{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-11-07T02:13:02.756Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"criminal-conviction","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"2025","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":3,"coverage":{"cases":3,"countries":2,"languages":3,"unknownLocation":1,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":2,"contextualRelations":1,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2025-east-java-police-say-three-suspects-used-ai-deepfake-videos-of-governor-khofifah-offering-cheap-motorbikes-to-defraud-buyers","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Kapolda Jatim Irjen Pol Nanang Avianto mengatakan pengungkapan ini mereka lakukan setelah mendapat laporan dari Dinas Kominfo Jawa Timur 14 April 2025.'; 'Dalam aksinya, para tersangka merekayasa video yang menampilkan Khofifah, seakan sedang memasarkan motor murah dengan harga Rp500 ribu per unit.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Nanang menambahkan, pengungkapan ini bermula dari laporan yang diterima dari Dinas Kominfo Jatim pada 14 April 2025.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"East Java police said on 28 April 2025 that they had arrested three suspects after a report from the provincial communications office on 14 April 2025 about videos in which Governor Khofifah appeared to market motorbikes for Rp500,000.","causal_attribution":"Two outlets' reports of one police press conference; one origin, so reported."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'menurut keterangan tersangka mengedit video Gubernur Jatim Khofifah Indar Parawansa dengan menggunakan teknologi artifisial intelligence'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'membuat video menggunakan teknologi AI, serta membuat rekening'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the police, the videos were made with AI: the police chief said that, by a suspect's own statement, the governor's video was edited using artificial intelligence, and police said one suspect made the video with AI technology.","causal_attribution":"The investigating police's attribution, which relays a suspect's statement; technical basis not otherwise disclosed. One police origin."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Dalam sidang yang digelar Rabu, 15 Oktober 2025'; 'mengedit video menggunakan aplikasi DreamFace dan dupdub.com, agar gerak bibir dan suara Khofifah tampak asli'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The indictment read at the Surabaya District Court on 15 October 2025, as reported, says the video was edited with the DreamFace app and dupdub.com so that the governor's lip movements and voice looked real.","causal_attribution":"The prosecution's account in the indictment, as reported by one outlet; the indictment itself was not inspected."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Korban yang terjebak video palsu deepfake itu kemudian akan menghubungi nomor WhatsApp yang tertera di akun-akun yang mencatut nama Khofifah tersebut.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Setelah transfer, pelaku meminta tambahan biaya Rp1 juta hingga Rp1,5 juta untuk “pengurusan surat kendaraan”. Begitu uang diterima, korban langsung diblokir.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"People taken in by the videos contacted the WhatsApp number shown on the accounts and transferred money; according to the indictment, they were then asked for an extra Rp1 million to Rp1.5 million for vehicle papers and blocked once they paid.","causal_attribution":"Police and prosecution accounts of the scheme; not independently confirmed by any victim."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Selama tiga bulan beraksi, komplotan ini meraup keuntungan sebesar Rp87.600.000 dari para korbannya yang tersebar di empat provinsi yang berbeda.'; 'Jumlah korban kurang lebih mencapai 100 orang'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Dari hasil penyelidikan, total keuntungan yang dikumpulkan mencapai Rp79,6 juta.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Police said the group took Rp87.6 million over three months from victims in four provinces, estimated at about 100 people; the indictment, as reported, gives the total as Rp79.6 million.","causal_attribution":"Police estimate and the indictment figure differ; both are recorded and neither is resolved."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Berdasarkan BB yang ditemukan pada tersangka terdapat akun media sosial TikTok dengan video manipulasi Gubernur Jawa Tengah dan juga Gubernur Jawa Barat yang bernarasi serupa digunakan untuk melakukan penipuan'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Police said seized evidence also included TikTok accounts with similar manipulated videos of the governors of Central Java and West Java used for fraud.","causal_attribution":"Police statement; no response by those governors is reported."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'serta Pasal 378 KUHP tentang penipuan'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'kini memasuki babak persidangan di Pengadilan Negeri (PN) Surabaya'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The suspects were charged under the ITE law and the Criminal Code's fraud article, and the case went to trial at the Surabaya District Court in October 2025.","causal_attribution":"Police statement of the charges and a report of the first hearing; the verdict is c8."},{"id":"c8","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'terbukti menggunakan akun media sosial TikTok untuk menyebarkan konten hoaks berupa video AI'; 'memuat video editan AI menampilkan gestur wajah dan suara seolah Gubernur Jawa Timur menawarkan sepeda motor murah'; 'Majelis hakim menjatuhkan pidana penjara masing-masing selama 3 tahun serta denda Rp500 juta, subsidair 3 bulan penjara'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Suara Publik reported on 16 December 2025 that the Surabaya District Court found two defendants guilty of jointly manipulating electronic information, finding that they used TikTok accounts to spread AI-edited videos showing the governor's face and voice as if the governor were offering cheap motorbikes, and sentenced each to three years in prison and a Rp500 million fine.","causal_attribution":"One outlet's report of the court's verdict; the judgment itself was not inspected."},{"id":"c9","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'mengaku tertipu setelah melihat video tersebut berulang kali muncul di beranda TikTok-nya, lengkap dengan tampilan visual Gubernur Jatim. Merasa curiga karena motor tak kunjung dikirim, saksi akhirnya melapor ke Polda Jawa Timur.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"According to the verdict report, a victim witness said the video had kept appearing in the witness's TikTok feed, that the witness was deceived by it and reported to East Java police when the motorbike was not delivered.","causal_attribution":"The witness's testimony as reported by one outlet; the witness's name is not used."}],"effects":[{"label":"money paid for motorbikes offered in AI-manipulated videos of the governor","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20250428202915-12-1223655/polda-tangkap-sindikat-penipuan-modus-video-deepfake-catut-khofifah","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read in Indonesian on 2026-11-01; translated by the research agent (an AI). CNN Indonesia (Surabaya), 28 April 2025, report of the East Java police press conference; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"polda-jatim-press-conference-apr-2025"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.detik.com/jatim/hukum-dan-kriminal/d-7890165/3-pelaku-penipuan-deepfake-berbasis-ai-gubernur-khofifah-ditangkap","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read in Indonesian on 2026-11-01; translated by the research agent (an AI). detikJatim, 28 April 2025, report of the same press conference; HTTP 200. Same police origin as s1.","independence_group":"polda-jatim-press-conference-apr-2025"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://suara-publik.com/news-18363-tipu-bagi-motor-murah-catut-gubernur-jatim-raup-rp79-juta-agus-dan-udi-dihukum-3-tahun-penjara-denda-rp500-ribu","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read in Indonesian on 2026-11-01 through a Wayback Machine capture (the live site returned a Cloudflare 403); translated by the research agent (an AI). Suara Publik, 16 December 2025, report of the verdict at the Surabaya District Court.","independence_group":"surabaya-district-court-verdict-dec-2025"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://harian.disway.id/read/904962/sidang-kasus-video-ai-gubernur-khofifah-sindikat-penipuan-motor-murah","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"id","translation_note":"Read in Indonesian on 2026-11-01; translated by the research agent (an AI). Harian Disway, 16 October 2025, report of the first hearing at the Surabaya District Court and the indictment; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"surabaya-indictment-oct-2025"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["The outcome of the third suspect's separate case, and whether either side appealed the December 2025 verdict","How the police and prosecutors established that the videos were made with AI beyond the suspect's statement and the tools named in the indictment","When the scheme began: police say it ran for three months, while the indictment as reported dates the idea to mid-April 2025","How many people paid, and whether any money was recovered"],"geography":{"basis":"Event and affected people: police say the suspects are from Pangandaran, West Java, and the victims were in East Java, Central Java, West Java and North Maluku (s1). Court: Surabaya District Court (s3).","court_countries":["ID"],"event_countries":["ID"],"affected_person_countries":["ID"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a reported criminal case with a reported conviction: East Java police say three suspects used AI to make videos impersonating Governor Khofifah that drew about 100 people into paying for nonexistent motorbikes, a suspect told police the video was edited with AI, and the indictment names the tools; the Surabaya District Court convicted two defendants in December 2025.","reviewed_on":"2026-11-01"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"East Java police, who investigated the case, said the suspects manipulated video of Governor Khofifah with AI deepfake technology and that a suspect stated that the governor's video was edited using artificial intelligence (s1, s2); the indictment, as reported, says the video was edited with the DreamFace app and dupdub.com so that the governor's lip movements and voice looked real (s3). The generated videos impersonated the governor toward viewers, and police connect them to the harm: people who answered them contacted the suspects' WhatsApp number and transferred money for motorbikes that did not exist (s1, s3). The technical basis of the police attribution is not otherwise disclosed, and the indictment and any forensic report were not inspected.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Surabaya court jails two over AI deepfake videos of East Java Governor Khofifah offering cheap motorbikes that police say defrauded about 100 people","summary":"East Java regional police (Polda Jatim) said on 28 April 2025 that they had arrested three suspects from Pangandaran, West Java, after the provincial communications office reported TikTok videos in which Governor Khofifah Indar Parawansa appeared to offer motorbikes for Rp500,000. According to the police, the videos were manipulated with AI deepfake technology, one suspect told investigators that the governor's video had been edited with AI, and people who answered the videos contacted a WhatsApp number and transferred money; police estimated about 100 victims in four provinces and Rp87.6 million taken over three months. The indictment read at the Surabaya District Court on 15 October 2025, as reported by Harian Disway, says the video was edited with the DreamFace app and dupdub.com so that the governor's lip movements and voice looked real, and gives the proceeds as Rp79.6 million. Suara Publik reported on 16 December 2025 that the court found two defendants guilty of jointly manipulating electronic information and sentenced each to three years in prison and a Rp500 million fine; the third suspect's case file was separate.","incidentDate":"2025-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-04-28","aiSystem":"AI video and voice tools used to make lip-synced videos of East Java Governor Khofifah Indar Parawansa offering cheap motorbikes; the indictment, as reported, names the DreamFace app and dupdub.com","aiProduct":"DreamFace and dupdub (reported)","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to East Java police, about 100 people in four provinces paid a total of Rp87.6 million for motorbikes offered in AI-manipulated videos of Governor Khofifah; the indictment, as reported, puts the total at Rp79.6 million. The governor's office reported the videos to police.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"The police chief estimated the victims at 'kurang lebih mencapai 100 orang' (approximately 100), an estimate rather than a count, so the deceived buyers beyond the one described victim witness are unquantified. Counted: the victim witness whom the verdict report describes as deceived by the video (s4), and Governor Khofifah, whose likeness was used and whose provincial communications office reported the videos to police (an institutional complaint). The governors of West and Central Java, also depicted in seized videos, have no reported response and are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"ID","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20250428202915-12-1223655/polda-tangkap-sindikat-penipuan-modus-video-deepfake-catut-khofifah","primarySourceLabel":"CNN Indonesia, 28 April 2025: Polda arrests fraud ring that used deepfake videos of Khofifah","firstPublishedAt":"2026-11-01T03:12:40.636544+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-11-01T03:12:40.636544+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake-video","impersonation","fraud","tiktok","criminal-conviction","indonesia"]},{"id":"2025-amsterdam-court-jails-man-who-used-deepfakes-of-other-peoples-id-photos-to-open-47-bank-accounts-in-their-names","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Hij zou 47 bankrekeningen geopend hebben' ... 'met behulp van deepfake-technologie' ... 'Dit gebeurde in de periode van 20 maart 2025 tot en met 14 november 2025' ... 'Hij zou deepfake-technologie gebruiken om het identiteitsverificatiesysteem te misleiden'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Amsterdam District Court said a 34-year-old man was suspected of opening 47 bank accounts in other people's names with deepfake technology between 20 March and 14 November 2025, using it to mislead the identity-verification system.","causal_attribution":"The court's own statement of the charge; documents what was charged, not guilt."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Volgens het OM omzeilde de man dat door de foto op ID-bewijzen te vervangen door een pasfoto van hemzelf' ... 'Ook paste hij volgens justitie zijn eigen gezichtsfoto' ... 'aan, zodat die leken op de pasfoto' ... 'In de gezichtsscan van de man zijn kenmerken uit de pasfoto van de vrouw te zien'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"At the hearing the prosecution said the man got past ABN AMRO's app check by replacing ID-document photos with a photo of himself and by adjusting his own face photos to resemble them, and the judge noted that a selfie submitted with a woman's identity document showed features of her passport photo.","causal_attribution":"Prosecution's account and the judge's remark, reported from the hearing."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'ID-bewijzen van slachtoffers op wier naam rekeningen waren geopend'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The prosecution said identity documents of victims in whose names accounts were opened were found on his phone.","causal_attribution":"Prosecution's statement in court."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'waarin hij verklaarde dat hij vanaf 28 september 2025 wetenschap had van de strafbare feiten' ... 'De rechtbank heropent daarom het onderzoek ter terechtzitting'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In a written statement the man said he only knew of the offences from 28 September 2025, and on 31 March 2026 the court reopened the investigation to examine the data on his phone.","causal_attribution":"Interim ruling and the content of his written statement, documented by the court's release."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'krijgt 2,5 jaar cel' ... 'De rechtbank ging mee met de eis van het OM' ... '13.000 euro schadevergoeding betalen aan ABN Amro' ... 'Van de 2,5 jaar cel zijn zes maanden een voorwaardelijke straf'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"According to AT5, on 17 June 2026 the court followed the prosecution's demand and sentenced him to two and a half years in prison, six months of it suspended, and ordered him to pay 13,000 euros to ABN AMRO.","causal_attribution":"Verdict as reported by AT5; judgment text not inspected."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Hij wist 47 rekeningen te openen door gezichtskenmerken van zijn slachtoffers met AI op zijn eigen gezicht te plakken' ... 'Een deel van deze bankrekeningen is gebruikt voor bankhelpdeskfraude en het opnemen van contant geld'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"AT5 reports that he opened the 47 accounts by pasting his victims' facial features onto his own face with AI, and that part of the accounts was used for bank-helpdesk fraud and cash withdrawals.","causal_attribution":"AT5's account of the convicted conduct; consistent with the court's and prosecution's deepfake description."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'De verdachte zegt dat hij in die periode niets met de fraude te maken had'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'De verdachte heeft zelf altijd ontkend'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The man denied involvement in the fraud during the earlier period at the hearing, and AT5 reports that he always denied the charges.","causal_attribution":"Counterevidence: the defendant's denial."}],"effects":[{"label":"identities of other people used to open 47 bank accounts by deepfaked face scans","claim_id":"c6","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.rechtspraak.nl/organisatie-en-contact/organisatie/rechtbanken/rechtbank-amsterdam/nieuws/2026/03/extra-onderzoek-nodig-in-zaak-oplichting-bank-met-deepfake-technologie","kind":"court_press_release","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read in Dutch by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-26; English renderings are the agent's own translation. Press release of the Amsterdam District Court on its interim judgment, 31 Mar 2026; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"rechtbank-amsterdam-31-mar-2026"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://nos.nl/artikel/2606734-man-met-wiens-gezicht-tientallen-bankrekeningen-werden-geopend-voor-de-rechter","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read in Dutch by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-26; English renderings are the agent's own translation. NOS report of the 17 Mar 2026 hearing (prosecution and judge's statements in court); HTTP 200.","independence_group":"nos-hearing-17-mar-2026"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.at5.nl/artikelen/238721/amsterdammer-deepfakes-47-bankrekeningen-openen","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read in Dutch by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-26; English renderings are the agent's own translation. AT5 report of the 17 Jun 2026 verdict; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"at5-verdict-17-jun-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["Which deepfake tool was used.","How many distinct people's identities were used for the 47 accounts.","The losses of the people defrauded through the accounts and whether the verdict was appealed."],"geography":{"basis":"The Amsterdam District Court in the Netherlands heard the case, so NL is the court country. The sources do not state where the accounts were opened from or where the people whose identities were used live, so no event or affected-person country is recorded from the court's seat or the bank's nationality.","court_countries":["NL"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): a Dutch court and prosecutors say a man used deepfake technology to make his face scans match other people's ID photos and open 47 bank accounts in their names, and the court convicted him in June 2026 according to AT5. Private names are not used.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-26"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Amsterdam District Court's press release states that the man was suspected of using deepfake technology to mislead the bank's identity-verification system and open 47 accounts in other people's names. At the hearing the prosecution described how he adjusted his own face photos to resemble the ID photos, and the judge noted that a selfie submitted with a woman's document showed features of her passport photo. AT5 reports that he was convicted and sentenced for opening the accounts by pasting his victims' facial features onto his own face with AI. The specific tool is not named and the written judgment was not inspected.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Amsterdam court jails man who used deepfake technology to pass a bank's face check with other people's IDs and open 47 accounts in their names","summary":"The Amsterdam District Court said in March 2026 that a 34-year-old man was suspected of opening 47 bank accounts in other people's names between 20 March and 14 November 2025 by using deepfake technology to mislead a bank's identity-verification system. At the hearing on 17 March 2026, the prosecution said he had beaten ABN AMRO's app check, which compares a face scan with the photo on an identity document, by replacing ID photos with his own and by adjusting his own face photos to resemble the ID photos; the judge noted that a selfie submitted with one woman's identity document showed features of her passport photo. The prosecution said identity documents of the victims in whose names accounts were opened were found on his phone. The man denied knowing of the fraud before late September 2025, and the court reopened the investigation on 31 March to examine his phone data. According to AT5, on 17 June 2026 the court sentenced him to two and a half years in prison, six months of it suspended, and ordered him to pay 13,000 euros to ABN AMRO; AT5 reports that he pasted his victims' facial features onto his own face with AI and that some of the accounts were used for bank-helpdesk fraud and cash withdrawals.","incidentDate":"2025-03-20","incidentEndDate":"2025-11-14","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-03-17","aiSystem":"Deepfake technology used to alter face scans so that they matched other people's identity-document photos in ABN AMRO's account-opening app, according to the Amsterdam District Court and the prosecution (tool not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","other_material_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Amsterdam District Court, the prosecution and AT5's report of the verdict, a man used deepfake technology to make his face scans match other people's identity-document photos, opening 47 ABN AMRO accounts in their names; some accounts were then used for bank-helpdesk fraud and cash withdrawals.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"The court says 47 accounts were opened in the names of others, and the hearing report describes two of the identity holders (a man and a woman); the number of distinct people is not stated, so two is the documented minimum. Victims of the bank-helpdesk fraud run through the accounts and the bank itself are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"NL","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.rechtspraak.nl/organisatie-en-contact/organisatie/rechtbanken/rechtbank-amsterdam/nieuws/2026/03/extra-onderzoek-nodig-in-zaak-oplichting-bank-met-deepfake-technologie","primarySourceLabel":"Rechtbank Amsterdam, 31 Mar 2026: further investigation needed in bank fraud case using deepfake technology","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-26T03:20:11.628878+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-26T03:20:11.628878+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","identity-verification","bank-account-fraud","identity-theft","criminal-conviction","netherlands","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2025-shanghai-yangpu-man-used-ai-faked-food-poisoning-medical-records-to-extort-restaurants-convicted","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'要求商家赔偿2000元医疗费，否则将投诉和曝光'; '最终转账赔付'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'店家赔了钱'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"A customer told a Yangpu barbecue restaurant he had fallen ill after eating there, produced a hospital visit record and invoice, demanded 2,000 yuan in medical costs under threat of complaints and publicity, and the restaurant paid.","causal_attribution":"Police account relayed by Shangguan; the Procuratorate Daily feature gives the same episode briefly. Different reporting chains on the same police case; marked reported because the details (amount, threat) come from the police account."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'材料均系伪造'; '利用AI软件对图片进行篡改，替换姓名、调整日期、伪造金额'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'从未有过相关就医记录'; '于是用手机AI工具生成了虚假材料'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Police found the man had no hospital record and the materials were forged; police say he confessed to altering images of other people's medical records with AI software, replacing the name, date and amount.","causal_attribution":"The AI use rests on the man's admission as reported by police (Shangguan) and in China Voice's report of the investigation (Xinhua). The tool is not named, and the accounts differ on whether existing record images were altered or materials generated."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'成功敲诈勒索两起，未遂两起，非法获利2500元'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'去年11月第一次索赔成功后，一个月内他又以同样方式对四家餐厅提出索'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Police say he succeeded twice and failed twice, obtaining 2,500 yuan; Xinhua reports that after a first successful claim in November of the previous year he made similar claims against four more restaurants within a month.","causal_attribution":"Counts come from the police account (Shangguan) and the China Voice report; they are not reconciled (two plus two versus one plus four), so the record keeps both."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'上海市杨浦区人民法院审理认定'; '判处拘役四个月、缓刑四个月，并处罚金2000元'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'利用AI技术伪造就医材料、恶意投诉、敲诈勒索商家的案件依法提起公诉'; '法院审理后以敲诈勒索罪判处'; '利用AI软件生成急性肠胃炎诊断证明和逼真的呕吐物照片'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The Yangpu District People's Procuratorate prosecuted him in June 2026, and the Yangpu District People's Court convicted him of extortion and sentenced him to four months' criminal detention, suspended for four months, and a 2,000 yuan fine; the Procuratorate Daily says he used AI software to generate gastroenteritis diagnosis certificates and vomit photos.","causal_attribution":"Two reporting chains give the same sentence; both relay the court outcome and the judgment itself was not read, so the claim is reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"restaurants paid compensation demanded with AI-forged medical records (police: 2,500 yuan from two successful claims)","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.shobserver.cn/sgh/detail?id=1713109","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17; no human reviewer inspected the text. Shangguan News report of the Yangpu public security sub-bureau's account, 26 February 2026.","independence_group":"yangpu-police-account-2026-02"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://app.xinhuanet.com/news/article.html?articleId=20260616b5cfed558eda4c739780064335734766","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17; no human reviewer inspected the text. Xinhua client carry of a China Media Group China Voice report (reporters named in the text), 16 June 2026, drawing on the police investigation and the court judgment.","independence_group":"cmg-china-voice-2026-06"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.chinanews.com.cn/fz/2026/10-14/10714250.shtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17; no human reviewer inspected the text. China News Service carry of a Procuratorate Daily feature ('来源：检察日报'), 14 October 2026.","independence_group":"procuratorate-daily-2026-10"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","justice"],"unknowns":["The AI tool used, and whether it altered existing record images or generated documents and photos from text.","How many restaurants were targeted and paid: the police account gives two successful and two failed claims, Xinhua a first claim plus four more within a month.","The date of the judgment; the text of the judgment was not read."],"geography":{"basis":"The restaurants are in Yangpu district, Shanghai, and the Yangpu police, procuratorate and court handled the case (Shangguan, Xinhua, Procuratorate Daily).","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":["CN"],"affected_person_countries":["CN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a contextual case (made_claim_about): Yangpu police say a man used AI software to forge medical records claiming food poisoning and obtained 2,500 yuan from restaurants, which he admitted; the Yangpu court convicted him of extortion. Three reporting chains (police account, China Voice, Procuratorate Daily).","reviewed_on":"2026-10-17"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Yangpu police say the man confessed to altering images of other people's medical records with AI software, changing the name, date and amount and adding a beef food-poisoning note, after the hospital confirmed he had no record (Shangguan). China Voice (Xinhua) says he used an AI tool on his phone to generate the false materials, and the Procuratorate Daily says he used AI software to generate diagnosis certificates and vomit photos and was prosecuted for using AI to forge medical materials. The AI output is the forged documents and photos asserting that the restaurants' food had made him ill (made_claim_about), which the restaurants relied on when they paid. The tool is not named.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["made_claim_about"]},"name":"Shanghai court convicts a man who, police say, used AI software to fake food-poisoning medical records and extort restaurants into paying compensation","summary":"Police in Yangpu district, Shanghai, say a customer extorted restaurants with medical records he had forged using AI software; Xinhua dates his first successful claim to November 2025. In the police account (Shangguan News, 26 February 2026) he claimed to have fallen ill after eating at a barbecue restaurant, showed a hospital visit record and medical invoice, and demanded 2,000 yuan in medical costs, threatening complaints and publicity; the restaurant paid. Police checked with other diners and the hospital, found he had no hospital record and the materials were forged, and say he confessed to using AI software to alter images of other people's medical records, replacing the name, date and amount. Police say he succeeded twice and failed twice, obtaining 2,500 yuan, and that he also filed complaints to market regulators with the forged material to pressure the restaurants. According to Xinhua's June report and the Procuratorate Daily, the Yangpu District People's Court convicted him of extortion and sentenced him to four months' criminal detention, suspended for four months, and a 2,000 yuan fine.","incidentDate":"2025-11-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-02-26","aiSystem":"AI software on the man's phone that, according to Yangpu police, he used to alter images of other people's medical records (name, date, amount) and, according to later reports, to generate gastroenteritis diagnosis certificates, receipts and vomit photos; the tool is not named","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to Yangpu police, restaurants paid compensation demanded with AI-forged medical records: a barbecue restaurant paid 2,000 yuan, and the man obtained 2,500 yuan in total from two successful claims, with two more attempts failing.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"Police say two extortions succeeded and two failed. One payer is described: the barbecue restaurant's person in charge, who paid 2,000 yuan (Shangguan). The second paying restaurant's people are not described, so the count is 1 plus an unquantified remainder.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.shobserver.cn/sgh/detail?id=1713109","primarySourceLabel":"Shangguan News, 26 February 2026: Yangpu police on a barbecue restaurant that paid 2,000 yuan over forged medical records","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-17T03:18:51.274802+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-17T03:18:51.274802+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["fake-medical-records","food-poisoning-claim","extortion","restaurants","criminal-conviction","shanghai","china","made-claim-about"]}]}