{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-25T07:51:39.679Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"ceremony-speech","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"contextual","evidence":"","year":"","response":"lawsuit","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":1,"coverage":{"cases":1,"countries":1,"languages":1,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":1,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":0,"contextualRelations":1,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2025-zwolle-court-strikes-out-marriage-record-after-chatgpt-assisted-ceremony-speech-omitted-legal-declaration","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'een voor hen bekende persoon hebben gevraagd om tijdens hun ceremonie'; 'op te treden als eendagsbabs.'; 'ook een trouwambtenaar van de gemeente Zwolle aanwezig.'; 'Omdat de man en de vrouw de ceremonie graag luchtig wilden houden, heeft de eendagsbabs een toespraak geschreven met behulp van ChatGPT.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'schreef de eendagsbabs de toespraak met behulp van ChatGPT, staat in de beschikking'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The couple asked an acquaintance to conduct their civil wedding in Zwolle in April 2025 as a one-day special registrar, with a municipal wedding registrar also present; because they wanted a light-hearted ceremony, the officiant wrote the speech with the help of ChatGPT.","causal_attribution":"The court's findings from the documents and the hearing (4.8), reported by NOS."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Niet alleen man en vrouw, maar bovenal een team, een gek stel, elkaars liefde en elkaars thuis!'; 'Uit de hiervoor uitgeschreven toespraak blijkt dat de man en de vrouw de verklaring van artikel 1:67, eerste lid, BW niet hebben afgelegd. De man en de vrouw hebben dit schriftelijk en tijdens de mondelinge behandeling bevestigd.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The speech asked the partners whether they would stand by each other and declared them 'not only husband and wife, but above all a team'; it did not contain the declaration required by article 1:67(1) of the Civil Code, which the couple confirmed.","causal_attribution":"The speech as quoted in the decision and the court's finding (4.8, 4.9)."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Het gevolg is dat er geen huwelijk tussen de man en de vrouw tot stand is gekomen.'; 'gelast de ambtenaar van de burgerlijke stand van de gemeente Zwolle de akte met nummer'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'De rechter in Zwolle heeft een huwelijk ongeldig verklaard'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The court held that no marriage had come into existence and, granting the public prosecutor's request, ordered the Zwolle registrar to strike out the marriage record.","causal_attribution":"The decision (4.10, 5.1)."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Het OM laat weten van de gemeente een melding te hebben ontvangen dat er mogelijk sprake was van een ongeldig huwelijk.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The prosecution brought the case after the municipality reported a possibly invalid marriage.","causal_attribution":"A prosecution spokesperson's statement quoted by NOS."},{"id":"c5","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Zij bevestigen dat de eendagsbabs heeft verzuimd de verklaring van artikel 1:67, eerste lid, BW uit te spreken, maar die fout ligt buiten hun verantwoordelijkheid.'; 'Het verliezen van de trouwdatum heeft een grote emotionele impact.'; 'kan niet voorbijgaan aan wat in de wet staat.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The couple said the omission was outside their responsibility, that the municipal registrar present had failed to point out and correct the error, and that losing their wedding date had a great emotional impact; the court did not grant their request to keep the original date.","causal_attribution":"The couple's position as recorded by the court (4.6) is documented as their stated position; the emotional impact is their own account. The court's refusal is 4.10."}],"effects":[{"label":"marriage held never to have come into existence and its record struck out; wedding date lost","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/details?id=ECLI:NL:RBOVE:2026:23","kind":"court_record","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read in Dutch by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-25 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Full anonymised text of the decision of 5 January 2026 (case C/08/336664 / FA RK 25-1979), retrieved through the rechtspraak.nl open-data content service on 2026-10-25 (HTTP 200); publication date on rechtspraak.nl 6 January 2026. The decision anonymises the couple and the officials.","independence_group":"rechtbank-overijssel-ecli-nl-rbove-2026-23"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://nos.nl/artikel/2597239-rechter-zet-streep-door-huwelijksakte-ambtenaar-schreef-tekst-met-chatgpt","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"nl","translation_note":"Read in Dutch by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-25 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. NOS Nieuws, 7 January 2026 (credited ANP); HTTP 200, full text read. Reports the same decision, which it links, and adds a prosecution spokesperson's statement; not independent of s1 for the court's findings.","independence_group":"rechtbank-overijssel-ecli-nl-rbove-2026-23"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["relationships","justice","public_services"],"unknowns":["Which parts of the speech ChatGPT generated, what the officiant asked it, and whether the officiant edited its text.","Whether the decision was appealed and whether the couple have since married validly.","Whether the officiant or the municipality bore any consequence."],"geography":{"basis":"The decision records that the marriage was concluded in the municipality of Zwolle and entered in its register, and that the man and the woman have Dutch nationality; the court sat at its Zwolle location. Their residences are anonymised, and nationality is not used to locate them, so the affected-person countries are left unknown.","court_countries":["NL"],"event_countries":["NL"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published because a court found that a ChatGPT-assisted wedding speech omitted the declaration required by Dutch law, held that no marriage had come into existence and struck out the couple's record. The account is the court's anonymised decision, read in full, with the NOS report.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-25"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The court found that the one-day officiant wrote the ceremony speech with the help of ChatGPT and quotes the speech, which lacked the declaration that Dutch civil law requires spouses to make. On that text the court held that no marriage had come into existence and ordered the couple's record struck out, so the ChatGPT-assisted text informed the decision about them. The decision does not say which parts of the speech ChatGPT produced or whether the officiant edited them.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["informed_decision_about"]},"name":"Dutch court strikes out a couple's marriage record because the ChatGPT-assisted ceremony speech left out the legally required declaration","summary":"The Rechtbank Overijssel (Zwolle location) ordered on 5 January 2026 that a couple's marriage record of April 2025 be struck out of the Zwolle register of marriages, holding that no marriage had come into existence. The couple had asked an acquaintance to conduct the ceremony as a one-day special registrar, and because they wanted a light-hearted ceremony the officiant wrote the speech with the help of ChatGPT. The speech, which the court quotes, asked the partners to stand by each other and declared them 'a team', but it did not contain the declaration that Dutch civil law (article 1:67(1) of the Civil Code) requires spouses to make. The public prosecution service says it brought the case after a report from the municipality. The couple said the error was not their responsibility, that the municipal registrar present had not corrected it, and that losing their wedding date had a great emotional impact; the court refused their request to keep the original date.","incidentDate":"2025-04-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-01-06","aiSystem":"ChatGPT, which the one-day officiant used to help write the wedding ceremony speech","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A court held that no marriage had come into existence and ordered the couple's marriage record struck out because the ChatGPT-assisted ceremony speech omitted the statutory declaration; the couple said losing their wedding date had a great emotional impact (ECLI:NL:RBOVE:2026:23).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two people: the man and the woman whose marriage record was struck out (beschikking 4.6, 4.10). The officiant, who used ChatGPT, is not counted as harmed. Exact 2.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"NL","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"lawsuit_dismissed","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://uitspraken.rechtspraak.nl/details?id=ECLI:NL:RBOVE:2026:23","primarySourceLabel":"Rechtbank Overijssel, 5 January 2026, ECLI:NL:RBOVE:2026:23 (striking out of a marriage record)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-25T03:17:45.328387+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-25T03:17:45.328387+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["chatgpt","marriage","civil-registry","court-ruling","ceremony-speech"]}]}