that the documents amounted to witness coaching, that the defendant could not have a fair trial, and stayed the proceedings as an abuse of process part-way through the trial; the jury was discharged when the prosecution gave notice of appeal.","causal_attribution":"The judgment records that the stay was granted because of the documents the complainant attributed to AI."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Date: Thursday 4th June 2026'; 'Accordingly, we give leave, we allow the appeal and reverse the ruling below.'; 'As the allegations are now of some age, the re-trial should be listed at the earliest opportunity.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Hay’s decision has been reversed, and a retrial has been ordered for listing “at the earliest opportunity,” per the Gazette.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"On 4 June 2026 the Court of Appeal reversed the stay, holding that the trial process could deal with any prejudice, and directed that the retrial be listed at the earliest opportunity because the allegations were now of some age.","causal_attribution":"Established by the judgment."},{"id":"c5","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'All witnesses, whether for the prosecution or defence, should be firmly discouraged from resorting to the use of AI to prepare for giving evidence.'; 'their use of AI may open up further lines of enquiry, exposing their online activity to an unwelcome, wider-ranging and potentially more intrusive investigation and examination for the purposes of disclosure'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Court of Appeal said witnesses should be firmly discouraged from using AI to prepare their evidence, and that for sexual-offence complainants such use may expose their online activity to wider and potentially more intrusive investigation.","causal_attribution":"General guidance in the judgment; it does not describe a further consequence to this complainant."}],"effects":[{"label":"the trial was stayed part-way through as an abuse of process and the jury discharged after the complainant's AI-prepared cross-examination documents were treated as witness coaching","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"a retrial of allegations described as now of some age was required after the stay was reversed","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewca/crim/2026/918","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Full judgment text read by curl on 2026-09-29 from the National Archives Find Case Law service. The court excluded identifying detail and anonymised both parties.","independence_group":"fgd-judgment"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.lawgazette.co.uk/news/court-of-appeal-calls-for-ai-regulation-in-criminal-proceedings-after-trial-collapses/5127513.article","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Law Society Gazette report of 28 July 2026 (Bianca Castro), read by curl on 2026-09-29. It reports the judgment and is grouped with it.","independence_group":"fgd-judgment"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.canadianlawyermag.com/news/international/uk-trial-halts-over-witness-ai-use-court-of-appeal-judges-flag-regulation-concerns/394434","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Canadian Lawyer, read by curl on 2026-09-29; attributes its account to the Law Society Gazette.","independence_group":"fgd-judgment"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["justice"],"unknowns":["When the trial and the Recorder's stay took place (before the 4 June 2026 appeal hearing).","Which AI product was used and what the complainant's prompts were.","Whether the retrial has taken place and its outcome.","The complainant's own account of the effect of the stay; no statement from the complainant was read."],"geography":{"basis":"The trial took place at Lewes Crown Court and the appeal at the Royal Courts of Justice in London (judgment). Where the complainant lives, and where the AI was used, is not stated.","court_countries":["GB"],"event_countries":["GB"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published from the Court of Appeal judgment as a concrete adverse consequence of a person's AI use: the complainant's trial was stayed and must be retried. The judgment and all press coverage are one reporting chain. The complainant and defendant are anonymous by law and no identifying detail is recorded; the complainant's pronouns follow the judgment's neutral usage.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complainant told the court the material came from putting things into AI, and the Court of Appeal proceeded on the basis that the documents were AI-generated in response to the complainant's prompts. The defence did not accept that they were AI-generated rather than written by a real person, and the product and prompts are unknown.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Lewes Crown Court, England: a rape trial was stayed part-way through and the jury discharged after documents on the complainant's phone, which the complainant said came from putting material into AI to prepare for court, were treated as witness coaching; the Court of Appeal reversed the stay on 4 June 2026 and ordered a retrial","summary":"During a rape trial at Lewes Crown Court, a download of the complainant's phone revealed two documents containing a summary of the complainant's recollection of the night in question and 24 questions in the form of a cross-examination, with suggested answers. Asked about them, the complainant said: 'I had put stuff into AI to help me prepare myself for the court'. The trial judge (a Recorder) held that this was witness coaching, found that the defendant could not have a fair trial and stayed the proceedings as an abuse of process; the jury was discharged when the prosecution gave notice of appeal. On 4 June 2026 the Court of Appeal (R v FGD [2026] EWCA Crim 918) reversed the stay, holding that the trial process could deal with any prejudice, and directed a retrial at the earliest opportunity because the allegations were 'now of some age'. The defence did not accept that the documents were AI-generated; the appeal proceeded on that basis. The court warned that witnesses should be firmly discouraged from using AI to prepare their evidence and that, for complainants in sexual-offence cases, doing so may expose their online activity to wider and more intrusive investigation.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-07-28","aiSystem":"An unidentified AI chatbot; the complainant told the court 'I had put stuff into AI to help me prepare myself for the court'. The judgment does not name the product and says the court does not know the prompts used.","aiProduct":"Unidentified chatbot","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The complainant's rape trial was stayed part-way through and the jury discharged because documents the complainant said came from AI preparation were treated as witness coaching; the Court of Appeal reversed the stay and ordered a retrial of allegations it described as 'now of some age' (R v FGD [2026] EWCA Crim 918).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the complainant, whose trial was stayed and must be retried (judgment). The defendant is not counted; the stay was in the defendant's favour and no harm to the defendant from the AI use is reported. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"GB","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"pending","primarySourceUrl":"https://caselaw.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ewca/crim/2026/918","primarySourceLabel":"R v FGD [2026] EWCA Crim 918, Court of Appeal (Criminal Division), judgment of 4 June 2026","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T09:00:29.036322+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:44.047133+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["witness-coaching","criminal-trial","court-of-appeal","lewes-crown-court","england","sexual-offence-complainant","trial-stayed","communicated-with"]}]}