{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-31T07:34:15.050Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"compensation","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"2024","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":5,"coverage":{"cases":5,"countries":4,"languages":4,"unknownLocation":2,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":2,"regulatory":0,"minors":1,"coreRelations":5,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2024-ulsan-court-jails-couple-who-ran-cambodia-romance-investment-fraud-with-deepfake-investment-expert-videos","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"두 사람은 2024년 1월부터 1년간 캄보디아 보레이 지역 등지에 보이스피싱을 목적으로 하는 범죄단체를 조직한 뒤 딥페이크 기술을 악용해 ‘로맨스 스캠’ 방식의 투자 리딩 사기 범행을 저지른 혐의를 받는다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"이들 부부는 2024년 1월부터 지난해 1월까지 캄보디아 보레이 지역 등에서 전화금융사기(보이스피싱) 범죄 단체를 조직하고 '딥페이크'를 활용해 한국인을 대상으로 로맨스 스캠 방식으로 투자를 유도한 혐의로 구속 기소됐다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Prosecutors charged that from January 2024 to January 2025 the couple organised and ran phone-fraud groups in Cambodia that used romance-scam methods and deepfakes to draw Koreans into investments.","causal_attribution":"The charges as stated in the indictment; s2 restates them in its sentencing report. One prosecutorial origin."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"딥페이크 기술로 유튜브 영상을 촬영해 마치 투자전문가인 것처럼 행세하며 피해자들을 상대로 투자금을 유도했다.; 피해자를 상대로 사적인 대화를 하며 친분을 쌓은 뒤 투자금을 받아냈다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the prosecutors' investigation, the husband used deepfake technology to film YouTube videos in which he posed as an investment expert to draw investments from victims, while the wife befriended victims in private conversations before taking their money.","causal_attribution":"The deepfake step is the prosecutors' finding as reported from the Ministry of Justice announcement; the technical basis is not disclosed. Single outlet."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"이러한 범행으로 국내 피해자 97명으로부터 약 101억원을 가로챘다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"딥페이크 기술로 만든 가상인물을 앞세워 한국인 100여명한테 약 101억원을 가로챈 혐의를 받고 있다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The prosecutors count 97 victims in South Korea and about 10.1 billion won taken; reports of the judgment put the victims at about 100.","causal_attribution":"Counts from the indictment and the court reporting; the split between the two figures is recorded rather than resolved."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"두 사람 모두 지난 4월 열린 첫 재판에서 혐의를 인정했으나; 울산지법 형사12부(박강민 부장판사)는 24일 범죄단체조직 등 혐의로 재판에 넘겨진 30대 남편 A씨에게 징역 15년과 추징금 1억4천여만원, 아내 B씨에게는 징역 9년과 추징금 6천800만원을 선고했다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"피해자들이 신청한 배상명령은 각하됐다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Both defendants admitted the charges at the first hearing in April 2026, and on 24 July 2026 the Ulsan District Court sentenced the husband to 15 years and the wife to 9 years in prison, with forfeiture orders; the victims' compensation-order applications were dismissed.","causal_attribution":"Two reporters' accounts of the same judgment; one court origin, so reported."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"피해자들이 극심한 피해를 호소하고 있고 엄벌을 탄원하고 있는 반면, 피고인들은 피해 회복을 위해 아무런 노력을 하지 않고 있다","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"피해자들은 극심한 피해를 호소하며 엄벌을 탄원하고 있지만, 피해 회복을 위해 아무런 노력도 하지 않고 있다","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The court said the victims described severe harm and asked for strict punishment while the defendants had made no effort to compensate them.","causal_attribution":"The court's sentencing reasons as quoted by two outlets; one origin."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"공소청은 22일 부산고법 울산재판부 울산제1형사부(유정우 부장판사) 심리로 열린 A씨 항소심 공판에서 징역 17년을 선고해달라고 재판부에 요청했다.; 이후 A씨는 항소했다가 이를 취하했으며, 검사는 양형부당을 이유로 항소했다.; B씨에 대한 항소심 심리가 마무리되면 A씨와 함께 선고가 이뤄진다.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Prosecutors appealed on sentencing grounds, and at the appeal hearing on 22 October 2026 asked for 17 years for the husband, who had withdrawn his own appeal; judgment will follow the wife's appeal hearing.","causal_attribution":"Single outlet's report of the appeal hearing."}],"effects":[{"label":"about 10.1 billion won lost to romance-and-investment scams that used deepfake videos of a fictitious investment expert","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/1245018.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean on 2026-10-31; translated by the research agent (an AI). The Hankyoreh, 13 February 2026, reporting the Ministry of Justice announcement of the indictment; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"korea-prosecutors-indictment-feb-2026"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.yna.co.kr/view/AKR20260724066400057","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean on 2026-10-31; translated by the research agent (an AI). Yonhap News (Ulsan), 24 July 2026, report of the first-instance judgment; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"ulsan-district-court-judgment-jul-2026"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/area/yeongnam/1269790.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean on 2026-10-31; translated by the research agent (an AI). The Hankyoreh (Yeongnam), 24 July 2026, report of the same judgment; HTTP 200. Same court origin as s2.","independence_group":"ulsan-district-court-judgment-jul-2026"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.iusm.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1069518","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read in Korean on 2026-10-31; translated by the research agent (an AI). Ulsan Maeil, 23 October 2026, report of the 22 October appeal hearing; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"ulsan-appeal-hearing-oct-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","relationships","justice"],"unknowns":["How many of the victims saw the deepfake videos and which deepfake tool was used","How the prosecutors established that the videos were deepfakes","The outcome of the prosecutors' appeal and of the wife's appeal","Whether any of the losses have been recovered"],"geography":{"basis":"Event: the prosecutors say the fraud groups operated from the Borei area of Cambodia (s1, s2) and targeted Koreans, with victims counted as domestic victims in South Korea (s1); affected people: the indictment counts them as domestic (국내) victims (s1). Court: Ulsan District Court and the appeal bench in Ulsan (s2, s4).","court_countries":["KR"],"event_countries":["KH","KR"],"affected_person_countries":["KR"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a reported criminal case: prosecutors say the husband used deepfake technology to make videos of himself posing as an investment expert in a romance-and-investment fraud that took about 10.1 billion won from 97 victims, both defendants admitted the charges, and the Ulsan District Court imposed prison sentences; an appeal is pending.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-31"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Prosecutors, who investigated and indicted the couple, say the husband used deepfake technology to film YouTube videos in which he posed as an investment expert in order to draw investments from victims (s1); the charges of using deepfakes in the romance-investment scheme were admitted by both defendants and led to conviction (s2), and reports of the judgment describe a virtual person made with deepfake technology fronting the scheme (s3). The deepfake videos are the medium through which victims received the fake expert's investment pitch. The technical basis for the deepfake finding is not disclosed, and how many victims saw the videos is not reported.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Ulsan court jails Korean couple who ran a Cambodia-based romance and investment fraud using deepfake videos of a fake investment expert","summary":"South Korean prosecutors indicted a married couple in February 2026 on charges that, from January 2024 to January 2025, they ran phone-fraud groups in Cambodia that targeted Koreans with romance-and-investment scams; according to the prosecutors, the husband used deepfake technology to make YouTube videos in which he posed as an investment expert, while the wife built relationships with victims in private chats, and 97 victims lost about 10.1 billion won. Both admitted the charges, and on 24 July 2026 the Ulsan District Court sentenced the husband to 15 years and the wife to 9 years in prison, noting that the victims described severe harm while the defendants had made no effort to compensate them. Prosecutors appealed; at the appeal hearing on 22 October 2026 they asked for 17 years for the husband, and a joint appeal judgment is pending.","incidentDate":"2024-01-01","incidentEndDate":"2025-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-02-13","aiSystem":"Deepfake technology used to make YouTube videos of a fictitious investment expert played by one defendant, as described by prosecutors (tool not named)","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the prosecutors, 97 victims in South Korea lost about 10.1 billion won to romance-and-investment scams in which deepfake videos presented a fictitious investment expert; the court said the victims described severe harm and had received no compensation.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":97,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"The prosecutors' indictment, as reported by The Hankyoreh, counts 97 domestic victims ('국내 피해자 97명'); reports of the judgment say about 100 ('100여명'). 97 is recorded as a documented minimum because the reports give no breakdown of how many victims saw the deepfake videos and the sentencing reports round upward.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"KR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.hani.co.kr/arti/society/society_general/1245018.html","primarySourceLabel":"The Hankyoreh, 13 February 2026: Couple behind 10.1 billion won romance scam indicted after evading investigators by changing their faces","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-31T03:13:00.990788+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-31T03:13:00.990788+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake-video","romance-scam","investment-fraud","cambodia-scam-centre","criminal-conviction","appeal-pending","south-korea"]},{"id":"2024-hangzhou-internet-court-rules-skincare-seller-used-ai-face-swap-and-voice-synthesis-to-fake-beauty-bloggers-sales-videos","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'前不久，浙江杭州互联网法院审结了这起AI深度合成肖像权侵权案'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"CCTV News reported on 29 September 2026 that the Hangzhou Internet Court had recently concluded a portrait-rights case over AI deep synthesis brought by a beauty blogger against an online skincare-sales company.","causal_attribution":"Existence of the case as reported by the state broadcaster; no judgment text inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'通过AI合成技术，批量制作了30多条虚假带货视频'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the report, from June 2024 the company, without the blogger's consent, took the blogger's published short videos and livestream footage and used AI synthesis to make more than 30 fake videos promoting its products.","causal_attribution":"Facts as found and reported; the AI synthesis is the direct cause of the fabricated videos."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'被告借助AI换脸、音画重组等深度合成技术，批量伪造博主'; '的带货视频，谋取商业利益，侵权主观过错明确，构成对原告'; '肖像权的侵害'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court found that the company used AI face swap and the recombination of sound and image, layering several deep-synthesis techniques, to fabricate the videos for commercial gain, and that this infringed the blogger's portrait rights.","causal_attribution":"Court finding as reported; the court attributes the fabrication to AI deep synthesis."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'其中既有AI换脸，也包括其他深度合成，如头像画面以及声音音轨等组合方式'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A judge's assistant at the court said the techniques included AI face swap and other deep synthesis combining a head image with sound tracks.","causal_attribution":"Court official's description of the AI techniques."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'庭审中，被告当庭认可视频为其合成发布，且未取得原告授权' ... '公司在收到诉讼材料后已主动下架全部侵权视频'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In court the company acknowledged that it had synthesised and published the videos without the blogger's authorisation, but said staff made them out of fun and curiosity and that it took them all down after receiving the lawsuit papers.","causal_attribution":"Defendant's admission and defences as reported."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'综合酌定被告赔偿原告经济损失及维权费用15000元，赔偿原告精神损害赔偿金5000元，并判令被告在涉案平台显著位置刊登致歉声明、持续时间不得少于30日'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court ordered the company to pay 15,000 yuan for economic loss and rights-protection costs and 5,000 yuan for emotional distress, and to publish an apology prominently on the platform concerned for at least 30 days.","causal_attribution":"Outcome as reported."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'两款涉案护肤品累计销量突破十万单，营业额高达740余万元' ... '证据不足以证明其因侵权行为造成的实际损失或被告某网络科技公司的获利情况'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The blogger claimed that the videos drew traffic to the company's shop and that the two products concerned sold more than 100,000 orders with turnover above 7.4 million yuan; the court found the blogger's evidence did not prove the blogger's actual loss or the company's profit.","causal_attribution":"Plaintiff's claim, with the court's finding that it did not prove loss or profit."}],"effects":[{"label":"likeness and voice synthesised into fake promotional videos without consent; court awarded emotional-distress compensation","claim_id":"c6","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://ipeconomy.cn/mobile/dongtai/11353.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-26; English renderings are the agent's own translation. ipeconomy.cn page stating its source as CCTV News (央视新闻), dated 29 Sep 2026, carrying the full report text; HTTP 200. The CCTV original was not located.","independence_group":"cctv-news-report-29-sep-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","justice"],"unknowns":["The date of the judgment and whether either party appealed.","Which AI tools and which platform were used, and how long the videos stayed online.","The CCTV original and the judgment text were not inspected."],"geography":{"basis":"The case was decided by the Hangzhou Internet Court in Zhejiang, China, so CN is the court country. The report does not state where the company operated or published the videos or where the blogger lives, so no event or affected-person country is recorded from the court's seat.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): a Chinese court found that a skincare seller used AI face swap and voice synthesis to fabricate a beauty blogger's promotional videos without consent, the seller admitted making them, and the court awarded the blogger damages including compensation for emotional distress. The record rests on one relay of the CCTV News report; the blogger and company are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-26"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Hangzhou Internet Court, as reported by CCTV News, found that the company used AI face swap and the recombination of image and sound tracks to fabricate more than 30 videos in which the blogger appeared to recommend its skincare products, and the company acknowledged in court that it had synthesised and published the videos without the blogger's authorisation. The court found that this infringed the blogger's portrait rights and awarded the blogger compensation including 5,000 yuan for emotional distress. The AI tools are not identified.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Hangzhou Internet Court rules a skincare seller used AI face swap and voice synthesis to fake a beauty blogger's sales videos, awarding damages","summary":"A CCTV News report of 29 September 2026 says the Hangzhou Internet Court in Zhejiang recently concluded a portrait-rights case brought by a beauty blogger. According to the report, from June 2024 an online skincare-sales company, without the blogger's consent, took short videos and livestream footage the blogger had published and used AI synthesis to make more than 30 fake videos in which the blogger appeared to promote its products. The court found that the company had used AI face swap and the recombination of image and sound tracks to fabricate the videos for commercial gain, infringing the blogger's portrait rights. In court the company acknowledged that it had synthesised and published the videos without the blogger's authorisation, said staff had made them out of fun and curiosity, and said it had taken them all down after receiving the lawsuit papers. The court ordered the company to pay 15,000 yuan for economic loss and the costs of protecting the blogger's rights and 5,000 yuan in compensation for emotional distress, and to publish an apology prominently on the platform concerned for at least 30 days. The blogger's claim that the products sold more than 100,000 orders was not accepted as proof of loss or profit.","incidentDate":"2024-06-01","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-29","aiSystem":"AI face swap and other deep synthesis, combining a synthesised head image with sound tracks, used by a skincare-sales company to fabricate promotional videos of the blogger, according to the Hangzhou Internet Court (tools not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified face-swap and voice-synthesis tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the CCTV News report of the ruling, a skincare seller used AI face swap and voice synthesis to make more than 30 fake videos in which a beauty blogger appeared to promote its products; the Hangzhou Internet Court found the blogger's portrait rights infringed and awarded the blogger compensation for emotional distress as well as economic loss.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the blogger who brought the case and whose likeness and voice the court found were synthesised into the videos. Viewers and buyers of the products are not counted because no harm to them is reported.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://ipeconomy.cn/mobile/dongtai/11353.html","primarySourceLabel":"ipeconomy.cn (relaying CCTV News), 29 Sep 2026: court rulings on AI face swap","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-26T03:08:11.162341+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-26T03:08:11.162341+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-face-swap","deep-synthesis","voice-synthesis","portrait-rights","livestream-commerce","court-ruling","china","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2024-genoa-university-lecturer-ai-undressed-images-of-six-students-dismissal-upheld-by-administrative-court","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'L’accusa della Procura di Genova nei confronti di un “associato” subito sospeso dal rettore.'; 'Poi le “spogliava” con le app che sfruttano l’intelligenza artificiale. E alla fine le inoltrava su un gruppo Telegram'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'L’indagine, secondo quanto riportano i quotidiani, è partita il 1 ottobre dopo l’esposto del rettore'; 'la polizia postale ha perquisito l’ufficio e l’abitazione del docente, sospeso subito dall’incarico.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"In 2024 the Genoa prosecutor's office accused an associate professor at the University of Genoa of taking photos from students' social-media profiles, 'undressing' them with apps that use artificial intelligence and forwarding them to a Telegram group; the investigation began on 1 October 2024 after the rector's complaint, the postal police searched his office and home, and he was suspended.","causal_attribution":"The AI attribution is the prosecution's accusation as reported by la Repubblica; GenovaToday relays Repubblica and Il Secolo XIX."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'il professore rubava le foto dai social e le modificava con una non meglio specificata intelligenza artificiale. Probabilmente un bot, stando alle evidenze dell'inchiesta'; 'nel computer del docente erano state rinvenute immagini virtuali sessuali corrispondenti a quelle postate sui social. Nel verbale dell'interrogatorio, inoltre, il professore aveva ammesso di aver postato le foto contestate e di averle create con un software.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'aveva “spogliato” con l’intelligenza artificiale le foto di sei studentesse e le aveva condivise su Telegram'; 'Nonché di averle create virtualmente con un software'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"According to the administrative court's judgment as reported, the lecturer took photos of six students from their social profiles, turned them into sexual images and shared them on Telegram; a search found sexual virtual images matching those posted on his computer, and in interrogation he admitted posting the images and creating them with software.","causal_attribution":"Both articles report the same judgment, so they are one origin; the AI description comes from the investigation and the outlets, and the admission as relayed names only 'software'."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Il Tar ha respinto il ricorso del docente dell’Università di Genova che ha spogliato sei studentesse con l’intelligenza artificiale.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'il cui ricorso è stato respinto dai giudici del Tar che ha riconosciuto il «comportamento reiterato e lesivo della sua dignità e onore. Di gravità tale da non consentire l’irrogazione di una sanzione meno afflittiva della destituzione dal servizio»'; 'lesivo della dignità, della libertà, della sicurezza delle studentesse coinvolte'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The University of Genoa dismissed the lecturer, and the TAR Liguria rejected his appeal, finding repeated conduct harmful to the students' dignity and to the university, serious enough that no lesser penalty than dismissal was possible.","causal_attribution":"The dismissal and the court's reasoning are reported from the judgment; the judgment itself was not read."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Il docente era stato accusato di diffamazione aggravata.'; 'Le vittime sono state risarcite, ma a inchiesta penale chiusa è stato l’Ateneo ad avere l’ultima parola'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Dal punto di vista legale, ha dovuto risarcire le vittime.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The lecturer was accused of aggravated defamation; the criminal case was closed and he paid the six students compensation.","causal_attribution":"Reported by both outlets from the same judgment account."}],"effects":[{"label":"six students' photos turned into sexual images and shared on Telegram (prosecution accusation and court judgment, as reported)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.fanpage.it/attualita/spoglio-sei-studentesse-con-lia-il-tar-conferma-il-licenziamento-del-prof-di-architettura-dalluniversita/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian on 2026-10-24; quoted passages were translated into English by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator. Fanpage returned HTTP 403 to the fetcher; read in full through a Wayback Machine capture (web.archive.org/web/2026id_/..., HTTP 200). Reports the TAR judgment and the investigation evidence.","independence_group":"tar-liguria-judgment-2026"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.open.online/2026/09/18/ruba-foto-studentesse-spoglia-ia-professore-architettura-licenziato-universita-genova/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian on 2026-10-24; quoted passages were translated into English by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator. Open returned HTTP 403; read in full through a Wayback Machine capture (HTTP 200). It reports the judgment 'come riporta Repubblica', so it shares the judgment group.","independence_group":"tar-liguria-judgment-2026"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://genova.repubblica.it/cronaca/2024/10/25/news/professore_architettura_spogliava_studentesse_intelligenza_artificiale_genova_inchiesta-423575884/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian on 2026-10-24; quoted passages were translated into English by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator. la Repubblica Genova (HTTP 200); the page is paywalled and only the headline, standfirst and the opening of the JSON-LD article body were read.","independence_group":"genoa-prosecution-2024"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.genovatoday.it/cronaca/professore-spogliava-studentesse-intelligenza-artificiale-sospeso.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian on 2026-10-24; quoted passages were translated into English by the research agent (an AI), not by a human translator. GenovaToday (HTTP 200), which cites Repubblica and Il Secolo XIX for the account, so it shares their group. The page gives the lecturer's initials, which the record does not reproduce.","independence_group":"genoa-prosecution-2024"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education","privacy","justice","work"],"unknowns":["Which AI app or bot was used; the judgment as relayed says only 'software'.","Exactly when in 2024 the images were made and shared.","Whether one of the students was a minor (a 2024 headline says so; its body was not readable).","Who received psychological support: Open says the six students did, Fanpage says the lecturer did.","The date and number of the TAR judgment and whether it has been appealed.","How the criminal case was closed (the charge became prosecutable only on complaint)."],"geography":{"basis":"The investigation was opened by the Genoa prosecutor's office after the University of Genoa rector's complaint, the students were students of that university, and the TAR Liguria (an Italian regional administrative court) decided the appeal.","court_countries":["IT"],"event_countries":["IT"],"affected_person_countries":["IT"]},"publication":{"basis":"Six students were depicted in sexual images made from their social-media photos and shared on Telegram. The AI attribution rests on the Genoa prosecutor's accusation as reported by la Repubblica and on the investigation evidence and the lecturer's admission of creating the images with software as reported from the administrative court's judgment. The university's dismissal and the court's rejection of his appeal are the institutional outcome. The tool is unidentified and the judgment was read only through press reports.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-24"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"According to la Repubblica, Genoa prosecutors accused the lecturer of 'undressing' the students' photos with apps that use artificial intelligence; Fanpage reports that the investigation pointed to an unspecified AI, probably a bot. As reported from the administrative court's judgment, a search found sexual virtual images matching those posted on his computer and he admitted creating them with software. The generated images depicting the students are the harm. The tool is not named and the judgment, as relayed, says only 'software'; the judgment itself was not read.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Italian administrative court upholds Genoa university's dismissal of a lecturer who made sexualised images of six students, reportedly with AI","summary":"In 2024 an associate professor at the University of Genoa took photos from the social-media profiles of six students, turned them into sexual images and shared them in Telegram chats. According to la Repubblica's October 2024 report, Genoa prosecutors accused him of 'undressing' the photos with apps that use artificial intelligence; the investigation began on 1 October 2024 after the rector's complaint, the postal police searched his office and home, and he was suspended. The university later dismissed him. According to Open and Fanpage, which report the judgment, the regional administrative court for Liguria (TAR) rejected his appeal against the dismissal in September 2026, citing a search record that found sexual virtual images on his computer matching those posted, and his interrogation, in which he admitted posting the images and creating them with software. The court found the repeated conduct harmful to the students' dignity and to the university. The criminal case, for aggravated defamation, was closed; the lecturer paid the students compensation. The tool used is not identified.","incidentDate":"2024-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2024-10-25","aiSystem":"An unidentified AI app or bot used to 'undress' photos, according to the prosecution's accusation as reported by la Repubblica and the investigation evidence described by Fanpage; the lecturer admitted creating the images with software","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the prosecution's accusation and the administrative court's judgment as reported, a university lecturer turned six students' social-media photos into sexual images, reportedly with an AI app, and shared them in Telegram chats; the court found the conduct harmful to their dignity, and the lecturer paid them compensation.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":6,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"Open and Fanpage, reporting the 2026 judgment, give six students ('sei studentesse'); GenovaToday in 2024 said 'almeno sei' (at least six). Six is recorded as a documented minimum. A headline about a minor among the students was not read and is not used. The lecturer is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"IT","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"internal_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.fanpage.it/attualita/spoglio-sei-studentesse-con-lia-il-tar-conferma-il-licenziamento-del-prof-di-architettura-dalluniversita/","primarySourceLabel":"Fanpage: TAR confirms dismissal of Genoa lecturer who undressed six students with AI (18 Sep 2026)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-24T03:15:14.430251+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-24T03:15:14.430251+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake-sexual-imagery","university","telegram","dismissal","administrative-court","italy"]},{"id":"2024-beijing-internet-court-ai-synthesised-voice-of-older-parenting-educator-in-book-sales-videos-company-liable","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'2024年，某文化公司为销售家庭育儿类图书，委托带货主播制作短视频开展商业推广。'; '主播发布的多条宣传视频中'; '公开演讲、授课的画面片段'; '同时配置AI合成音频'; '用户点击视频跳转链接，可直接进入该文化公司店铺购买图书。'; '在教育、育儿领域具有一定知名度'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'在“带货主播利用AI技术实施侵权案”中，商家未经许可合成老年人声音用于商业宣传，该声音结合音色、语调、发音节奏及社会知名度，能够识别特定老年人的'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In 2024 a culture company selling family parenting books commissioned a livestream sales host to make promotional short videos; several videos used clips of the plaintiff's public lectures with AI-synthesised audio closely resembling the plaintiff's voice, linked viewers to the company's shop, and were not authorised by the plaintiff.","causal_attribution":"The facts are the court's account in its 16 October 2026 release, relayed by The Paper (detail) and China News Service (the vice-president's summary). Both depend on the same release, so the claim is reported."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'法院审理认为，判断AI合成声音是否构成对自然人声音权益的侵害，核心在于能否识别特定自然人。'; '本案中文化公司未对素材授权情况进行审查，存在过失，与带货主播构成共同侵权，据此判决该文化公司赔礼道歉，并赔偿经济损失及维权合理支出。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'该声音结合音色、语调、发音节奏及社会知名度，能够识别特定老年人的，构成对其人格权益的侵害；委托方未尽审查注意义务的，承担连带责任。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Beijing Internet Court held that the AI-synthesised voice, used with the plaintiff's image and public profile, was identifiable as the plaintiff's and infringed the plaintiff's portrait and voice rights; it found the company, which had not checked the material's authorisation, jointly liable with the host and ordered it to apologise and compensate economic losses and reasonable costs.","causal_attribution":"The ruling is attributed to the court as relayed from its release; the judgment text was not read, so the claim is reported rather than documented. The court's finding establishes the infringement for the purposes of the case."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'在北京互联网法院10月16日发布的涉老年人网络侵权典型案例中'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'这是记者16日从北京互联网法院涉老年人网络侵权案件审理情况新闻发布会上获悉的。'; '已出现非法使用AI技术深度合成老年人肖像或声音用于不当目的的情形'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The court released the case on 16 October 2026 at a press conference on online infringement cases involving older people, and said that AI deep synthesis of older people's portraits or voices for improper purposes has appeared in such cases.","causal_attribution":"Both outlets report the same press conference."}],"effects":[{"label":"voice imitated by AI-synthesised audio and image used without consent in sales videos; court found portrait and voice rights infringed and ordered compensation (court account)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_34262393","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17; no human reviewer inspected the text. The Paper's report of a case from the Beijing Internet Court's 16 October 2026 release of typical cases on online infringement involving older people ('据通报').","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-older-people-cases-release-2026-10-16"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.chinanews.com.cn/fz/2026/10-16/10715820.shtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17; no human reviewer inspected the text. China News Service report of the same Beijing Internet Court press conference, quoting the court's vice-president.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-older-people-cases-release-2026-10-16"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The judgment date, the amounts awarded and whether the host was a party to the suit.","The tool used to synthesise the voice, the platform, and the number of videos and viewers.","The text of the judgment; both reports rest on the court's release.","How the court established that the audio was AI-synthesised; the reports do not give the technical basis."],"geography":{"basis":"The Beijing Internet Court decided the case. The reports anonymise the parties and do not say where the company or host was based, where the videos were published or where the plaintiff lives, so no event or affected-person country is recorded.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): according to the Beijing Internet Court's account, a sales host's promotional videos used AI-synthesised audio identifiable as an older educator's voice without consent, and the court found the commissioning company jointly liable and ordered an apology and compensation. One reporting chain (the court's release, read in two outlets); the parties are anonymised by the court.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-17"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The court's account, relayed by The Paper, says the host's videos set clips of the plaintiff's lectures to AI-synthesised audio whose timbre, intonation and rhythm closely resembled the plaintiff's voice, and the court decided the case as an AI-synthesised voice infringement; China News Service quotes the court's vice-president describing the merchant's unauthorised synthesis of the older person's voice. The AI output is the synthesised voice imitating the plaintiff (depicted_or_impersonated), which the court found identifiable and infringing. The tool is not named.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Beijing Internet Court says a sales host's videos for a book company used an older parenting educator's AI-synthesised voice without consent; company liable","summary":"According to the Beijing Internet Court's account, released on 16 October 2026 among typical cases on online infringement involving older people, a culture company selling family parenting books commissioned a livestream sales host in 2024 to make promotional short videos. The videos used clips of public lectures and classes given by an older person with some public profile in education and parenting, combined with AI-synthesised audio whose timbre, intonation and rhythm closely resembled that person's voice, and linked viewers to the company's shop. Neither the images nor the audio had been authorised. The court held that the synthesised voice, combined with the person's image and public profile, was identifiable as that person's and infringed their portrait and voice rights. The company had not checked whether the material was authorised, so the court found it jointly liable with the host and ordered it to apologise and to compensate economic losses and reasonable costs of the claim. The amounts, the judgment date and the tool are not reported.","incidentDate":"2024-01-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-16","aiSystem":"AI-synthesised audio, made with a tool the court account does not name, whose timbre, intonation and speech rhythm closely resembled the plaintiff's voice, set over clips of the plaintiff's public lectures in a livestream sales host's promotional short videos (court account)","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Beijing Internet Court's account, AI-synthesised audio identifiable as an older educator's voice was used without consent, with clips of the educator's lectures, to sell books; the court found the person's portrait and voice rights infringed and ordered the commissioning company to apologise and compensate economic losses and costs.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the plaintiff whose voice and image the court found were used without authorisation (court account relayed by The Paper). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_34262393","primarySourceLabel":"The Paper, 16 October 2026: court case on AI-cloned voice of an older person used in livestream book sales","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-17T03:03:46.98321+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-17T03:03:46.98321+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["voice-cloning","voice-rights","portrait-rights","livestream-selling","court-ruling","older-people","beijing","china","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2024-pontevedra-three-minors-ai-undress-app-fake-nudes-of-two-classmates-ruling-upheld","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Sobre las 20.30 horas del día 15 de enero de 2024, en la localidad de Pontevedra'; 'se registraron en la aplicación Undress Up, utilizando para ello el móvil y una cuenta de Gmail de uno de ellos, e hicieron montajes de fotos sexuales de dichas menores, empleando la Inteligencia Artificial'; 'fueron capturadas de las historias que ellas mismas subían a Instagram'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'utilizaron la aplicación Undress App para manipular fotografías que las jóvenes habían publicado en Instagram'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"According to the ruling as reported, on 15 January 2024 three boys, then 15, registered with an AI undressing app and used it to make sexual photo montages of two female classmates from photos the girls had posted on Instagram.","causal_attribution":"Facts found by the court, as reported by two outlets; the ruling was not read and the app name differs between the reports."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Al día siguiente, uno de ellos, estando en clase, exhibió las imágenes generadas con IA a otros dos compañeros.'; 'otro de los ahora condenados exhibió las imágenes de las dos niñas alteradas con IA a otros cuatro amigos.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'destaca que las imágenes circularon durante más de quince días entre alumnos del colegio.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The boys showed the AI-generated images to other pupils, in class and during a school trip on 1 February 2024, and the images circulated among pupils for more than fifteen days.","causal_attribution":"Facts found by the court, as reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'El Juzgado de Menores declaró a los tres autores de dos delitos contra la integridad moral y les impuso cinco meses de tareas socioeducativas.'; 'deberán indemnizar con 1.000 euros a cada una de las dos víctimas por el daño moral causado.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'les impuso dos penas de cinco meses de tareas socioeducativas a cada uno de ellos'; 'deberán indemnizar con 1.000 euros a cada una de las víctimas por los daños morales causados'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Juzgado de Menores found the three responsible for two offences against moral integrity, imposed socio-educational tasks on each (reported as two five-month measures by Diario de Pontevedra and as five months by Faro de Vigo) and ordered €1,000 compensation to each of the two girls for moral damage.","causal_attribution":"Court outcome as reported; the judgment was not read."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'La Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra ha confirmado íntegramente la condena impuesta a tres menores'; 'es firme, por lo que contra ella no cabe recurso.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'la sentencia que acaba de suscribir (y otorgarle firmeza) la Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra rejected one boy's appeal and confirmed the judgment in full, and the ruling is final.","causal_attribution":"Court outcome as reported."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'los tres menores fueron objeto de un procedimiento corrector en el centro escolar, que les impuso la sanción de expulsión de 15, 21 y 30 días, en cada caso.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The school expelled the three boys for 15, 21 and 30 days.","causal_attribution":"As reported from the ruling."}],"effects":[{"label":"two classmates were depicted in AI-generated fake nude images shown to other pupils","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.diariodepontevedra.es/articulo/pontevedra/condenan-tres-menores-pontevedra-crear-desnudos-companeras-clase-ia/202610011859211470177.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in Spanish on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200). Researcher translation. Quotes the Audiencia Provincial ruling at length.","independence_group":"audiencia-pontevedra-ruling-2026-10"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.farodevigo.es/pontevedra/2026/10/01/tres-menores-pontevedra-crean-exhiben-134900086.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in Spanish on 2026-10-04 (HTTP 200; dated 1 Oct 2026 19:51). Researcher translation. Summarises the same ruling, so it is grouped with s1 as one chain resting on one court document.","independence_group":"audiencia-pontevedra-ruling-2026-10"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education","privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The exact name of the app (Undress Up in one report, Undress App in the other) and who operates it.","How the girls learned of the images and what effects they themselves describe.","Whether the images spread beyond the pupils named in the ruling.","The date of the first-instance judgment.","Whether each boy received one or two five-month socio-educational measures (the reports differ)."],"geography":{"basis":"The ruling, as reported, places the creation and showing of the images in the town of Pontevedra (Galicia, Spain) and concerns pupils of a school there. The Juzgado de Menores and the Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra are Spanish courts.","court_countries":["ES"],"event_countries":["ES"],"affected_person_countries":["ES"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a core case: according to two regional reports describing a final court ruling, an AI undressing app was used to depict two schoolgirls in fake nude images that were shown to other pupils. All parties are minors and none is identified; no image content is described beyond what is needed.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-04"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Both reports say the ruling found that the boys used an AI app to turn the girls' Instagram photos into fake nude images, and Diario de Pontevedra quotes the ruling as saying they used artificial intelligence. The images depicted the girls (depicted_or_impersonated). The ruling was not read directly, and the app's name differs between the two reports.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Pontevedra, Spain: court upholds sentences on three 15-year-olds who used an AI undressing app to make fake nude images of two classmates from their Instagram photos and showed them to other pupils","summary":"Diario de Pontevedra and Faro de Vigo reported on 1 October 2026 that the Audiencia Provincial de Pontevedra had upheld a juvenile-court judgment against three boys who, aged 15 in January 2024, used an AI undressing app to turn photos two female classmates had posted on Instagram into fake nude images. According to the ruling as reported, the images were made from 15 January 2024 and shown to other pupils in class and on a school trip on 1 February 2024, and they circulated among pupils for more than fifteen days. The Juzgado de Menores found the three responsible for two offences against moral integrity and imposed socio-educational tasks on each (two five-month measures according to Diario de Pontevedra, five months according to Faro de Vigo), plus €1,000 compensation to each girl for moral damage. The school had expelled them for 15, 21 and 30 days. The appeal ruling is final.","incidentDate":"2024-01-15","incidentEndDate":"2024-02-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-01","aiSystem":"An AI undressing app that the ruling, as quoted by Diario de Pontevedra, calls Undress Up (Faro de Vigo: Undress App), used to generate fake nude images from photos taken from Instagram","aiProduct":"Undress Up app (reported)","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Two female classmates were depicted in AI-generated fake nude images that three boys made from their Instagram photos and showed to other pupils, the images circulating for more than fifteen days; a court ordered €1,000 compensation to each for moral damage (ruling as reported by Diario de Pontevedra and Faro de Vigo).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two girls, the classmates whose photos were turned into fake nude images. The judgment orders compensation to each of the two victims, and both reports describe two girls. The pupils who were shown the images are not counted. Exact 2.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"ES","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.farodevigo.es/pontevedra/2026/10/01/tres-menores-pontevedra-crean-exhiben-134900086.html","primarySourceLabel":"Faro de Vigo, 1 October 2026: Tres menores de Pontevedra crean y exhiben falsos desnudos de dos compañeras de clase con IA","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-04T03:29:26.66868+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-04T03:29:26.66868+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfakes","ai-generated-imagery","ncii","minor","school","nudify-app","spain","pontevedra","court-ruling","spanish-language"]}]}