{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-11-07T02:13:01.548Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"criminal-conviction","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"2026","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":2,"coverage":{"cases":2,"countries":2,"languages":3,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":2,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2026-algiers-court-jails-baccalaureate-candidate-and-sister-after-prosecutor-says-she-answered-exam-questions-with-chatgpt","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"les faits remontent au 7 juin 2026; Le candidat utilisait son téléphone portable pour photographier les sujets d’examen avant de les transmettre à sa sœur","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"تم بتاريخ 2026/06/07 إخطار مصالح الفرقة الإقليمية للدرك الوطني; وهو يقوم بتصوير الأسئلة باستعمال هاتفه النقال ثم يرسلها إلى شقيقته المتهمة","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"According to the Cheraga prosecutor's statement, on 7 June 2026 an exam supervisor caught a free (external) baccalaureate candidate photographing the exam questions with his phone and sending them by WhatsApp to his sister.","causal_attribution":"One origin: the Cheraga prosecutor's press statement, relayed by two outlets."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"la sœur du candidat recevait les sujets et utilisait l’application d’intelligence artificielle ChatGPT pour obtenir des réponses aux questions posées. Ces réponses étaient ensuite envoyées au candidat par le biais de WhatsApp afin qu’il les exploite durant l’épreuve.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"هذه الأخيرة تتولى الإجابة عليها بالاستعانة بتطبيق الذكاء الاصطناعي “تشات جي بي تي”. ثم تعيد إرسالها إليه عبر تطبيق واتساب","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"تتولى الإجابة عليها بالاستعانة بتطبيق الذكاء الاصطناعي “تشات جي بي تي” ثم تعيد إرسالها إليه عبر تطبيق واتساب","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The prosecutor's statement says the sister obtained answers to the questions from the AI application ChatGPT and sent them back to him by WhatsApp for use during the exam.","causal_attribution":"The ChatGPT use is the prosecutor's account (investigating and prosecuting authority); all three outlets repeat that statement."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Chacun a été condamné à une peine de quatre ans d’emprisonnement ferme assortie d’une amende de 200 000 dinars. La juridiction a également ordonné leur placement immédiat en détention à l’audience","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"حيث تم إدانة كل متهم بأربع سنوات حبسا نافذا وغرامة مالية قدرها 200.000 دج; طبقا لنص المادة 253 مكرر 6 ومكرر 7 من قانون العقوبات","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"تم إدانة شخصين بأربع سنوات حبسا نافذا وغرامة مالية قدرها 200.000 دج, إثر وقائع غش في امتحان شهادة البكالوريا, حسب ما أفاد به اليوم الثلاثاء بيان لنيابة الجمهورية لدى محكمة الشراقة","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"The Cheraga court convicted both of leaking exam questions and answers by remote communication (Penal Code articles 253 bis 6 and 7), sentenced each to four years' imprisonment and a 200,000-dinar fine, and ordered them detained at the hearing.","causal_attribution":"The conviction and sentence come from the prosecutor's statement relayed by three outlets; the judgment itself was not read."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"بعد استئناف المتهمين الحكم الصادر عن محكمة الشراقة في 9 جوان المنقضي; من المرتقب أن يمثل أمام الغرفة الجزائية العاشرة لدى مجلس قضاء الجزائر اليوم الثلاثاء","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"إلتمس النائب العام بالغرفة الجزائية العاشرة لدى مجلس قضاء الجزائر تشديد العقوبة لمتّهمين إثنين موقوفين","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Both appealed; at the appeal hearing before the Algiers court, which Ennahar said was scheduled for 21 July 2026, the prosecutor-general asked for the sentences to be increased.","causal_attribution":"Court reporting by one outlet (two articles by the same reporter); no appeal ruling was found."}],"effects":[{"label":"Convicted and jailed for four years after ChatGPT answers were relayed into a baccalaureate exam","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://lecourrier-dalgerie.com/fraude-au-bac-un-candidat-et-sa-soeur-condamnes-a-alger/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"fr","translation_note":"Read in French on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200, dated 11 June 2026); translated by the research agent (an AI). Reports the Cheraga prosecutor's communique and the judgment.","independence_group":"cheraga-prosecutor-statement-june-2026"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.ennaharonline.com/%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%AA%D9%91%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A7/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ar","translation_note":"Read in Arabic on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200, bylined, dated 21 July 2026); translated by the research agent (an AI). Quotes the prosecutor's press statement and reports the scheduled appeal hearing.","independence_group":"cheraga-prosecutor-statement-june-2026"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.ennaharonline.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD-%D8%AD/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ar","translation_note":"Read in Arabic on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200, bylined, dated 22 July 2026); translated by the research agent (an AI). Reports the appeal hearing; its account of the facts repeats the prosecutor's statement.","independence_group":"ennahar-algiers-appeal-hearing-july-2026"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.aps.dz/algerie/actualite-nationale/mq74bf6w-","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ar","translation_note":"Read in Arabic on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200, Algeria Press Service, dated 9 June 2026); translated by the research agent (an AI). Short dispatch of the prosecutor's statement on the conviction; it does not mention ChatGPT.","independence_group":"cheraga-prosecutor-statement-june-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["education","justice"],"unknowns":["What ChatGPT answered and whether the answers were correct","Where the sister was when she used ChatGPT","The siblings' ages","The outcome of the appeal heard in July 2026","Whether the candidate's exam results were annulled or other exam sanctions applied"],"geography":{"basis":"Event: the exam centre was in Algiers province and the gendarmerie, prosecutor and court were in Algiers (s1, s2, s4). The sources do not say where the sister was when she used ChatGPT or where the two live. Court: the Cheraga court and the Algiers appeal court (s1, s3).","court_countries":["DZ"],"event_countries":["DZ"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a reported prosecution: the Cheraga prosecutor states that a baccalaureate candidate's sister answered his exam questions with ChatGPT and relayed them to him, and both were convicted and jailed for four years; the ChatGPT use rests on the prosecutor's statement and the judgment was not read.","reviewed_on":"2026-11-01"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"According to the Cheraga prosecutor's statement, the sister put the photographed exam questions to ChatGPT, obtained answers from it and sent them to the candidate during the exam (s1, s2, s3); the conviction for leaking exam answers by remote communication followed. The sources quote no ChatGPT answer.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Algiers court jails a baccalaureate candidate and his sister for four years; prosecutor says she answered his exam questions with ChatGPT","summary":"The prosecutor at the Cheraga court in Algiers said that on 7 June 2026 an exam supervisor caught a free baccalaureate candidate photographing the exam questions and sending them by WhatsApp to his sister, who obtained answers from ChatGPT and sent them back for him to use. The court convicted both of leaking exam questions and answers by remote communication, sentenced each to four years' imprisonment and a 200,000-dinar fine, and had them detained at the hearing. Both appealed, and at the Algiers appeal hearing, which Ennahar said was scheduled for 21 July 2026, the prosecutor-general asked for heavier sentences (Ennahar, 22 July); no appeal ruling was found by 1 November 2026.","incidentDate":"2026-06-07","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-06-09","aiSystem":"ChatGPT, used by the candidate's sister to obtain answers to baccalaureate exam questions, according to the prosecutor's statement","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm","loss_of_liberty"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the prosecutor's statement, the candidate and his sister were convicted, sentenced to four years' imprisonment and fined after she answered his exam questions with ChatGPT; they were detained at the hearing and their appeal was pending.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two people were convicted: the sister, who used ChatGPT (participant user), and the candidate, who received the answers (other person harmed).","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"DZ","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://lecourrier-dalgerie.com/fraude-au-bac-un-candidat-et-sa-soeur-condamnes-a-alger/","primarySourceLabel":"Le Courrier d'Algérie, 11 June 2026: Baccalaureate fraud, a candidate and his sister convicted in Algiers","firstPublishedAt":"2026-11-01T03:20:10.578007+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-11-01T03:20:10.578007+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["chatgpt","exam-cheating","baccalaureate","criminal-conviction","prison-sentence","algeria"]},{"id":"2026-jeju-ai-forged-police-id-home-robbery-suspended-sentence","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A씨는 지난 27일 오전 1시 50분께 제주시 한 다가구주택에 침입해 약 300만원 상당의 현금 등 금품을 훔친 혐의를 받는다'; '여성이 홀로 사는 주거지에 초인종을 누르고 인공지능(AI)으로 위조한 경찰 공무원증을 제시'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'경찰에 따르면 A씨는 AI를 활용해 경찰신분증을 위조한 것으로 파악됐다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Police say that around 01:50 on 27 May 2026 the defendant rang the doorbell of a woman living alone in a multi-unit house in Jeju City, showed a police ID forged with AI, said the defendant had come to carry out a search, and took cash and valuables worth about 3 million won.","causal_attribution":"Police statements as reported; the woman's own account is not reported."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'경찰은 추적 끝에 이날 오전 제주시 한 도로에서 차량에 타고 있던 A씨를 긴급체포했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'제주서부경찰서는 A(30대)씨를 강도 혐의로 구속 송치했다고 9일 밝혔다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Police arrested the defendant on the morning of 28 May after the woman reported it and on 9 June referred the defendant under detention to prosecutors for robbery.","causal_attribution":"Police statements as reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'조사 결과 A씨는 AI 기술로 위조한 경찰공무원 신분증 사진을 피해자에게 보여주며'; '이어 피해자를 화장실에 들어가게 하는 등 반항하지 못하도록 한 뒤 집 안에 있던 금품을 챙겨 달아난 것으로 조사됐다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'A씨는 지난 5월 제주시의 한 주택에서 AI 기술로 위조한 경찰공무원 신분증을 보여준 뒤 집 안으로 들어가 현금과 귀금속 등 약 300만원 상당의 금품을 훔친 혐의 등으로 재판에 넘겨졌다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The sentencing reports say the investigation found the defendant showed the victim a photo of a police ID forged with AI technology, said the defendant had come for a search, and kept her in the bathroom while the defendant took the valuables.","causal_attribution":"Facts as found in the investigation and recited at sentencing, as reported; the judgment text was not inspected."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'제주지법 형사2부는 10일 강도 등 혐의로 구속기소 된 30대 A씨에게 징역 2년에 집행유예 4년을 선고하고 80시간의 사회봉사를 명령했다'; '다만 A씨가 혐의를 인정하고 반성하고 있는 점과 피해자 2명 모두와 합의한 점 등을 고려해 집행유예를 선고했다고 설명했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'혐의를 인정하고 반성하고 있으며, 피해자 모두와 합의한 점 등을 고려했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 10 September 2026 the Jeju District Court sentenced the defendant to two years in prison suspended for four years and 80 hours of community service, citing a planned crime that damaged trust in police, and the defendant's admission of the charges and settlement with both victims.","causal_attribution":"Court sentencing as reported by two outlets relaying the same court announcement."}],"effects":[{"label":"a woman deceived by a police ID forged with AI was confined to her bathroom and robbed of about 3 million won","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25460705","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-13 and translated by that agent; no human translation. JoongAng Ilbo, 10 Sep 2026, HTTP 200; report of the sentencing.","independence_group":"jeju-district-court-sentencing-10-sep-2026"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.khan.co.kr/article/202609101657001","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-13 and translated by that agent; no human translation. Kyunghyang Shinmun, 10 Sep 2026, HTTP 200; report of the same sentencing.","independence_group":"jeju-district-court-sentencing-10-sep-2026"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20260528141300056","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-13 and translated by that agent; no human translation. Yonhap, 28 May 2026, HTTP 200; report of the Jeju Seobu police statement.","independence_group":"jeju-seobu-police-statements-may-jun-2026"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.newsis.com/view/NISX20260609_0003662452","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-13 and translated by that agent; no human translation. Newsis, 9 Jun 2026, HTTP 200; report of the police referral statement.","independence_group":"jeju-seobu-police-statements-may-jun-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["everyday_life","justice"],"unknowns":["Which AI tool was used and how the card was made.","Whether the forged ID was used in the earlier theft from the second victim.","The woman's own account."],"geography":{"basis":"The robbery took place in a house in Jeju City and the case was handled by Jeju Seobu police and the Jeju District Court, all in South Korea. The woman's nationality is not stated.","court_countries":["KR"],"event_countries":["KR"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core impersonation case: Jeju police, who investigated, said a person used a police ID forged with AI to pose as an officer conducting a search, gaining entry to a woman's home and taking about 3 million won in cash and valuables; the Jeju District Court sentenced the defendant after the defendant admitted the charges. The AI tool is unnamed and the method undescribed. The defendant and the woman are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-13"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Jeju Seobu police, who investigated and arrested the defendant, said the police officer's identification card the defendant presented to the woman to claim a search had been forged with AI, and the sentencing reports say the investigation found the defendant showed her a photo of a police ID forged with AI technology; the defendant admitted the charges in court. The forged card impersonated a police officer toward the woman and was the means by which the defendant gained entry and took her valuables (depicted_or_impersonated). The tool and the method of generation are not described.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Jeju court gives a suspended sentence to a person who showed a woman a police ID forged with AI, claimed a search and took about 3 million won","summary":"Around 01:50 on 27 May 2026 a person in their thirties rang the doorbell of a woman living alone in a multi-unit house in Jeju City, South Korea, showed her a police officer's identification card that police say the defendant had forged with AI, and said the defendant had come to carry out a search. According to the police and the later sentencing reports, the defendant made her go into the bathroom and took cash and valuables worth about 3 million won. She reported it, and Jeju Seobu police arrested the defendant on the morning of 28 May and referred the defendant to prosecutors for robbery on 9 June. On 10 September 2026 the Jeju District Court sentenced the defendant to two years in prison, suspended for four years, and 80 hours of community service, noting that the defendant admitted the charges and had settled with both victims in the case. Neither the defendant nor the woman is named.","incidentDate":"2026-05-27","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-05-28","aiSystem":"Unnamed AI technology that, according to Jeju Seobu police and the reports of the sentencing, the defendant used to forge a police officer's identification card shown to the victim","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss","property_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to police and the court reports, a woman living alone in Jeju City was deceived by a police ID forged with AI, confined to her bathroom and robbed of cash and valuables worth about 3 million won.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the woman shown the forged ID and robbed on 27 May. The court mentions a second victim, from whom the defendant was charged with stealing about 1 million won earlier that month; the reports do not connect the forged ID to that theft, so that person is not counted. The woman did not use the AI tool and is counted as another person harmed.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"KR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.joongang.co.kr/article/25460705","primarySourceLabel":"JoongAng Ilbo, 10 Sep 2026: person who forged a police ID with AI and took 3 million won gets suspended sentence","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-13T03:22:12.141341+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-13T03:22:12.141341+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["impersonation","forged-id","ai-generated-image","robbery","police-impersonation","south-korea","criminal-conviction"]}]}