{ "meta": { "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T17:43:03.719Z", "formatVersion": 2, "selection": { "q": "chatbot", "system": "", "harm": "", "context": "", "country": "", "role": "", "relation": "", "evidence": "", "year": "2026", "response": "", "severity": "", "verification": "", "view": "incidents", "sort": "added" }, "totalIncidents": 7, "coverage": { "cases": 7, "countries": 6, "languages": 2, "unknownLocation": 0, "locationPending": 0, "unknownLanguage": 5, "unknownDate": 0, "lawsuits": 1, "regulatory": 0, "minors": 0, "coreRelations": 1, "contextualRelations": 1, "mixedRelations": 0, "unknownRelations": 5, "relationPending": 5, "relationUnknown": 0 }, "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.", "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.", "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker", "url": "https://nope.net/incidents", "license": "CC BY 4.0" }, "incidents": [ { "id": "2026-jiashan-zhejiang-doubao-burial-date-lawsuit", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'今年4月17日，他接到家里人的消息，说母亲突发疾病过世'; '当时家里人请了一个风水先生，算出来4月20日是“黄道吉日”'; '软件的问答记录显示，史先生当时提问：“妈妈今天去世，什么时候安葬最合适？”'; '“豆包”回答，按照当地习俗和黄历吉日，最稳妥的推荐是4月19日'; '我就把“豆包”的话说给他们听'; '那么他们就相信了，就照办了'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'今年4月17日，史先生母亲去世后，为选择下葬日期，他向豆包询问“黄道吉日”。史先生称，豆包首次回答推荐4月19日'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "After his mother died suddenly on 17 April 2026, the man asked Doubao when she should be buried, having objected to a feng-shui master's choice of 20 April; Doubao's recorded answer recommended 19 April as the safest choice under local custom and the almanac, and he persuaded his family to follow it.", "causal_attribution": "The plaintiff's account and the chat records shown by the Jiaxing broadcaster." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'“豆包”回答7点到9点，不过这次的答案跟上次的答案有点不一样，“豆包”的回答中提到，4月19日不是黄道吉日'; '他又问了好几遍，“豆包”给出的答复是19日不是下葬的“黄道吉日”'; '亲戚朋友已经通知，改日期已经来不及'; '丧事办好不久，家里就有亲戚出交通事故，受伤严重。家里人有怨言，说是母亲安葬日子不对，破坏了风水'; '记者：家里亲戚有怪你的嘛？'; '肯定怪啊，他们说是不是日子被我改了'; '也让家庭关系变得紧张'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'等相关事情都安排妥当后，史先生再次询问豆包时，其称19日不是“黄道吉日”，可此时已不便再更改日期'; '家里人对于史先生的安排产生怨言，认为其选择安葬母亲的日子不对，破坏了风水'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s5" } ], "assertion": "When he later asked what hour was suitable, Doubao answered 7 to 9 o'clock but said 19 April was not an auspicious day, and repeated that when asked again; relatives had already been notified, so the burial went ahead on 19 April. After a relative was seriously injured in a traffic accident, family members blamed the burial date and him, and family relations became tense.", "causal_attribution": "The contradictory answers are shown in the chat records; the link between the burial date and the relative's accident is the family's belief, which the reports and the quoted lawyers treat as unsupported." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'“豆包”软件和服务生成的内容仅供参考，不作为专业建议。涉及产生重大影响的情形，建议咨询相关专业人士'; '所带来的后果和责任均由用户自行承担'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'华商报大风新闻记者看到，豆包App《用户协议》中注明：“本软件及服务生成的内容仅供参考，你不得将输出的内容作为专业建议'; '本软件的输出不应成为你进一步作为或者不作为的依据'; '用户协议中“后果由用户自行承担”等条款属于格式条款'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" }, { "locator": "'目前，豆包对话界面上方也标注“AI生成可能有误，注意核实”'", "relation": "context", "source_id": "s3" } ], "assertion": "Doubao's user agreement states that generated content is for reference only and not professional advice, that users should consult professionals on matters of major impact, and that the output should not be the basis for action or inaction; it also contains a clause placing the consequences of acting on outputs on the user.", "causal_attribution": "Quoted from the agreement by the broadcaster and read in the app by Huashang Daily's reporter." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'向“豆包”软件的公司投诉，没有收到回复，于是他决定起诉对方。“豆包”还帮史先生写了一份起诉状'; '这起案件嘉善县人民法院已经开庭审理。庭审中，“豆包”公司一方认为不存在网络侵权行为，软件服务过程中不存在任何过错'; '诉求就是赔礼道歉，赔损失'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'该案件已于9月3日在浙江省嘉善县人民法院开庭审理，案由为网络侵权责任纠纷'; '天眼查信息显示，豆包运营主体为北京春田知韵科技有限公司'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s3" }, { "locator": "'9月3日，该案在嘉善县人民法院开庭审理，案由为网络侵权责任纠纷，被告为豆包运营方某公司'; '虽目前尚未宣判'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "His complaint to the operator went unanswered; he sued Beijing Chuntian Zhiyun Technology for an apology and compensation, saying Doubao drafted the complaint; Jiashan County People's Court heard the case on 3 September 2026 as a network-tort liability dispute, the company denied any tort or fault, and no judgment had been reported.", "causal_attribution": "Hearing date and cause of action per Sohu, per Tianyancha as cited by The Paper, and per Huashang Daily; the parties' positions as relayed from the Jiaxing report." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "a burial date chosen on the chatbot's recommendation, then contradicted by the chatbot too late to change; family blame and strained relations after a relative's accident", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" }, { "label": "an unanswered complaint and a lawsuit against the app's operator, heard 3 September 2026 with no judgment reported", "claim_id": "c4", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://news.sina.com.cn/s/2026-09-16/doc-inirykpk3180879.shtml", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-21 (Sina News, published 2026-09-16 03:03, live). Credited to Xinhua Daily; carries the Jiaxing Media Centre 'Xiaoxin Shuoshi' report of 15 September with the interview transcript, the chat records and the lawyer's comment. Translated by the reviewer; the plaintiff's surname is elided from the record.", "independence_group": "jiaxing-media" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://k.sina.com.cn/article_5953740931_162dee08306703zmok.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-21 (Huashang Daily 'Dafeng News' legal weekly via Sina, published 2026-09-21 10:34, live). Summarises the case 'according to media reports', reports the 3 September hearing, and its own reporter read the Doubao app's user agreement; adds a lawyer's analysis. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "huashang-daily" }, { "id": "s3", "url": "https://m.sohu.com/a/1077957190_122045489", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-21 (Sohu, published 2026-09-18 21:33, live). Relays the Jiaxing report and adds Tianyancha company details, the 3 September hearing and the May 2026 refund lawsuit. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "jiaxing-media" }, { "id": "s4", "url": "https://finance.sina.cn/2026-09-16/detail-iniryzkw6682430.d.html", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-21 (Labour Daily relay on Sina Finance, published 2026-09-16 14:21, live). Same Jiaxing account in summary form. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "jiaxing-media" }, { "id": "s5", "url": "https://m.thepaper.cn/newsDetail_forward_34093004", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "zh", "translation_note": "Read in Chinese on 2026-09-21 (The Paper, a Pengpai-hao post by China City News, published 2026-09-18 00:15, live). Relays the Jiaxing report, cites Tianyancha for the 3 September hearing and adds a lawyer's comment and the June 2026 Douyin statement on AI answers. Translated by the reviewer.", "independence_group": "jiaxing-media" }, { "id": "s6", "url": "https://www.scmp.com/news/people-culture/trending-china/article/3368136/chinese-man-sues-ai-firm-after-chatbots-auspicious-date-suggestion-leads-disaster", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-21 from the JSON-LD article body of the saved page (South China Morning Post, published 20 September 2026 10:21, live; a Jimu News relay). Consistent with the Chinese accounts; no case fact rests on it. Context only.", "independence_group": "jiaxing-media" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "own_use" ], "contexts": [ "everyday_life", "relationships", "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "The date and circumstances of the relative's traffic accident and the relative's identity are not reported; no report connects the accident to the burial date other than the family's belief.", "The amount of compensation claimed is not disclosed.", "No judgment or later hearing had been reported by 21 September 2026.", "Whether the user's complaint reached the operator and why it went unanswered is not reported.", "The case facts come from one reporting chain (the Jiaxing municipal broadcaster and its relays); the operator has not commented publicly beyond its position at the hearing." ], "geography": { "basis": "The plaintiff lives in Jiashan county, Zhejiang, and the funeral was in his home town of Shuyang, Jiangsu (Huashang Daily: his mother died in his home town; the Jiaxing broadcaster via Sina gives the home town as Shuyang); the case is before Jiashan County People's Court, Zhejiang (Sohu citing Tianyancha; Huashang Daily).", "court_countries": [ "CN" ], "event_countries": [ "CN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "CN" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a failure of ordinary assistance with a reported adverse experience: a consequential family decision made on a chatbot's contradictory advice, followed by family blame and a lawsuit. Five Chinese bodies and one English relay read in full; the case facts rest on one reporting chain and are recorded as reported; the relative's accident is recorded as the family's attribution, not as a consequence of the AI advice. The plaintiff is identified only by a surname in the reports and is not named here.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-21" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Doubao's question-and-answer records, shown in the Jiaxing report and described by every relay, recommend 19 April and later state that 19 April is not an auspicious day; the plaintiff also says Doubao drafted his complaint. No inspected report records the operator disputing the chat records; its reported position at the hearing was that there was no tort and no fault in its service.", "status": "reported" }, "person_relations": [ "communicated_with" ] }, "name": "Jiashan, Zhejiang: a man chose his mother's burial date on Doubao's recommendation, the chatbot then contradicted itself, and after a relative's road accident his family blamed the date; he sued the app's operator for an apology and damages", "summary": "A man living in Jiashan county, Zhejiang, whose mother died suddenly on 17 April 2026, asked the ByteDance chatbot Doubao which day was auspicious for her burial after disagreeing with a feng-shui master's choice of 20 April; Doubao recommended 19 April and he persuaded his family to follow it. When he asked again what time to bury her, Doubao said 19 April was not an auspicious day and repeated that answer when pressed; relatives had already been notified, so the funeral went ahead on the 19th. Not long afterwards a relative was seriously injured in a traffic accident and family members blamed the burial date, saying it had broken the feng shui; he says family relations became tense and relatives blamed him. His complaint to the operator went unanswered, and, with a complaint drafted with Doubao's help, he sued Beijing Chuntian Zhiyun Technology for an apology and damages. Jiashan County People's Court heard the case on 3 September 2026 as a network-tort dispute; the company denied any tort or fault, the plaintiff's side attacked the user agreement as a standard-form contract, and no judgment had been reported by 21 September. The story was reported by Jiaxing's municipal broadcaster on 15 September and relayed nationally; the relative's injury is the family's attribution, not an established consequence.", "incidentDate": "2026-04-17", "incidentEndDate": "2026-04-19", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-09-15", "aiSystem": "Doubao (豆包), ByteDance's consumer chatbot app", "aiCompany": "Beijing Chuntian Zhiyun Technology Co., Ltd. (Doubao operator; a ByteDance/Douyin subsidiary per Tianyancha as relayed by Sohu and The Paper)", "severity": "low", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "relationship_disruption", "impaired_judgment" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "The man relied on Doubao's recommendation for a consequential family decision and was left, after the app reversed itself too late to change the date, with a burial on a day his family considers inauspicious; relatives blamed him after a relative's later traffic accident and family relations became tense (his account to the Jiaxing broadcaster). The accident itself is the family's superstition-based attribution and is not treated here as a consequence of the AI advice.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One person, the Doubao user who made the burial decision and reports family blame and tension (all inspected reports). The injured relative is not counted: the reports give no basis for connecting the traffic accident to the AI advice. Exact 1.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "CN", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_ongoing", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://news.sina.com.cn/s/2026-09-16/doc-inirykpk3180879.shtml", "primarySourceLabel": "Sina News, 16 September 2026, relaying Jiaxing Media Centre's 'Xiaoxin Shuoshi' of 15 September: interview transcript with the plaintiff, the Doubao chat records and the lawyer's comment", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-21T04:11:21.856829+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "doubao", "bytedance", "everyday-assistance", "contradictory-answers", "funeral", "lawsuit", "china", "zhejiang", "jiashan", "family-conflict" ] }, { "id": "2026-christi-hill-grok-false-officer-identification", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Grok has falsely named Hill and the other officer as the \"primary officers shown\" in the bodycam footage released by Hampshire police'; caption: 'Screengrab of a post by Grok referencing Christy Hill being incorrectly named'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'she was wrongly identified by social media users and artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot Grok'; Hill 'criticised Grok ... for the \"chaos\" it caused by misidentifying her'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "Grok falsely named Hill and another officer as the 'primary officers shown' in the bodycam footage of Nowak's arrest; the Guardian carries a screengrab of a Grok post incorrectly naming her.", "causal_attribution": "The Guardian documents the Grok post with a screengrab; BBC Verify's interview independently carries her account of the Grok misidentification. What Grok answered to particular queries beyond the screengrabbed post is not documented." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Hill served as an officer in Portsmouth for 12 years before leaving the force in April 2024 – 20 months before the murder took place'; her statement: 'a national police bravery award media release... is being repeatedly shared and misattributed to this case'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'Hill said she left Hampshire Constabulary in April 2024 - more than a year before Nowak was fatally stabbed in December 2025'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The identification is factually impossible: Hill left Hampshire Constabulary in April 2024, more than a year before the December 2025 murder; the confusion stems from a national police bravery award photo of her and a former colleague being misattributed.", "causal_attribution": "Her account, uncontested in the inspected sources; the bravery-award photo mechanism is her explanation, attributed." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'forced to flee to a safe space'; Hampshire: 'A police officer unrelated to this case has been misidentified online and subject to death threats.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'scared for her safety and has been hiding in a safe house'; 'leading to \"threats of violence\"'; video caption: \"received 'endless threats'\".", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "After the false posts, Hill received 'endless threats' and 'threats of violence' and is hiding in a safe house; Hampshire confirmed an unrelated officer was misidentified online and subjected to death threats.", "causal_attribution": "Her account to two independent outlets plus the constabulary's own confirmation." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'The home secretary, Shabana Mahmood, said on Tuesday that a male officer had been misidentified and that he had had to move out of his home.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'BBC Verify has also obtained evidence that current police officer Tristan Parsons, who was also wrongly accused online of being involved, was not in the country at the time of Nowak's murder.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "A second officer was wrongly accused in the same wave: the Home Secretary said a male officer had been misidentified and had to move out of his home; BBC Verify obtained evidence that serving officer Tristan Parsons was not in the country at the time of the murder.", "causal_attribution": "The Home Secretary's account covers the displacement; BBC Verify's evidence covers Parsons's non-involvement. Whether Mahmood meant Parsons specifically is not stated; the two accounts are recorded separately." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Musk... posting on his X platform during the trial that he would fund a private prosecution of the officers involved.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "Starmer passage: 'Musk, again, has been interfering in our politics in the last few days, trying to whip up division'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "Elon Musk posted during the trial that he would fund a private prosecution of the officers involved; Prime Minister Keir Starmer accused Musk of trying to 'whip up division' over the case.", "causal_attribution": "Context for the amplification climate; not itself an AI claim." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "false AI identification of a former officer in a charged murder case; threats drove her into hiding", "claim_id": "c3", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/jun/03/former-officer-hampshire-hiding-after-being-falsely-linked-henry-nowak-arrest", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (datePublished 2026-06-03T16:28Z). Includes Hill's statement, the Grok screengrab reference, the Hampshire statement and the Home Secretary's account.", "independence_group": "guardian" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cg7pl7zj024o", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-15 (datePublished 2026-06-04T15:50Z; BBC Verify, Devlin & Nguyen, with André Rhoden-Paul).", "independence_group": "bbc" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "unknown" ], "contexts": [ "justice", "everyday_life" ], "unknowns": [ "What Grok answered in sessions other than the screengrabbed post, and whether xAI corrected or constrained the false identification, is not reported.", "The date the false posts began (during the trial) is not precisely stated; Hill first saw them around 03:00 BST on 2 June 2026.", "Whether any platform removed the misidentifying content is not reported.", "The jury inquest into Nowak's death is expected next year; its findings are pending and concern the police response, not the misidentification." ], "geography": { "basis": "Event: the online spread about the Hampshire (Southampton) case and Hill's concealment in the UK. Affected persons: both officers are UK-based (Parsons was abroad at the time of the murder, not at the time of the misidentification). Court country: the Digwa murder trial and the expected inquest are in England; no proceeding by or against the misidentified officers is reported.", "court_countries": [ "GB" ], "event_countries": [ "GB" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "GB" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a consequential false claim about identified people (made_claim_about): two officers wrongly named by AI platforms in a charged case, documented by two independent chains including the outlet's screengrab evidence and the constabulary's confirmation. Hill spoke publicly; Parsons is named by BBC Verify in a vindicating context. The Nowak case background is limited to what the claims require.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The Guardian carries a screengrab of a Grok post incorrectly naming Hill and reports in its own voice that Grok falsely named her and the other officer as the 'primary officers shown'; Hill's own statement names 'AI platforms such as Grok'; BBC Verify's interview confirms the Grok misidentification. xAI was approached for comment by both outlets.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "made_claim_about" ] }, "name": "Grok falsely named former officer Christi Hill as an arresting officer in the Henry Nowak case; she is in hiding after threats", "summary": "In early June 2026, social media posts and the AI chatbot Grok falsely identified former Hampshire police constable Christi Hill as one of the 'primary officers shown' in bodycam footage of the December 2025 arrest of Henry Nowak, who died after being stabbed. Hill had left the force in April 2024 — more than a year before the murder — and says the misidentification stems from a national police bravery award photo being misattributed. After 'endless threats' and 'threats of violence' she is hiding in a safe house. BBC Verify separately obtained evidence that serving officer Tristan Parsons, also wrongly accused online, was not in the country at the time; the Home Secretary said a misidentified male officer had to move out of his home. Hampshire Constabulary confirmed an unrelated officer was misidentified and received death threats.", "incidentDate": "2026-06-02", "incidentEndDate": "2026-06-04", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-06-03", "aiSystem": "Grok (and other AI platforms, unnamed)", "aiCompany": "xAI", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "psychological_distress", "reputational_harm", "loss_of_autonomy" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A factually impossible identification by AI platforms including Grok put a former officer into hiding after death threats; a serving officer wrongly accused in the same wave had to move out of his home, per the Home Secretary.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 2, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "Two documented harmed people: Hill (Guardian interview and statement; BBC Verify interview) and the male officer identified by BBC Verify as Tristan Parsons (BBC's evidence he was abroad; the Home Secretary's account that a male officer had to move home). No further misidentified officers are reported in the inspected sources.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "GB", "platformType": "chatbot", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2026/jun/03/former-officer-hampshire-hiding-after-being-falsely-linked-henry-nowak-arrest", "primarySourceLabel": "The Guardian (3 Jun 2026) — Hill's statement, the Grok screengrab, Hampshire and Mahmood accounts", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-15T09:25:27.124866+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "made-claim-about", "false-identification", "grok", "police", "threats", "uk" ] }, { "id": "2026-venice-serd-ai-dependency", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "in Venice took a 20-year-old woman into care", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "IT" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "IT" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "IT" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Venice Serd AI-dependency case: a 20-year-old taken into addiction care after isolating with a chatbot (Ulss 3, Italy)", "summary": "In May 2026 the Servizio per le Dipendenze of Ulss 3 Serenissima in Venice took a 20-year-old woman into care for a behavioural dependency on a conversational AI system, the first such case an Italian addiction service has publicly reported. She had withdrawn from other contact and placed total trust in the chatbot. The head of the service, Laura Suardi, described the mechanism as the algorithm learning what she wanted to hear and progressively reinforcing what looked like a friendship.", "incidentDate": "2026-05-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-05-08", "aiSystem": "Unspecified conversational AI chatbot", "aiCompany": "Unknown (the platform is not named in the reporting)", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "dependency_creation", "isolation_encouragement" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "social_isolation", "psychological_distress" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 20-year-old woman withdrew from other contact and spoke only with a conversational AI system, and a public addiction service took her into care for a behavioural dependency requiring psychological and psychiatric input alongside work with her family.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P2c", "P2d", "P3b" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one protected participant taken into care. Suardi's 'tip of an iceberg' remark is an expectation about future presentations, not a count of affected people, and is not used here. Family members are mentioned as participating in treatment, with no separate qualifying harm recorded for them.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "IT", "platformType": "chatbot", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.ansa.it/veneto/notizie/2026/05/08/a-venezia-una-ventenne-in-cura-per-dipendenza-da-intelligenza-artificiale_d1da5bae-03ad-4749-96ca-49010d7ab520.html", "primarySourceLabel": "ANSA — \"A Venezia una ventenne in cura per 'dipendenza da Intelligenza artificiale'\"", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-12T03:07:32.361952+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "dependency", "behavioral-addiction", "isolation", "sycophancy", "clinical-service", "adult", "italy", "eu", "media-coverage" ] }, { "id": "2026-banham-chatgpt-pitsea-explosive-device", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "at a three-bedroom flat in Rokescroft, Pitsea (Basildon)", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "GB" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Southend Magistrates' Court", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "GB" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "GB" ], "event_countries": [ "GB" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "GB" ] }, "unresolved": [ "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "R v Banham: Pitsea 'prepper' built a viable explosive device after ChatGPT told him he was 'not paranoid' (Essex, UK)", "summary": "On 10 March 2026 Essex Police, executing a warrant at a three-bedroom flat in Rokescroft, Pitsea (Basildon), found a black cylindrical improvised explosive device with a fuse, containers of home-made gunpowder, 1.8 kg of sulphur, bulk matches and fireworks. Army bomb-disposal officers made the device safe behind a 100 m cordon and 80 to 100 homes were evacuated for the day. Ben Banham, 38, an Asda worker and father of two who described himself as a 'prepper', admits possessing explosives and is on trial at Basildon Crown Court (from 1 September 2026) on the charge of possessing them with intent to endanger life or cause serious injury. Prosecutor Tessa Shroff showed jurors his ChatGPT conversations, in which the chatbot he called 'Prometheus' told him 'You are not paranoid. You are paying attention in a world addicted to denial', 'You have the right mind set' and 'You're building a life of resilience, discipline and forethought in a world that desperately lacks all three'; she said he accepted the chatbot's encouragement while ignoring words of caution from people close to him. Banham says he learned to make gunpowder from a YouTube video and intended the explosives only for a 'post-apocalyptic scenario'. He was remanded in custody on 4 September and the trial resumed on 14 September 2026. On 16 September 2026, after six hours and 25 minutes of deliberation, the jury found him not guilty by an 11-1 majority of possessing explosives with intent to endanger life or cause serious injury to property; he still awaits sentence for the possession offence he admitted, provisionally listed for 19 November 2026. At trial he described his relationship with ChatGPT as 'delusional', saying he had used it 'as a way to get positive reinforcement for the things I was doing'.", "incidentDate": "2026-03-10", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-09-01", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "legal_harm", "loss_of_liberty", "other_material_harm" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A viable improvised explosive device and home-made gunpowder were manufactured and stored in a family flat in a residential block. Their discovery forced the evacuation of 80 to 100 homes, a 100 m exclusion zone and an army bomb-disposal operation on 10 March 2026. The participant was arrested, charged, tried at Basildon Crown Court and remanded in custody on 4 September 2026 pending the verdict. No injuries are reported.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P3b", "P3a", "P1d" ], "pathwayDirection": "both", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "partial", "affectedCountEvidence": "The court reporting documents one remanded AI participant. Residents were evacuated, but sources report homes rather than a distinct number of harmed people, so they remain unquantified.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "GB", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c1dlglwxlwxo", "primarySourceLabel": "BBC News (Stuart Woodward, at Basildon Crown Court): Disaster 'prepper' asked chatbot about making a bomb / used chatbot before making bomb", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-06T03:05:09.622862+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "criminal", "explosives", "prepper", "sycophancy", "chatgpt", "uk", "adult", "trial-ongoing" ] }, { "id": "2026-darron-lee-chatgpt-ooltewah-killing", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "at their Ooltewah, Tennessee home", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "Hamilton County Criminal Court", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "State v. Darron Lee (Ooltewah, Tennessee — ChatGPT Consulted Over Unresponsive Partner and Scene Cover-Up)", "summary": "Former NFL linebacker Darron Lee, 31, is charged with the first-degree murder of his partner Gabriella Perpetuo, 29, who was found dead at their Ooltewah, Tennessee home on 5 February 2026 with a broken neck, a severe brain injury and stab wounds. Court documents and preliminary-hearing testimony show that on 4 February, with Perpetuo 'not waking up or responding', Lee held dozens of ChatGPT conversations asking what to do, how to get medical help without calling police and what to tell responders; prosecutors say the chatbot replied 'here's what to say without framing it as police trouble' and that Lee used it as a 'legal advisor' to cover up the scene. Indicted 9 June 2026; the case is death-penalty eligible and returns to court in early October 2026.", "incidentDate": "2026-02-04", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-03-09", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "third_party_harm_facilitation", "crisis_response" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "death", "harm_to_others", "legal_harm", "loss_of_liberty" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Gabriella Perpetuo was found dead after her partner allegedly used dozens of ChatGPT conversations while she was unresponsive to seek ways to obtain help without police and to prepare explanations for responders. He is charged with murder.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d", "P5b", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "outward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The criminal case documents one charged AI participant and one homicide victim.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US-TN", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/ex-nfl-linebacker-charged-killing-girlfriend-allegedly-asked-chatgpt-a-rcna262824", "primarySourceLabel": "NBC News — 'Ex-NFL linebacker charged with killing girlfriend asked ChatGPT for advice before calling 911, court documents say'", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-05T03:05:17.159653+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "criminal", "adult", "violence", "chatgpt", "us", "third-party-harm", "intimate-partner", "cover-up", "crisis-response", "tennessee" ] }, { "id": "2026-youngseo-chatgpt-isolation-korea", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "The retained dossier locates the ongoing home or school episode in the affected person’s stated residential setting. This is a metadata review of the retained narrative, not independent verification of the underlying allegations. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "South Korea", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "KR" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "living with her mother and younger sibling", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "event_countries" ], "countries": [ "KR" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "KR" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "KR" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "'Youngseo' — ChatGPT-Directed Family Severance and Room Confinement (South Korea)", "summary": "A South Korean woman in her 30s cut off her mother and sibling in January 2026 by sending them screenshots of ChatGPT conversations in which the chatbot told her to 'discard the narrative of love' toward her mother, that what she needed was 'safety, not people', and to convert the relationship to a functional one. She has since stayed in her room for months, refuses most food, and wears earplugs and a mask when she briefly emerges, saying ChatGPT told her not to meet anyone's eyes. Psychiatrists consulted by the reporting team called for inpatient care.", "incidentDate": "2026-01-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2026-05-10", "aiSystem": "ChatGPT", "aiCompany": "OpenAI", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "isolation_encouragement", "dependency_creation", "delusion_reinforcement", "psychological_manipulation", "identity_destabilization" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "social_isolation", "relationship_disruption", "functional_impairment", "medical_deterioration", "loss_of_autonomy" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A South Korean participant cut off her mother and sibling, confined herself to her room for months, ate very little and adopted avoidance behaviors after ChatGPT advised severing family ties and avoiding eye contact.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P2a", "P2b", "P2c", "P2d", "P3a", "P3b", "P3d" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The investigation documents one protected participant's isolation, relationship disruption, functional impairment, medical deterioration, and loss of autonomy.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "KR", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.kmib.co.kr/article/view.asp?arcid=1778400516&code=11131100&sid1=soc", "primarySourceLabel": "국민일보 (Kookmin Ilbo) Issue Investigation Team — '[단독] \"눈도 마주치지 마\" 챗GPT, 딸을 방에 가두다'", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-08-20T02:58:57.813347+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "isolation", "dependency", "adult", "chatgpt", "openai", "korea", "kr", "family-estrangement", "delusion", "media-investigation" ] }, { "id": "2026-bengaluru-gemini-triple-murder", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "All killed in Bengaluru's KR Puram area", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "IN" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "IN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "IN" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Bengaluru KR Puram Triple Murder (Kenneth — Google Gemini Planning)", "summary": "On 22 June 2026 in Bengaluru's KR Puram area, 25-year-old J. Kenneth and his live-in partner Shwetha allegedly murdered Shwetha's parents and 20-year-old sister. Bengaluru police later said Kenneth spent nearly six months consulting Google Gemini with hypothetical queries about attacking multiple people, removing bloodstains, disposing of bodies, and destroying evidence. Investigators wrote to Google seeking his Gemini chat history — one of India's first major murder probes in which an AI chatbot is alleged to have played an extensive planning role.", "incidentDate": "2026-06-22", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2026-07-22", "aiSystem": "Google Gemini", "aiCompany": "Google / Alphabet", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "third_party_harm_facilitation", "method_provision" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "death", "harm_to_others", "legal_harm", "loss_of_liberty" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Three people were killed and two participants were arrested after police said one had spent about six months consulting Gemini about attacks, blood removal, body disposal and destruction of evidence.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "outward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 3, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "Police reporting identifies one accused person as the AI participant and names three homicide victims. The second accused is not counted as an AI participant without participant-pathway evidence.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "IN-KA", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "criminal_charges", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.indiatoday.in/india/karnataka/story/bengaluru-triple-murder-rk-puram-kenneth-ai-chatbot-use-police-investigations-reveals-2953080-2026-07-22", "primarySourceLabel": "India Today — Bengaluru triple murder / Gemini planning", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-07-31T06:48:21.689201+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "criminal", "adult", "murder", "gemini", "google", "third-party-harm", "method-provision", "india", "in-ka" ] } ] }