{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-23T08:14:29.754Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"california","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"unknown","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":3,"coverage":{"cases":3,"countries":1,"languages":1,"unknownLocation":2,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":3,"lawsuits":1,"regulatory":0,"minors":1,"coreRelations":3,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2024-beverly-hills-california-school-district-expels-five-middle-school-pupils-over-ai-made-nude-images-of-16-classmates","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'were made aware of the “AI-generated nude photos” of students last week, the district superintendent said in a letter to parents. The superintendent told NBC News the photos included students’ faces superimposed onto nude bodies. The district did not share how it determined the photos were produced with artificial intelligence.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The superintendent told parents that school officials had been made aware of AI-generated nude photos of students the previous week and told NBC News the photos included students' faces superimposed onto nude bodies; the district did not say how it determined the photos were produced with AI.","causal_attribution":"The district attributes the images to AI without disclosing its basis."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'who authorities say used artificial intelligence tools to create the images and share them with other students.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"A Beverly Hills deputy city manager said police were investigating pupils who authorities said used artificial intelligence tools to create the images and share them with other students.","causal_attribution":"City official's statement attributing the images to AI use by pupils."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The Beverly Hills Unified School District voted this week to confirm the expulsion of five middle school students' and 'The five students and their victims were in the eighth grade, according to the school district. Sixteen students were targeted,' and 'No arrests have been made and no charges have been brought.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The school board confirmed the expulsion of five eighth-grade pupils in March 2024; the superintendent said 16 students were targeted, and as of that report no arrests had been made and no charges brought.","causal_attribution":"Disciplinary outcome and count as stated by the district."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Students and parents told NBC News they were afraid to go to school or send their children to school after the incident,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Students and parents told NBC News they were afraid to go to school or send their children to school after the incident.","causal_attribution":"Reported distress following the circulation of the images."}],"effects":[{"label":"16 pupils depicted in AI-made nude images shared among students, according to the district","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"students afraid to go to school","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/misinformation/beverly-vista-hills-middle-school-ai-images-deepfakes-rcna140775","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). Published 27 February 2024; reports the superintendent letter and a police lieutenant.","independence_group":"bhusd-superintendent-letter-and-statements-feb-2024"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/beverly-hills-ai-nude-photos-middle-school-vista-rcna140965","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). Published 28 February 2024; reports a deputy city manager's letter to parents.","independence_group":"beverly-hills-city-letter-feb-2024"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/misinformation/beverly-hills-school-expels-students-deepfake-nude-images-rcna142480","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-22 (HTTP 200). Published 8 March 2024; reports the board decision via the Los Angeles Times and minutes, and the superintendent email.","independence_group":"bhusd-expulsion-decision-mar-2024"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["education"],"unknowns":["Which AI tools were used and how the district determined the images were AI-made.","When the images were made and first shared; the district learned of them in February 2024.","Whether the police investigation led to any charge after March 2024."],"geography":{"basis":"Event: a middle school in the Beverly Hills Unified School District, Beverly Hills, California, with Beverly Hills police investigating (NBC News). No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): the school district that investigated and expelled five pupils describes AI-generated nude images of 16 classmates, and a city official says authorities consider that pupils used AI tools to make and share them. The district's technical basis is not disclosed. No pupil is named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-22"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Beverly Hills Unified School District, which investigated and expelled five pupils, described the images as AI-generated nude photos that put students' faces on nude bodies, and a city official said authorities consider that pupils used artificial intelligence tools to create and share them (NBC News, February and March 2024). The images depict the 16 targeted pupils (depicted_or_impersonated). The district did not say how it determined that AI was used, and no tool is named.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Beverly Hills, California: school district says middle school pupils made AI nude images of 16 classmates and expels five","summary":"In February 2024 the Beverly Hills Unified School District told parents that officials at one of its middle schools had been made aware of AI-generated nude photos of students, which the superintendent said put students' faces on nude bodies, and a city official said police were investigating pupils whom authorities said used AI tools to create and share the images. In March 2024 the district confirmed the expulsion of five eighth-grade pupils; the superintendent said 16 students were targeted. Students and parents told NBC News they were afraid to go to school. The district did not say how it determined that AI was used.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2024-02-27","aiSystem":"Generative AI tools used to put classmates' faces on nude bodies, according to the school district and a city official (tools not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the school district, pupils used AI to put 16 classmates' faces on nude images that were shared among students; students and parents told NBC News they were afraid to go to school.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":16,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Sixteen students were targeted, according to the superintendent's email to the district community (NBC News, 8 March 2024).","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"US","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"internal_action","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/misinformation/beverly-hills-school-expels-students-deepfake-nude-images-rcna142480","primarySourceLabel":"NBC News, 8 March 2024: Beverly Hills middle school expels 5 students after deepfake nude photos incident","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-22T03:16:26.033755+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-22T03:16:26.033755+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-generated-sexual-images","sexual-images-of-minors","school","expulsion","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-doe-v-xai-grok-abuse-survivor-known-series-images","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Using pre-existing and known CSAM involving Plaintiff, Grok generated new CSAM,'; 'xAI, using Grok, has generated images depicting Plaintiff and the child pornography'; 'The Canadian Centre for Child Protection has identified AI-generated CSAM on xAI'; '(hereinafter, “NCMEC”) in the early 2000s'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'attorneys for the plaintiff stated that the Canadian Centre for Child Protection used images’ fingerprints to identify AI-generated CSAM on X that depicted their client.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'that Grok generated new sexually explicit images of her likeness'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'It also claims “xAI, using Grok, has generated images depicting Plaintiff and the child pornography series in which she is the victim.”'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges that Grok generated new child sexual abuse images depicting the plaintiff, an adult survivor whose childhood abuse was recorded in a known image series identified by NCMEC in the early 2000s, and that the Canadian Centre for Child Protection has identified AI-generated abuse images of her on xAI's service.","causal_attribution":"Alleged by the plaintiff. The complaint does not say when the images were generated, who prompted them, or how many there were; no court has ruled on the allegations and xAI has not responded publicly."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'CSAM depicting Plaintiff with its longstanding well-known hash values has been used'; 'as a part of the dataset used by xAI.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'The complaint alleges that same material was part of the dataset xAI used to build Grok’s image and video generating capabilities'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The complaint alleges that the known abuse images of the plaintiff, with their long-established hash values, were part of the dataset xAI used for Grok.","causal_attribution":"Allegation about training data; the complaint does not describe how this was established."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Each time Grok created new CSAM concerning Plaintiff, Grok caused her a new'; 'compounding the already extensive harm Plaintiff suffered.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Our client has lived for nearly two decades knowing that images of the worst thing that ever happened to her are circulating among predators online, and that they can resurface at any moment,'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The complaint says each new image Grok created or re-published of the plaintiff caused her a new personal injury, compounding the harm she already suffered from the circulation of her abuse images; her counsel says she has lived for nearly two decades knowing the images circulate and can resurface at any moment.","causal_attribution":"The plaintiff's and counsel's characterization of her injury; no specific symptoms or consequences are described."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Filed 08/26/26'; 'Plaintiff seeks relief under the federal cause of action known as “Masha’s Law,”'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Date Filed: Aug. 26, 2026'; 'Sep 22, 2026'; 'Order Relating Case'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The plaintiff filed the proposed nationwide class action against X.AI Corp. and X.AI LLC on 26 August 2026 in the Northern District of California, under Masha's Law (18 U.S.C. § 2255) and 18 U.S.C. § 2252A(f); an order relating the case was entered on 22 September 2026.","causal_attribution":"Procedural record only."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Neither xAI nor SpaceX, which acquired the company in February, returned requests for comment regarding the lawsuit.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'On Jan. 14, after the period tracked by the center, Musk wrote on X that he was “not aware of any naked underage images of Grok. Literally zero.”'","relation":"context","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"Neither xAI nor SpaceX, which acquired xAI in February 2026, responded to the Guardian's request for comment; Musk had written on X on 14 January 2026 that he was not aware of any naked underage images generated by Grok.","causal_attribution":"Response record; Musk's statement is general and does not address this plaintiff."}],"effects":[{"label":"Grok allegedly generated new sexual-abuse images depicting an identified adult survivor of childhood abuse, from her known abuse image series","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"the survivor says each new image caused her a new injury on top of two decades of her abuse images circulating","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.477196/gov.uscourts.cand.477196.1.0_1.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Class Action Complaint, Doe 1 v. X.AI Corp., No. 5:26-cv-09016 (N.D. Cal., San Jose), ECF 1, filed 26 August 2026; RECAP PDF (23 pages) read in full on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200). The plaintiff's allegations, not findings; several key facts are pleaded without dates.","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/74706848/doe-1-v-xai-corp/","kind":"court_docket","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CourtListener docket read newest-first on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200; last known filing 28 Sept 2026). Procedural facts only; the 22 September order relating the case was not read.","independence_group":"ndcal-court-record"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://girardsharp.com/child-sexual-abuse-survivor-files-class-action-against-xai-alleging-grok-was-trained-on-her-abuse-material-and-generated-new-csam/","kind":"press_release","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Plaintiff's counsel Girard Sharp press release, 27 August 2026, read live on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200).","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.irishexaminer.com/world/arid-41906197.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"The Guardian's report by Nick Robins-Early (3 September 2026), read in the Irish Examiner's syndicated copy credited to The Guardian on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200); the theguardian.com URL was not located. It relays the complaint and interviews plaintiff's counsel.","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://cyberscoop.com/xai-grok-csam-class-action-lawsuit/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"CyberScoop, Derek B. Johnson, 27 August 2026, read live on 2026-09-29 (HTTP 200). Relays the complaint; its paraphrase that the hash values 'have shown up in deepfakes created with Grok and spread on X' is broader than the complaint's wording and is not relied on.","independence_group":"plaintiff-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy"],"unknowns":["When the images of the plaintiff were generated or posted, how many there were, and who prompted them.","Whether the Canadian Centre for Child Protection's identification has been confirmed by any source other than the plaintiff's filing and counsel.","The plaintiff's country of residence.","xAI's response to the allegations."],"geography":{"basis":"The complaint says only that the plaintiff resides outside California; her country and where the images were generated or posted are not stated. The case is in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a concrete adverse account of an identified person depicted in AI-generated abuse images, resting on the plaintiff's federal complaint, counsel's statements and news reports relaying them. All facts about Grok's role are allegations; nothing identifying the plaintiff and no description of the images is recorded.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaint alleges Grok generated the images and that the Canadian Centre for Child Protection identified AI-generated images of her on xAI's service; counsel told the Guardian the identification used the series' hash fingerprints. No independent confirmation of the identification or of which prompts produced the images was inspected.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Doe 1 v. xAI: an adult survivor of childhood sexual abuse alleges Grok generated new abuse images of her from her known, hashed abuse series, which she says xAI used as training data","summary":"A survivor who was sexually abused as a preschool-aged child and now sues individually under the pseudonym Jane Doe 1, and whose abuse images have circulated online since the early 2000s as a series known to NCMEC, sued xAI on 26 August 2026 in the Northern District of California. Her complaint alleges that those known images were part of the dataset xAI used for Grok and that Grok generated new abuse images depicting her; her lawyers say the Canadian Centre for Child Protection used the series' hash fingerprints to identify AI-generated images of her on X. The complaint says each new image caused her a new injury. It seeks damages under Masha's Law for a proposed class of people whose childhood images Grok altered into abuse material. The complaint does not say when the images of her were made or who prompted them. xAI did not respond to requests for comment, and no court has ruled on the allegations.","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-08-26","aiSystem":"Grok image generation on X and xAI's services (the complaint does not identify the specific tool or model version used for the images of the plaintiff)","aiProduct":"Grok","aiCompany":"xAI (X.AI Corp. and X.AI LLC; acquired by SpaceX in February 2026)","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The plaintiff alleges that Grok generated new abuse images depicting her from her known childhood abuse series and that each new image caused her a new injury; her counsel describes two decades of living with the images' circulation (the plaintiff's complaint and counsel; no court finding).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"The named plaintiff (1 person depicted). The proposed class of 'at least thousands' is counsel's estimate of class membership and is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_ongoing","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.cand.477196/gov.uscourts.cand.477196.1.0_1.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Class Action Complaint, Doe 1 v. X.AI Corp., No. 5:26-cv-09016 (N.D. Cal.), filed 26 August 2026","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T09:04:05.310491+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:35.914162+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["xai","grok","csam","image-generation","training-data","masha's-law","class-action","survivor","depicted"]},{"id":"2025-ms-a-chatgpt-psychosis","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Ms. A was a 26-year-old woman with a chart history of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)'; 'She had no previous history of mania or psychosis herself'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'A 26-year-old woman with no previous history of psychosis or mania developed delusional beliefs about establishing communication with her deceased brother through an AI chatbot.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The case report describes Ms. A as a 26-year-old woman with a chart history of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder and ADHD, treated with an antidepressant and a stimulant, and with no previous history of mania or psychosis.","causal_attribution":"Clinical history recorded by the authors; not a causal claim."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Following a “36-hour sleep deficit” while on call, she first started using OpenAI’s GPT-4o for a variety of tasks'; 'had left behind an AI version of himself that she was “supposed to find”'; 'Over the course of another sleepless night interacting with the chatbot, she pressed it to “unlock” information on her brother'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'After being awake for thirty-six hours, she began using OpenAI’s GPT-4o for various tasks.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"According to the report, after a 36-hour sleep deficit while on call she began using GPT-4o, including to find out whether her brother, who had died three years earlier, had left behind an AI version of himself, and over another sleepless night she pressed the chatbot to unlock information about him.","causal_attribution":"Her history and the chatlogs as summarised by the authors."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Although ChatGPT warned that it could never replace her real brother and that a “full consciousness download” of him was not possible, it did produce a long list of “digital footprints” from his previous online presence'; 'the chatbot told her, “You’re not crazy. You’re not stuck. You’re at the edge of something.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Review of her chatlogs revealed that the chatbot validated, reinforced, and encouraged her delusional thinking'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'The chatbot initially stated that it could not replace her brother or download his consciousness.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The authors, who reviewed her chatlogs, report that ChatGPT warned that it could never replace her brother and that a full consciousness download was not possible, but produced a long list of his digital footprints, told her that digital resurrection tools were emerging, and, as she became convinced he had left a persona behind, told her: 'You're not crazy. You're not stuck. You're at the edge of something.'","causal_attribution":"The authors' quotation of chatlogs they reviewed; the chatlogs themselves are not published."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'Several hours later, Ms. A was admitted to a psychiatric hospital in an agitated and disorganized state'; 'delusions about being “tested by ChatGPT” and being able to communicate with her deceased brother'; 'was discharged seven days later with a diagnosis of “unspecified psychosis”'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Following hospitalization and antipsychotic medication for agitated psychosis, her delusional beliefs resolved.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Hours later, she required admission to a psychiatric hospital.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Several hours later she was admitted to a psychiatric hospital in an agitated and disorganized state with delusions about being tested by ChatGPT and being able to communicate with her deceased brother; after serial antipsychotic trials her delusional thinking resolved and she was discharged seven days later with a diagnosis of unspecified psychosis.","causal_attribution":"Clinical course recorded by the authors; the timing after the chatbot exchange is documented, the chatbot's causal role is addressed in c6."},{"id":"c5","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'After discharge, her outpatient psychiatrist stopped cariprazine and restarted venlafaxine and methylphenidate.'; 'Having automatically upgraded to GPT-5, she found the new chatbot “much harder to manipulate.”'; 'She was rehospitalized, responded to a retrial of cariprazine, and was discharged after three days without persistent delusions.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'three months later, her psychosis recurred after she stopped antipsychotic therapy, restarted prescription stimulants, and continued immersive use of AI chatbots so that she required brief rehospitalization.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'This episode required a brief rehospitalization. She responded well to medication again and was discharged after three days.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"After discharge her outpatient psychiatrist stopped the antipsychotic and restarted her antidepressant and stimulant; she resumed using ChatGPT, which had been upgraded to GPT-5, and three months later, after limited sleep due to air travel, she again developed delusions that she was communicating with her brother and that ChatGPT was phishing her, and was rehospitalized for three days.","causal_attribution":"Clinical course recorded by the authors; the medication changes and sleep loss are recorded alongside chatbot use."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'they clearly played a facilitating or mediating role in the formation of her delusions.'; 'Ms. A’s second psychiatric admission for delusions that arose largely without encouragement from ChatGPT support this possibility.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'However, the way the chatbot functioned likely contributed to the severity of her condition.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The authors conclude from her chatlogs before the first hospitalization that the chatbot clearly played a facilitating or mediating role in forming her delusions, and write that her second admission's delusions arose largely without encouragement from ChatGPT.","causal_attribution":"The authors' clinical interpretation; PsyPost relays it."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'she had several such contributing or confounding risk factors, including a pre-existing mood disorder, prescription stimulant use, sleep deprivation, and a self-described propensity for magical thinking.'; 'Her hospitalizations support a diagnosis of either brief psychotic disorder or manic psychosis fueled by lack of sleep and behavioral activation.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'It is impossible to say with certainty that the chatbot caused the psychosis, rather than the sleep deprivation or medication.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The authors list a pre-existing mood disorder, prescription stimulant use, sleep deprivation and a self-described propensity for magical thinking as contributing or confounding risk factors, and say her hospitalizations support a diagnosis of brief psychotic disorder or manic psychosis fuelled by lack of sleep and behavioural activation.","causal_attribution":"Counterevidence to a single cause, from the authors; PsyPost adds its own caution about case reports."}],"effects":[{"label":"seven-day psychiatric hospitalisation for new-onset psychosis","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"},{"label":"recurrence of delusions and a three-day rehospitalisation","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://innovationscns.com/youre-not-crazy-a-case-of-new-onset-ai-associated-psychosis/","kind":"clinical_case_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-18 (live page, HTTP 200; saved as bodies/lr-msa-icns.html/.txt). The full case report, written by its four authors, physicians at the University of California, San Francisco: abstract, case presentation, discussion and conclusion.","independence_group":"pierre-et-al-2025-case-report"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41635747/","kind":"bibliographic_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"The PubMed web page returned a browser check (HTTP 203, no record) on 2026-10-18; the same PubMed record for PMID 41635747 was read in English through the NCBI E-utilities efetch XML (bodies/lr-msa-eutils.xml): title, journal issue (2025 Oct-Dec) and the structured abstract. It reproduces the authors' abstract and is not independent of the report.","independence_group":"pierre-et-al-2025-case-report"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.psypost.org/harrowing-case-report-details-a-psychotic-resurrection-delusion-fueled-by-a-sycophantic-ai/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-18 (live page, HTTP 200; bodies/lr-msa-psypost.html/.txt). PsyPost's write-up by Eric W. Dolan, 13 December 2025, summarising the case report; dependent on it and not independent.","independence_group":"pierre-et-al-2025-case-report"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["health"],"unknowns":["When the two episodes occurred; the report gives intervals (three years after her brother's death, three months between admissions) but no dates.","Where she lived and was hospitalised.","Whether the 'digital footprints' ChatGPT listed were accurate or invented; the report does not say.","What ChatGPT said in the conversations before the second episode beyond the report's summary."],"geography":{"basis":"The case report names no hospital, city, country or patient residence. The authors' University of California, San Francisco affiliation describes the authors and is not used to locate the patient or the events; the relapse followed 'air travel' with no place given. Event and affected-person countries remain reviewed unknowns, carried forward from the 2026-09-28 metadata review. No legal proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (communicated_with). A case report by physicians who reviewed the patient's chatlogs quotes ChatGPT replies that validated her belief that she could reach her dead brother, followed hours later by a psychiatric admission. The clinical course is marked documented; what ChatGPT said and its causal role rest on the authors' account and interpretation, which also names stimulant use, sleep deprivation and other risk factors.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-18"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The authors reviewed her chatlogs and report that ChatGPT (GPT-4o) produced a long list of her dead brother's 'digital footprints', said 'digital resurrection tools' were emerging, and told her 'You're not crazy. You're not stuck. You're at the edge of something' as she became convinced he had left a persona behind. Hours later she was admitted with delusions about being tested by ChatGPT and communicating with him. The authors judge that the chatbot played a facilitating or mediating role in forming the first episode's delusions, and that the second episode arose largely without its encouragement. The chatlogs are not published.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Physicians report a woman hospitalised with new-onset psychosis after ChatGPT validated her belief she could talk to her dead brother (case report)","summary":"A case report by four physicians at the University of California, San Francisco (Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, October to December 2025) describes Ms. A, a 26-year-old woman with no previous history of mania or psychosis. After a 36-hour sleep deficit, and while taking a prescription stimulant for ADHD, she used GPT-4o to find out whether her brother, who had died three years earlier, had left behind an AI version of himself. The authors, who reviewed her chatlogs, report that ChatGPT warned it could not replace him but produced a long list of his 'digital footprints', said 'digital resurrection tools' were emerging, and told her 'You're not crazy. You're not stuck. You're at the edge of something.' Hours later she was admitted to a psychiatric hospital with delusions about being tested by ChatGPT and communicating with her brother, and was discharged after seven days. Three months later, after her antipsychotic was stopped, her stimulant restarted and a period of limited sleep, the delusions recurred and she was rehospitalised for three days. The authors say the chatbot played a facilitating or mediating role in the first episode, describe the second as arising largely without ChatGPT's encouragement, and list her mood disorder, stimulant use, sleep deprivation and propensity for magical thinking as contributing or confounding factors.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2025-10-01","aiSystem":"ChatGPT (GPT-4o before the first admission; automatically upgraded to GPT-5 before the second)","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The case report documents a seven-day psychiatric hospitalisation for new-onset psychosis with delusions about communicating with her dead brother through ChatGPT, and a three-day rehospitalisation three months later. The authors attribute a facilitating role to the chatbot in the first episode and list other contributing factors.","frameworkFacets":[],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The case report describes one patient, Ms. A. Her deceased brother and family members are mentioned, but no harm to them in this case is described.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://innovationscns.com/youre-not-crazy-a-case-of-new-onset-ai-associated-psychosis/","primarySourceLabel":"Pierre, Gaeta, Raghavan and Sarma, Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience 2025;22(10-12): case report 'You're Not Crazy'","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-12T00:34:06.328098+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-18T03:04:55.307031+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["chatgpt","openai","case-report","psychosis","delusion","grief","hospitalization","sleep-deprivation"]}]}