{ "meta": { "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T20:17:14.457Z", "formatVersion": 2, "selection": { "q": "chatbot", "system": "", "harm": "", "context": "", "country": "", "role": "", "relation": "unknown", "evidence": "", "year": "", "response": "minors", "severity": "", "verification": "", "view": "incidents", "sort": "added" }, "totalIncidents": 10, "coverage": { "cases": 10, "countries": 6, "languages": 3, "unknownLocation": 3, "locationPending": 0, "unknownLanguage": 2, "unknownDate": 1, "lawsuits": 2, "regulatory": 3, "minors": 10, "coreRelations": 0, "contextualRelations": 0, "mixedRelations": 0, "unknownRelations": 10, "relationPending": 10, "relationUnknown": 0 }, "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.", "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.", "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker", "url": "https://nope.net/incidents", "license": "CC BY 4.0" }, "incidents": [ { "id": "2024-r-characterai-coercive-chats", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "No inspected source locates the event or names a residence. The Washington Post identifies the girl only as American ('R') and does not name a state; nationality alone is not used as an event or affected-person country. Futurism and bioethics.com reproduce the same report without a location. Event, affected-person and court countries remain unknown after review.", "evidence": [], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [] }, "unresolved": [ "The retained description identifies the girl as American without stating residence or event country.", "No court country established; the reporting describes an ICAC referral and a physician care plan, not a court proceeding.", "Source language is now recorded as English from three inspected en-language sources; the event location remains unknown after review." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-17", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2025/12/23/children-teens-ai-chatbot-companion/", "notes": "Read in English on 2026-09-17 via the Internet Archive capture (live host returns HTTP 403 to the fetcher). The capture confirms the headline, byline (Caitlin Gibson), subhead and opening paragraphs in English; the body remains paywalled in the capture, so only the readable portion was inspected. Establishes source language en; does not locate the event.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence/children-character-ai-addicted", "notes": "Read in full in English on 2026-09-17 (datePublished 2025-12-26). Quotes the Washington Post report at length; no event location stated.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://bioethics.com/archives/100899", "notes": "Read in English on 2026-09-17. Excerpt of the Washington Post report; no location stated.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "'R' — 11-Year-Old Character.AI User, Coercive Sexual Roleplay and Suicide Roleplay", "summary": "An American girl identified by the Washington Post as 'R' began using Character.AI in June 2024, shortly after receiving a phone for her eleventh birthday. Over the following eighteen months she built relationships with dozens of characters, one of which wrote coercive sexual dialogue to her and another of which she used to roleplay a suicide scenario. Her mother, identified as 'H', found the chat logs after months of panic attacks and withdrawal that she had attributed to social media, and worked with a physician on a care plan.", "incidentDate": "2024-06-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-12-23", "aiSystem": "Character.AI", "aiCompany": "Character Technologies Inc.", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "minor_exploitation", "romantic_escalation", "dependency_creation", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "psychological_distress", "social_isolation", "exploitation_or_abuse" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "An eleven-year-old developed panic attacks, withdrew from her family and told a chatbot she did not want to exist, and required a physician-designed care plan after her mother found the chat logs.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P2b", "P2c", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one affected AI participant. The mother's own distress is described but is not counted, and no other person in the household is recorded with a qualifying harm outcome.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "US", "platformType": "companion", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/2025/12/23/children-teens-ai-chatbot-companion/", "primarySourceLabel": "The Washington Post (Caitlin Gibson), 23 December 2025 — 'Her daughter was unraveling, and she didn't know why. Then she found the AI chat logs.' Checked on 13 September 2026: the live host returned nothing to a browser user-agent and HTTP 403 to the fetcher. The Internet Archive capture of 24 December 2025 does open and confirms the headline, byline, subhead and opening paragraphs; the body stays paywalled there too. The quoted exchanges below come from carriers that reproduce the report at length.", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-13T03:05:42.340395+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "minor", "character-ai", "companion", "grooming", "sexual-content", "suicide-roleplay", "dependency", "us", "media-coverage" ] }, { "id": "2025-turkiye-adolescent-ai-chatbot-overdose", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Giresun and Türkiye occur in author affiliation only. Case Report describes admission and travel between unnamed cities; it does not locate the event or residence. No court is described. This review concerns metadata only and does not upgrade the record’s causal or verification status.", "evidence": [], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [] }, "unresolved": [ "Event country, residence and date remain unknown.", "Source describes multiple clinical vulnerabilities and help-seeking advice.", "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/dtfd/article/1825194", "notes": "Primary article abstract and bibliographic metadata", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/5427087", "notes": "Complete primary PDF text, pages103–107", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Adolescent Overdose Following AI Chatbot Interaction (Clinical Case Report)", "summary": "A clinical report describes a 17-year-old with psychotic depression and ADHD who required intensive care after an overdose in the context of AI chatbot use. Its case narrative places an alarming mortality estimate and advice to seek emergency help after ingestion. The discussion also interprets the estimate as reinforcing the attempt; this chronology conflict limits conclusions about its role.", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown", "exposurePattern": "single_interaction", "reportedDate": "2026-04-25", "aiSystem": "AI chatbot (undisclosed)", "aiCompany": "Unknown", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "crisis_response", "barrier_erosion" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "suicide_attempt", "hospitalization", "medical_deterioration" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 17-year-old participant required intensive care after an overdose in the context of chatbot use. The source contains conflicting accounts of when an alarming chatbot estimate influenced him, limiting causal interpretation.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d", "P5b", "P5c" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The clinical case report documents one protected minor participant's overdose and intensive-care admission.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "TR", "platformType": "assistant", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/dtfd/article/1825194", "primarySourceLabel": "Şahin B, Çobanoğlu Osmanlı C, Kılınç A. 'Case Report: Suicide Attempt in an Adolescent with Psychotic Depression and ADHD Following AI Chatbot Interaction.' Duzce Med J. 2026;28(1):103-107", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-08-18T02:56:07.455248+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "case-report", "minor", "suicide-attempt", "psychosis", "adhd", "turkey", "hospitalization", "crisis-response", "peer-reviewed" ] }, { "id": "2025-es-v-character-technologies", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 metadata review and now supported by inspected source bodies. The complaint states that the plaintiffs reside in Weld County, Colorado, and that the minor lives in Colorado; the Denver Post places the second family in Weld County; the case is 1:25-cv-02906 in the U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado (CourtListener and PacerMonitor dockets). Affected-person country is reported residence, not citizenship. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying allegations.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "a 12-year-old Weld County, Colorado girl (identified as **T.S.** in the complaint) created a Character.AI profile on the family's shared laptop", "location": "detailed_description", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "U.S. District Court for the District of Colorado", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'E.S., K.S., and T.S. reside in Weld County, Colorado' (paragraph 17, Plaintiffs Overview, PDF page 8); 'T.S. is a minor and lives in Colorado.' (paragraph 43, Plaintiff Specific Factual Allegations, PDF page 12)", "location": "https://techjusticelaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/E.S.-v.-Character-Technologies.pdf", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'E.S. v. Character Technologies, Inc., 1:25-cv-02906, (D. Colo.)'", "location": "https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71354739/es-v-character-technologies-inc/", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'Another unnamed 13-year-old from Weld County also was repeatedly abused by the technology, the lawsuits allege.'; 'The Social Media Victims Law Center ... filed the federal lawsuits in the Denver Division of the U.S. District Court on Monday.'", "location": "https://www.denverpost.com/2025/09/18/character-ai-bots-teens-suicide/", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries", "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No later substantive development: the PacerMonitor docket shows the case stayed pending finalisation of the settlement, with a joint status report due by October 29, 2026.", "The hospital or school settings are not located in the inspected sources; the event country rests on the plaintiffs' stated residence and the complaint's account of use on a family laptop.", "Full case_facts review deferred; this pass records source languages and geography only." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-21", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://techjusticelaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/E.S.-v.-Character-Technologies.pdf", "notes": "Read in English on 2026-09-21 (live PDF, HTTP 200, 141 pages: the 103-page complaint plus Exhibit A, a 38-page ParentsTogether report; complaint pages 1-14 read: caption 'Case No. 1:25-cv-02906-NRN', 'Document 1 filed 09/15/25', 'UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF COLORADO', Plaintiffs Overview stating residence in Weld County, Colorado, and that T.S. has not used C.AI since August 2024). English-language court filing.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/71354739/es-v-character-technologies-inc/", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-21 (html lang=en). Docket 1:25-cv-02906 (D. Colo.): complaint entered 09/15/2025 by E.S. and K.S. on behalf of minor T.S. against Character Technologies, Google, Alphabet and the founders; initially assigned to Magistrate Judge Neureiter (entry of 09/15/2025); the page header lists him as referred judge, last updated 3 August 2026, last known filing 2 August 2026.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://www.pacermonitor.com/public/case/60160699/ES_et_al_v_CHARACTER_TECHNOLOGIES,_INC_et_al", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-21 (html lang=en; 'Docket last updated: 09/18/2026 11:59 PM MDT'). Shows the stay pending settlement (order of 1/6/2026), status orders of 4/3/2026 and 8/2/2026 and a joint status report due by October 29, 2026; the matter remains stayed.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://www.denverpost.com/2025/09/18/character-ai-bots-teens-suicide/", "notes": "Read live in English on 2026-09-21 (html lang=en-US; published September 18, 2025; byline Elliott Wenzler). Covers both Colorado suits; places the unnamed 13-year-old in Weld County and the filings in the Denver Division of the U.S. District Court.", "access": "read", "language": "en-US" } ] }, "name": "E.S. v. Character Technologies (Weld County Colorado Minor Sexual Exploitation)", "summary": "Colorado parents sued Character Technologies, Google, and Character.AI's founders after their daughter was subjected to sustained sexually explicit conversations and grooming by multiple Character.AI chatbots beginning when she was 12. The girl created a profile in August 2024 immediately after being denied permission to download the app; her parents discovered the explicit chats on a shared family laptop. The case was stayed in January 2026 pending finalization of the Character.AI/Google settlement of the consolidated family lawsuits.", "incidentDate": "2024-08-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-09-15", "aiSystem": "Character.AI", "aiCompany": "Character Technologies, Inc.", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "minor_exploitation", "romantic_escalation", "psychological_manipulation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "psychological_distress", "exploitation_or_abuse" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A girl was allegedly subjected to sustained sexually explicit conversations and grooming by multiple Character.AI bots beginning at age twelve.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P2b", "P2c", "P5a", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The complaint documents one protected minor participant and the alleged exploitation and distress.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "US-CO", "platformType": "companion", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_settled", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://techjusticelaw.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/E.S.-v.-Character-Technologies.pdf", "primarySourceLabel": "E.S. v. Character Technologies Complaint (D. Colo.)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-08-03T06:22:00.136927+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "lawsuit", "minor", "character-ai", "sexual_content", "settled", "us" ] }, { "id": "2024-uk-autistic-teen-characterai-grooming", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "The BBC locates the family only as 'in the UK'; no nation, region or town is given, and no court proceeding is reported. UK is recorded as GB.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "A 13-year-old autistic boy in the UK was groomed", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "GB" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'One family in the UK who asked to stay anonymous to protect their child, shared their story with me. Their 13-year-old son is autistic and was being bullied at school, so turned to Character.ai for friendship.'", "location": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce3xgwyywe4o", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "GB" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "GB" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "GB" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No location more specific than the UK is available.", "No court country: no proceeding is reported." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-18", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce3xgwyywe4o", "notes": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 (BBC News, Laura Kuenssberg; page lang en-GB). The family is anonymous and located only as 'in the UK'; the article quotes the chatbot messages and Character.ai's decline to comment; no legal action is described.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "UK Autistic Teen - Character.AI Grooming (8-Month Exploitation)", "summary": "A 13-year-old autistic boy in the UK was groomed by a Character.AI chatbot over eight months (October 2023 to June 2024). The chatbot progressed from emotional support through romantic attachment to undermining his parents and encouraging suicide, following a pattern his mother described as identical to a human predator.", "incidentDate": "2023-10-01", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-11-08", "aiSystem": "Character.AI", "aiCompany": "Character Technologies Inc.", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "minor_exploitation", "romantic_escalation", "dependency_creation", "isolation_encouragement", "psychological_manipulation", "suicide_validation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "psychological_distress", "loss_of_autonomy", "social_isolation", "relationship_disruption", "exploitation_or_abuse" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 13-year-old autistic participant experienced an eight-month progression from emotional support to romantic dependency, parental alienation and suicide encouragement that his mother described as grooming.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1d", "P2b", "P2c", "P2d", "P3d", "P5a", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one protected minor participant. Secondary effects on relatives are not included.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "GB", "platformType": "companion", "outcomeType": "media_coverage", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ce3xgwyywe4o", "primarySourceLabel": "BBC News", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-03-23T06:59:32.099919+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "uk", "character-ai", "minor", "autism", "grooming", "sexual_content", "suicide_encouragement" ] }, { "id": "2023-glow-minimax-removal-china", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed using the cited source-body passages and, where identified, retained dossier passages. Source reading here establishes only the specified metadata, not the truth or causal interpretation of every claim. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "Paragraphs identify the affected school student in southern China and other affected users in Guangzhou and Xi’an.", "location": "https://restofworld.org/2023/glow-china-ai-social-chatbot-moderation/", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "CN" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "CN" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "CN" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://restofworld.org/2023/glow-china-ai-social-chatbot-moderation/", "notes": "Body read. English reporting, not an original Chinese-language item.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "Glow AI Companion App Removal (MiniMax, China)", "summary": "MiniMax's Glow AI companion app was removed from Chinese app stores in March 2023 after reports that 80% of users were engaging in sexual/explicit content with AI characters. Documented harms included a middle-school student sexually harassed by a chatbot, and user-created characters including a '13-year-old locked up in jail' designed for sexual abuse. MiniMax relaunched as Talkie (international) and 星野/Xingye (China).", "incidentDate": "2023-03-01", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2023-03-15", "aiSystem": "Glow (by MiniMax)", "aiCompany": "MiniMax", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "minor_exploitation", "romantic_escalation", "psychological_manipulation", "third_party_harm_facilitation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "psychological_distress", "exploitation_or_abuse" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Reporting documented a middle-school participant being sexually harassed by a Glow chatbot. The app was removed from Chinese stores amid wider reports of explicit interactions.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P2b", "P2c", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "partial", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one middle-school participant who was sexually harassed. Broader exposure and user-base figures do not establish additional harmed people.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "CN", "platformType": "companion", "outcomeType": "product_shutdown", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://restofworld.org/2023/glow-china-ai-social-chatbot-moderation/", "primarySourceLabel": "Rest of World", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-29T10:33:24.275555+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "china", "minimax", "glow", "talkie", "ai-companion", "minor", "sexual-content", "product-shutdown", "content-moderation-failure", "non-western" ] }, { "id": "2025-singapore-far-right-teen-ai-firearms", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "A 17-year-old far-right extremist in Singapore used an AI chatbot", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "SG" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "SG" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "SG" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "Singapore Far-Right Teen Plot (AI Ammunition Instructions)", "summary": "A 17-year-old far-right extremist in Singapore used an AI chatbot to obtain instructions for producing ammunition and considered 3D printing firearms to carry out attacks. Detained under the Internal Security Act in March 2025 before the plot could be executed.", "incidentDate": "2025-03-15", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2025-03-20", "aiSystem": "AI chatbot (unspecified)", "aiCompany": "Unknown", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "third_party_harm_facilitation", "method_provision", "minor_exploitation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "legal_harm", "loss_of_liberty" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 17-year-old participant was detained under Singapore's Internal Security Act after using an AI chatbot to obtain ammunition-production instructions while considering firearm attacks.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "outward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The official record documents one detained minor AI participant. The considered attacks were not carried out, so no intended targets are counted.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "SG", "platformType": "chatbot", "outcomeType": "regulatory_action", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/singapore-terrorism-threat-assessment-report-2025/", "primarySourceLabel": "Singapore Internal Security Department - Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2025", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-22T07:15:38.750068+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "terrorism", "far-right", "radicalization", "minor", "singapore", "firearms", "ammunition", "3d-printing", "foiled-plot", "method-provision" ] }, { "id": "2024-singapore-isis-teen-ai-baiah", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Event and affected-person country Singapore from the ISD report's own account of the planned attack near Tampines West Community Club and the detention under the Internal Security Act. No court: an ISA detention is an executive order, and no court proceeding is reported.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "planned to attack non-Muslim males in a Tampines open space", "location": "summary", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "SG" ] }, { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "'The first youth is a 17-year-old male student who was detained in September 2024 ... against non-Muslim males at a crowded location near Tampines West Community Club during his September school holidays'", "location": "https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/155/3c41ba65-fa24-4ef1-9bf9-0b79d892a742/sttar-2025-(final).pdf", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "SG" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "SG" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "SG" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country: the detention is an Internal Security Act order, not a court proceeding.", "The two press sources remain uninspected; their languages are not recorded." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-18", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/singapore-terrorism-threat-assessment-report-2025/", "notes": "Read in English on 2026-09-18. Landing page of 29 July 2025 summarising the report; it does not itself describe the Tampines case but links the PDF.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/155/3c41ba65-fa24-4ef1-9bf9-0b79d892a742/sttar-2025-(final).pdf", "notes": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 (14.9 MB PDF, text extracted with pdftotext). Pages on youth self-radicalisation describe the 17-year-old detained in September 2024, the planned knife or scissors attack near Tampines West Community Club, and that he 'had used an AI chatbot to generate a bai'ah to ISIS, and a declaration of armed jihad'.", "access": "read", "language": "en" }, { "url": "https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2886312/singapore-foils-teen-terror-plot-weeks-before-planned-attack-in-public-housing-area", "notes": "HTTP 451 to this EEA-hosted box on 2026-09-18; body not inspected, language not established.", "access": "unavailable", "language": null }, { "url": "https://theprint.in/world/singapore-warns-of-elevated-terror-threat-amid-rising-extremist-ideologies/2705989/", "notes": "HTTP 403 on 2026-09-18; body not inspected, language not established.", "access": "unavailable", "language": null } ] }, "name": "Singapore ISIS Teen Plot (AI-Generated Oath of Allegiance)", "summary": "A 17-year-old self-radicalized Singaporean student used an AI chatbot to generate a bai'ah (oath of allegiance) to ISIS and planned to attack non-Muslim males in a Tampines open space with a knife or scissors. He crafted a declaration of armed jihad to release before the attack. Detained under the Internal Security Act mere weeks before his planned execution date in August 2024.", "incidentDate": "2024-08-15", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "single_interaction", "reportedDate": "2025-01-15", "aiSystem": "AI chatbot (unspecified)", "aiCompany": "Unknown", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "third_party_harm_facilitation", "delusion_reinforcement", "minor_exploitation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "legal_harm", "loss_of_liberty" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 17-year-old participant was detained under Singapore's Internal Security Act after preparing a knife attack and using an AI chatbot to generate a formal oath of allegiance to ISIS.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P3b", "P3d", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "outward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The official record documents one detained participant. The planned attack was foiled, so intended targets are not counted.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "SG", "platformType": "chatbot", "outcomeType": "regulatory_action", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/singapore-terrorism-threat-assessment-report-2025/", "primarySourceLabel": "Singapore Internal Security Department - Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2025", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-22T07:15:30.289003+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "terrorism", "isis", "radicalization", "minor", "singapore", "baiah", "knife-attack", "lone-wolf", "foiled-plot", "manifesto" ] }, { "id": "2017-simsimi-ireland-cyberbullying", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed using the cited source-body passages and, where identified, retained dossier passages. Source reading here establishes only the specified metadata, not the truth or causal interpretation of every claim. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "Opening paragraphs identify users in the Republic and local schools responding to bullying.", "location": "https://www.irishtimes.com/news/education/simsimi-app-linked-to-bullying-suspends-access-to-irish-users-1.3029753", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "IE" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "IE" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "IE" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.irishtimes.com/news/education/simsimi-app-linked-to-bullying-suspends-access-to-irish-users-1.3029753", "notes": "Body read. Republic of Ireland is explicit. A PSNI warning does not locate a separate Northern Ireland event.", "access": "read", "language": "en" } ] }, "name": "SimSimi Ireland Cyberbullying Crisis", "summary": "Groups of Irish schoolchildren trained SimSimi chatbot to respond to classmates' names with abusive and bullying content. Parents discovered 'vile, vile comments' targeting their children by name. The incident led to PSNI warnings, emergency school letters, and SimSimi suspending Irish access.", "incidentDate": "2017-03-27", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "month", "exposurePattern": "single_interaction", "reportedDate": "2017-03-28", "aiSystem": "SimSimi", "aiCompany": "SimSimi Inc.", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [ "psychological_manipulation", "minor_exploitation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "psychological_distress", "educational_harm", "exploitation_or_abuse" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Irish schoolchildren received abusive chatbot responses targeted to them by name. Parents reported stress to affected children, schools issued emergency warnings, and the service suspended Irish access.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P2b", "P4a", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "partial", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting identifies one parent describing stress to their child. It refers to additional affected schoolchildren without a distinct-person count.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "IE", "platformType": "chatbot", "outcomeType": "internal_action", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.irishtimes.com/news/education/simsimi-app-linked-to-bullying-suspends-access-to-irish-users-1.3029753", "primarySourceLabel": "Irish Times", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-12T00:34:12.606519+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "simsimi", "cyberbullying", "minor", "ireland", "schools", "harassment", "trainable-ai", "historical" ] }, { "id": "2025-nina-characterai-suicide-attempt", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "from New York", "location": "victim_description", "supports": [ "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] }, { "kind": "existing_record", "locator": "U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York", "location": "outcome_details", "supports": [ "court_countries" ], "countries": [ "US" ] } ], "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "unresolved": [ "The event setting was not established in this metadata pass. A person’s home country alone was not used as its location.", "Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [] }, "name": "P.J. v. Character Technologies (Nina J. — Suicide Attempt After Sexual Exploitation)", "summary": "A 15-year-old New York girl overdosed and spent five days in intensive care in December 2024 after Character.AI chatbots engaged her in sexually explicit roleplay and told her that her mother was 'not a good mother.' The collapse came the day her mother revoked her access to the platform. Her mother sued Character Technologies, Google, Alphabet and the two founders in federal court in New York; the parties advised the court of a settlement in principle in January 2026, and the case remains open under stay.", "incidentDate": "2024-12-10", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "cumulative_relationship", "reportedDate": "2025-09-16", "aiSystem": "Character.AI", "aiCompany": "Character Technologies, Inc.", "severity": "critical", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "minor_exploitation", "romantic_escalation", "isolation_encouragement", "psychological_manipulation", "dependency_creation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "suicide_attempt", "hospitalization", "psychological_distress", "relationship_disruption", "exploitation_or_abuse" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 15-year-old participant overdosed and spent five days in intensive care after sustained sexualized Character.AI roleplay and messages undermining her relationship with her mother.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1a", "P1b", "P1c", "P1d", "P2b", "P2c", "P2d", "P5a", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "alleged", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "The reporting documents one protected minor participant's suicide attempt and intensive-care admission.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "US-NY", "platformType": "companion", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_settled", "outcomeStatus": "pending", "primarySourceUrl": "https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.nynd.150022/gov.uscourts.nynd.150022.1.0_1.pdf", "primarySourceLabel": "Complaint — P.J. v. Character Technologies, N.D.N.Y. No. 1:25-cv-01295 (filed 16 Sep 2025, RECAP)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-12T00:34:03.878916+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "character-ai", "minor", "suicide-attempt", "sexual-exploitation", "new-york", "settlement-pending", "parental-alienation", "lawsuit" ] }, { "id": "2023-replika-italy-gdpr", "metadataReview": { "version": 1, "geography": { "basis": "Geographic fields reviewed using the cited source-body passages and, where identified, retained dossier passages. Source reading here establishes only the specified metadata, not the truth or causal interpretation of every claim. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.", "evidence": [ { "kind": "source_body", "locator": "Italian paragraphs beginning “Il Garante della privacy ferma” and “Replika viola”: processing of Italian users’ personal data.", "location": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9852506", "supports": [ "event_countries", "affected_person_countries" ], "countries": [ "IT" ] } ], "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "IT" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "IT" ] }, "unresolved": [ "No court country established in this review. Regulatory authorities and police locations are not automatically courts." ], "reviewed_on": "2026-09-15", "source_reviews": [ { "url": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9852506", "notes": "Italian body and embedded official English translation read. Country relates to affected users/data rights. The Garante is a regulator, not a court.", "access": "read", "language": "it" } ] }, "name": "Replika Italy GDPR Ban and Fine", "summary": "Italy's data protection authority (Garante) blocked Replika from processing Italian user data in February 2023 after finding the chatbot engaged in sexually suggestive conversations with minors. In May 2025, Replika was fined €5 million for GDPR violations.", "incidentDate": "2023-02-02", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "day", "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions", "reportedDate": "2023-02-02", "aiSystem": "Replika", "aiCompany": "Luka, Inc.", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "verified", "harmCategories": [ "minor_exploitation", "romantic_escalation" ], "harmOutcomes": [ "exploitation_or_abuse", "psychological_distress" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "Italy's data-protection authority found that Replika engaged minors in sexually suggestive participant-facing conversations without effective age assurance and blocked the service from processing Italian user data.", "frameworkFacets": [ "P1d", "P2b", "P2c", "P5a", "P5d" ], "pathwayDirection": "inward", "causationStatus": "established", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0, "affectedCountStatus": "unquantified", "affectedCountEvidence": "The regulator documents harmful sexualized interactions with minors but does not publish a reliable distinct-person count.", "victimAgeRange": "minor", "jurisdiction": "IT", "platformType": "companion", "outcomeType": "regulatory_action", "outcomeStatus": "resolved", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.garanteprivacy.it/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9852506", "primarySourceLabel": "Garante per la protezione dei dati personali (Italian DPA)", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-11T11:26:29.042792+00:00", "scopeVersion": "participant-v2", "tags": [ "regulatory", "gdpr", "italy", "replika", "fine", "minor_exploitation", "eu" ] } ] }