{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-23T08:48:31.263Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"bc","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"unknown","evidence":"","year":"2025","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":2,"coverage":{"cases":2,"countries":2,"languages":1,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":0,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":2,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":2},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2025-st-andrews-medical-student-dissertation-ai-misconduct-finding-upheld-then-overturned","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'to receive an academic misconduct alert saying the dissertation he had spent his summer writing had been flagged as being AI-generated'; 'was assessed by two human markers'; 'One of them raised concerns over the potential use of AI.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The student received an academic misconduct alert saying his dissertation had been flagged as AI-generated, after one of two human markers raised concerns about potential AI use.","causal_attribution":"The BBC's report of the student's account and of the university's description of the marking."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The marker's notes - seen by the BBC - raise concerns about the \"polished/uniform tone\" of the work'; 'noting the \"consistent flawless grammar and similar sentence structure with no variation in style\"'; 'a \"formulaic paragraph structure that follows a typical AI pattern'; 'a high usage of \"em\" dashes'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The marker's notes cite the work's polished, uniform tone, consistent grammar, formulaic paragraph structure and frequent dashes as grounds for concern.","causal_attribution":"The BBC's description of notes it says it saw."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'he received the link five minutes after the start time for the hearing'; 'A week later, he received the decision that the allegations of AI usage had been upheld.'; 'This meant his mark would be capped at seven, just enough to pass'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"After a virtual hearing whose link the student says arrived five minutes late, the allegations of AI use were upheld and his mark was capped at seven, just enough to pass.","causal_attribution":"The student's account as reported by the BBC."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The university accepted the appeal, recognising that the late arrival of the link affected his ability to present his case. He was invited to attend another hearing in mid-November.'; 'This time the university decided not to uphold the allegations.'; 'He eventually got his full mark for his dissertation'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The university accepted the appeal because of the late link, and at a second hearing in mid-November it did not uphold the allegations; the student later received his full mark.","causal_attribution":"The BBC's report; the university's statement confirms that the appeal was upheld."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'he was consumed by worries throughout the whole of that semester and it affected his studies.'; 'had to defer his exams for a semester and sit them in the middle of the summer. As a result, his graduation has been delayed until December.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The student says he was consumed by worries throughout that semester and that it affected his studies, that he deferred his exams for a semester and that his graduation was delayed until December.","causal_attribution":"The student's account of the consequences."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'the decision to uphold the student's appeal related solely to a procedural issue concerning the arrangements for the hearing'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The university says the appeal was upheld solely because of a procedural issue concerning the hearing arrangements.","causal_attribution":"The university's statement to the BBC."}],"effects":[{"label":"misconduct finding of AI use upheld at first, capping the dissertation mark at a bare pass","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"},{"label":"semester of worry, deferred exams and delayed graduation (student account)","claim_id":"c5","direction":"negative"},{"label":"allegations not upheld at the second hearing; full mark awarded","claim_id":"c4","direction":"positive"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crelev8gw5xo","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English: the article text in full as served on 12 October 2026. An earlier syndicated copy on MSN said the decision would be reflected on his GMC professional record; the current BBC text says the matter may have to be declared when applying for provisional registration. This record uses the current BBC wording.","independence_group":"bbc"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["unknown"],"contexts":["education"],"unknowns":["The panels' written decisions and the evidence each panel considered.","Whether any AI-detection tool was used at any stage; the report describes none.","The exact dates of the alert and the hearings beyond August and mid-November of the previous year.","The university's account of the case beyond its statement on the appeal."],"geography":{"basis":"The dissertation, the hearings and the appeal were at the University of St Andrews. The student's country of residence is not recorded.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["GB"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a concrete account of a student penalised on a finding of AI use that the university later did not uphold, reported by the BBC from the student's interview, the marker's notes and a university statement. No AI system's role in the finding is established, and the record says so. The student is not named in this record.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-12"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The harm is the university's response to suspected AI use: a human marker raised concerns that the dissertation was AI-generated, citing its tone, grammar, paragraph structure and dashes, and a panel first upheld the allegation. The student says he did not use AI, and a second hearing did not uphold it. The report describes no AI-detection tool and no AI output about the student, so the relation is recorded as unknown.","status":"suspected"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"St Andrews medical student says a marker's suspicion of AI use led to an upheld misconduct finding, overturned at a second hearing after appeal","summary":"The BBC reported on 10 August 2026 that a University of St Andrews medical student received an academic misconduct alert in August of the previous year saying his dissertation had been flagged as AI-generated. According to the university, the dissertation was assessed by two human markers, one of whom raised concerns about possible AI use; the marker's notes, seen by the BBC, cite a polished, uniform tone, flawless grammar, formulaic paragraph structure and frequent dashes. The student says the link to his virtual hearing arrived five minutes after the start time. A week after the hearing the allegations were upheld, which capped his mark at a bare pass. The university accepted his appeal because of the late link, and at a second hearing in mid-November it did not uphold the allegations. He later received his full mark. The student says he was consumed by worries throughout that semester, that he deferred his exams and that his graduation was delayed until December. The university says the appeal succeeded solely on a procedural issue. The report describes no AI-detection tool, and the student says he did not use AI.","incidentDate":"2025-08-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-08-10","aiSystem":"No AI system is identified. A human marker suspected that the student's dissertation was AI-generated; the student says he did not use AI, and the report describes no AI-detection tool","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI writing tool (suspected)","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["educational_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A student says a misconduct finding of AI use, first upheld and later overturned, capped his dissertation mark at a bare pass for a period, left him consumed by worries for a semester, led him to defer his exams and delayed his graduation (BBC report based on the student's account, the marker's notes and a university statement).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the student whose dissertation was the subject of the misconduct finding. He is counted under other people harmed because no use of AI by the student is established.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"GB","platformType":"other","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/crelev8gw5xo","primarySourceLabel":"BBC News, 10 August 2026: \"I was accused of using AI in my dissertation but I wrote it all myself\"","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-12T03:32:46.789205+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-12T03:32:46.789205+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-use-accusation","academic-integrity","education","appeal-upheld","scotland","ai-involvement-suspected"]},{"id":"2025-australia-commonwealth-bank-45-call-centre-roles-cut-after-ai-voice-bot-then-reversed","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The Commonwealth Bank of Australia has confirmed to the ABC that the organisation was cutting 45 jobs in its call centres after rolling out an artificial intelligence chatbot to deal with customer inquiries.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"marking the first time a bank had informed the union its job cuts were due to AI","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The Bank told the Australian Broadcasting Corporation about the sackings in late July","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The bank confirmed to the ABC on 29 July 2025 that it was cutting 45 jobs in its call centres after rolling out an AI chatbot, and ABC reports the bank had briefed the Finance Sector Union the week before that the cuts were due to AI.","causal_attribution":"The confirmation is the bank's statement to the ABC. The AI attribution of the cuts rests on ABC's account of the bank's briefing to the union; the bank's quoted July statements refer to AI investment without saying AI caused the cuts. The Register relays the ABC reporting and adds no independent origin."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The Commonwealth Bank has backtracked on dozens of job cuts, describing its decision to axe 45 roles due to artificial intelligence as an \"error\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"CBA said it had apologised to the affected employees after finding the customer service roles were not redundant despite introducing an AI-powered \"voice-bot\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"CBA admitted it \"did not adequately consider all relevant business considerations\" when announcing the redundancies","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"Affected staff have now been provided the choice to continue in their current roles, pursue redeployment within the bank or proceed with leaving CBA.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"\"We are currently supporting affected employees and have provided them with a choice regarding continuing in their current roles, pursuing redeployment within CBA or to proceed with leaving the organisation,\" a spokesperson for the bank told Yahoo Finance","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"As reported by ABC on 21 August 2025, the bank described its decision to axe the 45 roles due to AI as an error, said it had not adequately considered all relevant business considerations, apologised to the affected employees, and offered them the choice to continue in their roles, pursue redeployment or leave.","causal_attribution":"Bank statements relayed by ABC and, for the choice offered, repeated by a bank spokesperson to Yahoo Finance. Both are the same party's own account of its conduct, so the claim stays at reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The Finance Sector Union has described the reversal as a \"major win\", after it raised a dispute at the Fair Work Commission.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"It said its members found work actually spiked after the bot was introduced, despite the bank's claims it would reduce calls.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"\"Call volumes were rising, with management scrambling to offer overtime and even pulling team leaders onto the phones,\" its statement read.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"the Finance Sector Union says the \"damage is already done\" to workers.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Finance Sector Union raised a dispute at the Fair Work Commission, said its members found call volumes rose after the bot was introduced, called the reversal a major win and said the damage was already done to workers.","causal_attribution":"Union statements relayed by ABC. The call-volume claim conflicts with the bank's July statement that AI made it easier and faster for customers to get help, and no call data was inspected."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"she developed scripts for the bot, known as Bumblebee","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"would step in and respond to customer requests when the chatbot ran into issues or didn't have the right information.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"she was utterly devastated to learn she was among 45 workers being made redundant in favour of the new technology in late July","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"was offered redeployment in the fraud and scams department.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"the only roles available were responding to phone enquiries.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"felt she could not keep up with the change of pace.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"felt defeated and accepted a voluntary redundancy.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"One affected employee told Yahoo Finance she had developed scripts for a customer messaging bot known as Bumblebee and handled requests it could not, learned in late July that she was among the 45 workers being made redundant, was offered redeployment in the fraud and scams department where the only roles available were phone enquiries, felt she could not keep up with the change of pace, and accepted a voluntary redundancy.","causal_attribution":"Single first-person account relayed by one outlet. Yahoo Finance does not say the messaging bot she helped train is the voice-bot named in ABC's August report, and her selection for redundancy is her own account."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Our investment in technology, including AI, is making it easier and faster for customers to get help, especially in our call centres.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Our priority is to explore opportunities for redeployment and to support affected employees with care, dignity and respect throughout the process.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The bank said in July 2025 that its investment in technology including AI was making it easier and faster for customers to get help in its call centres and that it would prioritise redeployment and support for affected employees.","causal_attribution":"Bank statements to the ABC, kept as the bank's position and contrary evidence to the union's account."}],"effects":[{"label":"Employees affected by 45 announced call centre job cuts that the bank attributed to an AI voice-bot and reversed about three weeks later as an error","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"One employee who trained a messaging bot reports distress and accepting voluntary redundancy after judging the redeployment offer unworkable","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-07-29/commonwealth-bank-says-ai-behind-dozens-of-job-cuts/105586312","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"cba-fsu-statements-abc"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-21/cba-backtracks-on-ai-job-cuts-as-chatbot-lifts-call-volumes/105679492","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"cba-fsu-statements-abc"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.theregister.com/2025/08/22/commonwealth_ban_chatbot_fail_rehiring/","kind":"trade_press","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"cba-fsu-statements-abc"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://au.finance.yahoo.com/news/commonwealth-bank-workers-brutal-realisation-after-training-ai-chatbot-that-made-her-redundant-042726816.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"yahoo-employee-interview"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["work"],"unknowns":["How many of the 45 employees chose to stay, be redeployed or leave is not reported.","The ABC pieces do not name the bot. Yahoo Finance names Bumblebee for one employee's messaging work and does not tie that bot to the voice-bot in ABC's August report.","Whether call volumes rose or fell after the bot launch is disputed between the bank and the union, and no call data was inspected.","The exact date the 45 employees were notified is stated only as late July 2025; ABC says the union was briefed the week before 29 July.","The outcome of the Fair Work Commission dispute and the hearing scheduled for the week after 21 August 2025 were not inspected.","No source describes an action by the bot toward the affected employees, so the person relation is unknown and the case rests on the bank's response to its adoption of AI."],"geography":{"basis":"ABC News reports an Australian bank cutting jobs in its call centres and a dispute at the Fair Work Commission, and Yahoo Finance describes the interviewed employee as working from Queensland; event, affected persons and the tribunal are therefore in Australia.","court_countries":["AU"],"event_countries":["AU"],"affected_person_countries":["AU"]},"publication":{"basis":"ABC News (29 July and 21 August 2025), The Register and Yahoo Finance Australia were read in full on 2026-10-08. The harm is the bank's own response to adopting an AI voice-bot: 45 announced redundancies that the bank itself described as a decision made due to AI and later called an error. Bank and union statements are attributed and left at reported, the interviewed employee is not named, and the bank's and union's conflicting accounts of call volumes are both preserved.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-08"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The reported harm is the bank's response to its decision to adopt an AI voice-bot: ABC reports the bank confirmed on 29 July 2025 that it was cutting 45 call centre jobs after rolling out an AI chatbot, that the bank had told the union the cuts were due to AI, and on 21 August 2025 that the bank described its decision to axe 45 roles due to artificial intelligence as an error after finding the roles were not redundant despite the voice-bot. The bank's quoted statements say its AI investment made customer help faster and do not say AI selected the roles. No inspected source describes any output or action by the bot toward the affected employees; one employee says she wrote scripts for a messaging bot called Bumblebee and answered requests it could not handle. The bot's effect on call volumes is disputed between the bank and the union.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Australia: Commonwealth Bank announced 45 call centre job cuts it attributed to an AI voice-bot, then reversed them as an error, ABC reports","summary":"In late July 2025 the Commonwealth Bank of Australia confirmed to the ABC that it was cutting 45 call centre jobs after rolling out an AI chatbot, and ABC reports the bank had briefed the Finance Sector Union that the cuts were due to AI. The union raised a dispute at the Fair Work Commission and said members found call volumes rose after the bot was introduced. On 21 August 2025 ABC reported that the bank called the decision an error, apologised to the affected employees, said it had not adequately considered all relevant business considerations, and offered them the choice to keep their roles, be redeployed or leave. One employee told Yahoo Finance she had helped train a messaging bot known as Bumblebee, was told in late July her role was redundant, judged the redeployment offer unworkable and accepted voluntary redundancy. The bank's quoted statements say AI made customer help faster; the union calls AI a cover for cost cutting.","incidentDate":"2025-07-01","incidentEndDate":"2025-08-21","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-07-29","aiSystem":"Commonwealth Bank AI 'voice-bot' and customer messaging chatbot (one employee names a bot 'Bumblebee')","aiProduct":"Commonwealth Bank voice-bot","aiCompany":"Commonwealth Bank of Australia","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"ABC reports the bank announced 45 call centre job cuts after rolling out an AI voice-bot, then called the decision an error and apologised, with the union saying the damage was already done to workers. One employee told Yahoo Finance she was devastated, judged the redeployment offer unworkable and accepted voluntary redundancy.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":45,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"ABC's text reports 45 job cuts and its 21 August photo caption says the bank apologised to 45 employees who were made redundant before the reversal. Staff were then offered the choice to stay, be redeployed or leave, and how many lost employment is not reported. One employee separately reports accepting voluntary redundancy.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"AU","platformType":"chatbot","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-08-21/cba-backtracks-on-ai-job-cuts-as-chatbot-lifts-call-volumes/105679492","primarySourceLabel":"ABC News, 21 August 2025: Commonwealth Bank backtracks on AI job cuts, apologises for 'error' as call volumes rise","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T13:28:38.841837+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-08T03:21:55.303862+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["historical-2025"]}]}