{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-31T08:42:42.258Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"compensation","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"2024","response":"lawsuit","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":2,"coverage":{"cases":2,"countries":0,"languages":1,"unknownLocation":2,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":2,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":2,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2024-hangzhou-internet-court-rules-skincare-seller-used-ai-face-swap-and-voice-synthesis-to-fake-beauty-bloggers-sales-videos","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'前不久，浙江杭州互联网法院审结了这起AI深度合成肖像权侵权案'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"CCTV News reported on 29 September 2026 that the Hangzhou Internet Court had recently concluded a portrait-rights case over AI deep synthesis brought by a beauty blogger against an online skincare-sales company.","causal_attribution":"Existence of the case as reported by the state broadcaster; no judgment text inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'通过AI合成技术，批量制作了30多条虚假带货视频'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the report, from June 2024 the company, without the blogger's consent, took the blogger's published short videos and livestream footage and used AI synthesis to make more than 30 fake videos promoting its products.","causal_attribution":"Facts as found and reported; the AI synthesis is the direct cause of the fabricated videos."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'被告借助AI换脸、音画重组等深度合成技术，批量伪造博主'; '的带货视频，谋取商业利益，侵权主观过错明确，构成对原告'; '肖像权的侵害'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court found that the company used AI face swap and the recombination of sound and image, layering several deep-synthesis techniques, to fabricate the videos for commercial gain, and that this infringed the blogger's portrait rights.","causal_attribution":"Court finding as reported; the court attributes the fabrication to AI deep synthesis."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'其中既有AI换脸，也包括其他深度合成，如头像画面以及声音音轨等组合方式'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A judge's assistant at the court said the techniques included AI face swap and other deep synthesis combining a head image with sound tracks.","causal_attribution":"Court official's description of the AI techniques."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'庭审中，被告当庭认可视频为其合成发布，且未取得原告授权' ... '公司在收到诉讼材料后已主动下架全部侵权视频'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In court the company acknowledged that it had synthesised and published the videos without the blogger's authorisation, but said staff made them out of fun and curiosity and that it took them all down after receiving the lawsuit papers.","causal_attribution":"Defendant's admission and defences as reported."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'综合酌定被告赔偿原告经济损失及维权费用15000元，赔偿原告精神损害赔偿金5000元，并判令被告在涉案平台显著位置刊登致歉声明、持续时间不得少于30日'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court ordered the company to pay 15,000 yuan for economic loss and rights-protection costs and 5,000 yuan for emotional distress, and to publish an apology prominently on the platform concerned for at least 30 days.","causal_attribution":"Outcome as reported."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'两款涉案护肤品累计销量突破十万单，营业额高达740余万元' ... '证据不足以证明其因侵权行为造成的实际损失或被告某网络科技公司的获利情况'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The blogger claimed that the videos drew traffic to the company's shop and that the two products concerned sold more than 100,000 orders with turnover above 7.4 million yuan; the court found the blogger's evidence did not prove the blogger's actual loss or the company's profit.","causal_attribution":"Plaintiff's claim, with the court's finding that it did not prove loss or profit."}],"effects":[{"label":"likeness and voice synthesised into fake promotional videos without consent; court awarded emotional-distress compensation","claim_id":"c6","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://ipeconomy.cn/mobile/dongtai/11353.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-26; English renderings are the agent's own translation. ipeconomy.cn page stating its source as CCTV News (央视新闻), dated 29 Sep 2026, carrying the full report text; HTTP 200. The CCTV original was not located.","independence_group":"cctv-news-report-29-sep-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","justice"],"unknowns":["The date of the judgment and whether either party appealed.","Which AI tools and which platform were used, and how long the videos stayed online.","The CCTV original and the judgment text were not inspected."],"geography":{"basis":"The case was decided by the Hangzhou Internet Court in Zhejiang, China, so CN is the court country. The report does not state where the company operated or published the videos or where the blogger lives, so no event or affected-person country is recorded from the court's seat.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): a Chinese court found that a skincare seller used AI face swap and voice synthesis to fabricate a beauty blogger's promotional videos without consent, the seller admitted making them, and the court awarded the blogger damages including compensation for emotional distress. The record rests on one relay of the CCTV News report; the blogger and company are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-26"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Hangzhou Internet Court, as reported by CCTV News, found that the company used AI face swap and the recombination of image and sound tracks to fabricate more than 30 videos in which the blogger appeared to recommend its skincare products, and the company acknowledged in court that it had synthesised and published the videos without the blogger's authorisation. The court found that this infringed the blogger's portrait rights and awarded the blogger compensation including 5,000 yuan for emotional distress. The AI tools are not identified.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Hangzhou Internet Court rules a skincare seller used AI face swap and voice synthesis to fake a beauty blogger's sales videos, awarding damages","summary":"A CCTV News report of 29 September 2026 says the Hangzhou Internet Court in Zhejiang recently concluded a portrait-rights case brought by a beauty blogger. According to the report, from June 2024 an online skincare-sales company, without the blogger's consent, took short videos and livestream footage the blogger had published and used AI synthesis to make more than 30 fake videos in which the blogger appeared to promote its products. The court found that the company had used AI face swap and the recombination of image and sound tracks to fabricate the videos for commercial gain, infringing the blogger's portrait rights. In court the company acknowledged that it had synthesised and published the videos without the blogger's authorisation, said staff had made them out of fun and curiosity, and said it had taken them all down after receiving the lawsuit papers. The court ordered the company to pay 15,000 yuan for economic loss and the costs of protecting the blogger's rights and 5,000 yuan in compensation for emotional distress, and to publish an apology prominently on the platform concerned for at least 30 days. The blogger's claim that the products sold more than 100,000 orders was not accepted as proof of loss or profit.","incidentDate":"2024-06-01","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-29","aiSystem":"AI face swap and other deep synthesis, combining a synthesised head image with sound tracks, used by a skincare-sales company to fabricate promotional videos of the blogger, according to the Hangzhou Internet Court (tools not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified face-swap and voice-synthesis tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the CCTV News report of the ruling, a skincare seller used AI face swap and voice synthesis to make more than 30 fake videos in which a beauty blogger appeared to promote its products; the Hangzhou Internet Court found the blogger's portrait rights infringed and awarded the blogger compensation for emotional distress as well as economic loss.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the blogger who brought the case and whose likeness and voice the court found were synthesised into the videos. Viewers and buyers of the products are not counted because no harm to them is reported.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://ipeconomy.cn/mobile/dongtai/11353.html","primarySourceLabel":"ipeconomy.cn (relaying CCTV News), 29 Sep 2026: court rulings on AI face swap","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-26T03:08:11.162341+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-26T03:08:11.162341+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-face-swap","deep-synthesis","voice-synthesis","portrait-rights","livestream-commerce","court-ruling","china","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2024-beijing-internet-court-ai-synthesised-voice-of-older-parenting-educator-in-book-sales-videos-company-liable","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'2024年，某文化公司为销售家庭育儿类图书，委托带货主播制作短视频开展商业推广。'; '主播发布的多条宣传视频中'; '公开演讲、授课的画面片段'; '同时配置AI合成音频'; '用户点击视频跳转链接，可直接进入该文化公司店铺购买图书。'; '在教育、育儿领域具有一定知名度'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'在“带货主播利用AI技术实施侵权案”中，商家未经许可合成老年人声音用于商业宣传，该声音结合音色、语调、发音节奏及社会知名度，能够识别特定老年人的'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"In 2024 a culture company selling family parenting books commissioned a livestream sales host to make promotional short videos; several videos used clips of the plaintiff's public lectures with AI-synthesised audio closely resembling the plaintiff's voice, linked viewers to the company's shop, and were not authorised by the plaintiff.","causal_attribution":"The facts are the court's account in its 16 October 2026 release, relayed by The Paper (detail) and China News Service (the vice-president's summary). Both depend on the same release, so the claim is reported."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'法院审理认为，判断AI合成声音是否构成对自然人声音权益的侵害，核心在于能否识别特定自然人。'; '本案中文化公司未对素材授权情况进行审查，存在过失，与带货主播构成共同侵权，据此判决该文化公司赔礼道歉，并赔偿经济损失及维权合理支出。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'该声音结合音色、语调、发音节奏及社会知名度，能够识别特定老年人的，构成对其人格权益的侵害；委托方未尽审查注意义务的，承担连带责任。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Beijing Internet Court held that the AI-synthesised voice, used with the plaintiff's image and public profile, was identifiable as the plaintiff's and infringed the plaintiff's portrait and voice rights; it found the company, which had not checked the material's authorisation, jointly liable with the host and ordered it to apologise and compensate economic losses and reasonable costs.","causal_attribution":"The ruling is attributed to the court as relayed from its release; the judgment text was not read, so the claim is reported rather than documented. The court's finding establishes the infringement for the purposes of the case."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'在北京互联网法院10月16日发布的涉老年人网络侵权典型案例中'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'这是记者16日从北京互联网法院涉老年人网络侵权案件审理情况新闻发布会上获悉的。'; '已出现非法使用AI技术深度合成老年人肖像或声音用于不当目的的情形'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The court released the case on 16 October 2026 at a press conference on online infringement cases involving older people, and said that AI deep synthesis of older people's portraits or voices for improper purposes has appeared in such cases.","causal_attribution":"Both outlets report the same press conference."}],"effects":[{"label":"voice imitated by AI-synthesised audio and image used without consent in sales videos; court found portrait and voice rights infringed and ordered compensation (court account)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_34262393","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17; no human reviewer inspected the text. The Paper's report of a case from the Beijing Internet Court's 16 October 2026 release of typical cases on online infringement involving older people ('据通报').","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-older-people-cases-release-2026-10-16"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.chinanews.com.cn/fz/2026/10-16/10715820.shtml","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese and translated by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-17; no human reviewer inspected the text. China News Service report of the same Beijing Internet Court press conference, quoting the court's vice-president.","independence_group":"beijing-internet-court-older-people-cases-release-2026-10-16"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["The judgment date, the amounts awarded and whether the host was a party to the suit.","The tool used to synthesise the voice, the platform, and the number of videos and viewers.","The text of the judgment; both reports rest on the court's release.","How the court established that the audio was AI-synthesised; the reports do not give the technical basis."],"geography":{"basis":"The Beijing Internet Court decided the case. The reports anonymise the parties and do not say where the company or host was based, where the videos were published or where the plaintiff lives, so no event or affected-person country is recorded.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): according to the Beijing Internet Court's account, a sales host's promotional videos used AI-synthesised audio identifiable as an older educator's voice without consent, and the court found the commissioning company jointly liable and ordered an apology and compensation. One reporting chain (the court's release, read in two outlets); the parties are anonymised by the court.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-17"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The court's account, relayed by The Paper, says the host's videos set clips of the plaintiff's lectures to AI-synthesised audio whose timbre, intonation and rhythm closely resembled the plaintiff's voice, and the court decided the case as an AI-synthesised voice infringement; China News Service quotes the court's vice-president describing the merchant's unauthorised synthesis of the older person's voice. The AI output is the synthesised voice imitating the plaintiff (depicted_or_impersonated), which the court found identifiable and infringing. The tool is not named.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Beijing Internet Court says a sales host's videos for a book company used an older parenting educator's AI-synthesised voice without consent; company liable","summary":"According to the Beijing Internet Court's account, released on 16 October 2026 among typical cases on online infringement involving older people, a culture company selling family parenting books commissioned a livestream sales host in 2024 to make promotional short videos. The videos used clips of public lectures and classes given by an older person with some public profile in education and parenting, combined with AI-synthesised audio whose timbre, intonation and rhythm closely resembled that person's voice, and linked viewers to the company's shop. Neither the images nor the audio had been authorised. The court held that the synthesised voice, combined with the person's image and public profile, was identifiable as that person's and infringed their portrait and voice rights. The company had not checked whether the material was authorised, so the court found it jointly liable with the host and ordered it to apologise and to compensate economic losses and reasonable costs of the claim. The amounts, the judgment date and the tool are not reported.","incidentDate":"2024-01-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-16","aiSystem":"AI-synthesised audio, made with a tool the court account does not name, whose timbre, intonation and speech rhythm closely resembled the plaintiff's voice, set over clips of the plaintiff's public lectures in a livestream sales host's promotional short videos (court account)","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the Beijing Internet Court's account, AI-synthesised audio identifiable as an older educator's voice was used without consent, with clips of the educator's lectures, to sell books; the court found the person's portrait and voice rights infringed and ordered the commissioning company to apologise and compensate economic losses and costs.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the plaintiff whose voice and image the court found were used without authorisation (court account relayed by The Paper). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_34262393","primarySourceLabel":"The Paper, 16 October 2026: court case on AI-cloned voice of an older person used in livestream book sales","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-17T03:03:46.98321+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-17T03:03:46.98321+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["voice-cloning","voice-rights","portrait-rights","livestream-selling","court-ruling","older-people","beijing","china","depicted-or-impersonated"]}]}