{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-11-01T07:34:54.739Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"baccalaureate","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":2,"coverage":{"cases":2,"countries":2,"languages":2,"unknownLocation":0,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":1,"contextualRelations":1,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2026-algiers-court-jails-baccalaureate-candidate-and-sister-after-prosecutor-says-she-answered-exam-questions-with-chatgpt","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"les faits remontent au 7 juin 2026; Le candidat utilisait son téléphone portable pour photographier les sujets d’examen avant de les transmettre à sa sœur","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"تم بتاريخ 2026/06/07 إخطار مصالح الفرقة الإقليمية للدرك الوطني; وهو يقوم بتصوير الأسئلة باستعمال هاتفه النقال ثم يرسلها إلى شقيقته المتهمة","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"According to the Cheraga prosecutor's statement, on 7 June 2026 an exam supervisor caught a free (external) baccalaureate candidate photographing the exam questions with his phone and sending them by WhatsApp to his sister.","causal_attribution":"One origin: the Cheraga prosecutor's press statement, relayed by two outlets."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"la sœur du candidat recevait les sujets et utilisait l’application d’intelligence artificielle ChatGPT pour obtenir des réponses aux questions posées. Ces réponses étaient ensuite envoyées au candidat par le biais de WhatsApp afin qu’il les exploite durant l’épreuve.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"هذه الأخيرة تتولى الإجابة عليها بالاستعانة بتطبيق الذكاء الاصطناعي “تشات جي بي تي”. ثم تعيد إرسالها إليه عبر تطبيق واتساب","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"تتولى الإجابة عليها بالاستعانة بتطبيق الذكاء الاصطناعي “تشات جي بي تي” ثم تعيد إرسالها إليه عبر تطبيق واتساب","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The prosecutor's statement says the sister obtained answers to the questions from the AI application ChatGPT and sent them back to him by WhatsApp for use during the exam.","causal_attribution":"The ChatGPT use is the prosecutor's account (investigating and prosecuting authority); all three outlets repeat that statement."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Chacun a été condamné à une peine de quatre ans d’emprisonnement ferme assortie d’une amende de 200 000 dinars. La juridiction a également ordonné leur placement immédiat en détention à l’audience","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"حيث تم إدانة كل متهم بأربع سنوات حبسا نافذا وغرامة مالية قدرها 200.000 دج; طبقا لنص المادة 253 مكرر 6 ومكرر 7 من قانون العقوبات","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"تم إدانة شخصين بأربع سنوات حبسا نافذا وغرامة مالية قدرها 200.000 دج, إثر وقائع غش في امتحان شهادة البكالوريا, حسب ما أفاد به اليوم الثلاثاء بيان لنيابة الجمهورية لدى محكمة الشراقة","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"The Cheraga court convicted both of leaking exam questions and answers by remote communication (Penal Code articles 253 bis 6 and 7), sentenced each to four years' imprisonment and a 200,000-dinar fine, and ordered them detained at the hearing.","causal_attribution":"The conviction and sentence come from the prosecutor's statement relayed by three outlets; the judgment itself was not read."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"بعد استئناف المتهمين الحكم الصادر عن محكمة الشراقة في 9 جوان المنقضي; من المرتقب أن يمثل أمام الغرفة الجزائية العاشرة لدى مجلس قضاء الجزائر اليوم الثلاثاء","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"إلتمس النائب العام بالغرفة الجزائية العاشرة لدى مجلس قضاء الجزائر تشديد العقوبة لمتّهمين إثنين موقوفين","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Both appealed; at the appeal hearing before the Algiers court, which Ennahar said was scheduled for 21 July 2026, the prosecutor-general asked for the sentences to be increased.","causal_attribution":"Court reporting by one outlet (two articles by the same reporter); no appeal ruling was found."}],"effects":[{"label":"Convicted and jailed for four years after ChatGPT answers were relayed into a baccalaureate exam","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://lecourrier-dalgerie.com/fraude-au-bac-un-candidat-et-sa-soeur-condamnes-a-alger/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"fr","translation_note":"Read in French on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200, dated 11 June 2026); translated by the research agent (an AI). Reports the Cheraga prosecutor's communique and the judgment.","independence_group":"cheraga-prosecutor-statement-june-2026"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.ennaharonline.com/%D8%B4%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%8F%D8%AA%D9%91%D9%87%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%B4-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%83%D8%A7/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ar","translation_note":"Read in Arabic on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200, bylined, dated 21 July 2026); translated by the research agent (an AI). Quotes the prosecutor's press statement and reports the scheduled appeal hearing.","independence_group":"cheraga-prosecutor-statement-june-2026"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.ennaharonline.com/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AD-%D8%AD/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ar","translation_note":"Read in Arabic on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200, bylined, dated 22 July 2026); translated by the research agent (an AI). Reports the appeal hearing; its account of the facts repeats the prosecutor's statement.","independence_group":"ennahar-algiers-appeal-hearing-july-2026"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.aps.dz/algerie/actualite-nationale/mq74bf6w-","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ar","translation_note":"Read in Arabic on 2026-11-01 (HTTP 200, Algeria Press Service, dated 9 June 2026); translated by the research agent (an AI). Short dispatch of the prosecutor's statement on the conviction; it does not mention ChatGPT.","independence_group":"cheraga-prosecutor-statement-june-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["education","justice"],"unknowns":["What ChatGPT answered and whether the answers were correct","Where the sister was when she used ChatGPT","The siblings' ages","The outcome of the appeal heard in July 2026","Whether the candidate's exam results were annulled or other exam sanctions applied"],"geography":{"basis":"Event: the exam centre was in Algiers province and the gendarmerie, prosecutor and court were in Algiers (s1, s2, s4). The sources do not say where the sister was when she used ChatGPT or where the two live. Court: the Cheraga court and the Algiers appeal court (s1, s3).","court_countries":["DZ"],"event_countries":["DZ"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a reported prosecution: the Cheraga prosecutor states that a baccalaureate candidate's sister answered his exam questions with ChatGPT and relayed them to him, and both were convicted and jailed for four years; the ChatGPT use rests on the prosecutor's statement and the judgment was not read.","reviewed_on":"2026-11-01"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"According to the Cheraga prosecutor's statement, the sister put the photographed exam questions to ChatGPT, obtained answers from it and sent them to the candidate during the exam (s1, s2, s3); the conviction for leaking exam answers by remote communication followed. The sources quote no ChatGPT answer.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Algiers court jails a baccalaureate candidate and his sister for four years; prosecutor says she answered his exam questions with ChatGPT","summary":"The prosecutor at the Cheraga court in Algiers said that on 7 June 2026 an exam supervisor caught a free baccalaureate candidate photographing the exam questions and sending them by WhatsApp to his sister, who obtained answers from ChatGPT and sent them back for him to use. The court convicted both of leaking exam questions and answers by remote communication, sentenced each to four years' imprisonment and a 200,000-dinar fine, and had them detained at the hearing. Both appealed, and at the Algiers appeal hearing, which Ennahar said was scheduled for 21 July 2026, the prosecutor-general asked for heavier sentences (Ennahar, 22 July); no appeal ruling was found by 1 November 2026.","incidentDate":"2026-06-07","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2026-06-09","aiSystem":"ChatGPT, used by the candidate's sister to obtain answers to baccalaureate exam questions, according to the prosecutor's statement","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["legal_harm","loss_of_liberty"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the prosecutor's statement, the candidate and his sister were convicted, sentenced to four years' imprisonment and fined after she answered his exam questions with ChatGPT; they were detained at the hearing and their appeal was pending.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two people were convicted: the sister, who used ChatGPT (participant user), and the candidate, who received the answers (other person harmed).","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"DZ","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://lecourrier-dalgerie.com/fraude-au-bac-un-candidat-et-sa-soeur-condamnes-a-alger/","primarySourceLabel":"Le Courrier d'Algérie, 11 June 2026: Baccalaureate fraud, a candidate and his sister convicted in Algiers","firstPublishedAt":"2026-11-01T03:20:10.578007+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-11-01T03:20:10.578007+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["chatgpt","exam-cheating","baccalaureate","criminal-conviction","prison-sentence","algeria"]},{"id":"2025-alsace-franchise-recruiter-chatgpt-cv-filter-age-sex-origin-criteria-ex-employees-allege","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'quelque 740.000 CV de commerciaux. Chiffre ensuite ramené à 130.000 en seulement cinq jours, grâce à ChatGTP, après application de filtres discriminants, raconte un autre ex-salarié.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A former employee says the company collected about 740,000 sales CVs from job platforms in spring 2025 and reduced them to 130,000 in five days with ChatGPT after applying discriminatory filters.","causal_attribution":"A former employee's account relayed by AFP."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'et à exclure les moins de 27 ans.' and 'il faut (que) le nom de famille du candidat ne SOIT PAS d' and 'un motif de rejet figure en face de chaque nom: \"Hors cible - trop jeune\", ou encore \"Trop âgé\". Les femmes, repérées à leur prénom, sont renvoyées à leurs chères études avec la mention \"Exception\".'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'un motif de rejet figure en face de chaque nom'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"AFP consulted the prompt, which told the AI to exclude candidates over 55 or under 27 and those whose surname was of African origin, and a results table assigning a rejection reason to each name, with women marked \"Exception\".","causal_attribution":"Documents described by AFP; the record does not reproduce them and AFP does not say how many candidates the table covers."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'tous les commerciaux retenus ont le même profil: blanc, dans la quarantaine'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A former employee said all the sales agents retained had the same profile, white and in their forties.","causal_attribution":"A former employee's statement."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'contenait des développements contraires à notre cahier des charges et aux consignes de la direction' and 'a jamais été mise en service et n' and 'a servi à évaluer aucun candidat'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The company denies asking anyone to build discriminatory criteria into its tools; it says a version containing developments contrary to its specifications was never put into service, evaluated no candidate and was built by a since-dismissed former employee.","causal_attribution":"The company's statement to AFP, recorded as contrary evidence."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Le troisième affirme avoir saisi la Commission nationale de l' and 'ainsi que le défenseur des droits' and 'a indiqué ne pas pouvoir communiquer sur un cas individuel.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"One former employee says he has referred the matter to the CNIL and the Défenseur des droits; the CNIL said it could not comment on an individual case.","causal_attribution":"Former employee's statement and the CNIL response, via AFP."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Plus que pro a trié des milliers de CV sur des critères de genre et d' and 'entre 2023 et 2026, Plus que pro a mis en place un système de discrimination pour choisir ses futurs franchisés, basé sur l'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Rue89 Strasbourg reported, from working documents and testimony, that the company sorted thousands of CVs on criteria of gender and supposed origin without the candidates' knowledge, between 2023 and 2026.","causal_attribution":"A separate investigation; its readable portion does not mention AI, so it supports the discriminatory sorting and not the AI role."}],"effects":[{"label":"job-seekers screened out of consideration by an AI filter applying age, sex and surname-origin criteria, according to former employees","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.boursorama.com/actualite-economique/actualites-amp/ni-femmes-ni-profils-exotiques-quand-l-ia-est-programmee-pour-discriminer-8819657638628fd90de0e90be62ff869","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"fr","translation_note":"Read in French by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-11; quotations in the record are the original French and the English renderings in public text are the research agent's own translation. No human translator or reviewer inspected the text. AFP dispatch on Boursorama (AMP page), HTTP 200, full text retained.","independence_group":"afp-plus-que-pro"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.20min.ch/fr/story/alsace-ni-femmes-ni-noms-africains-l-ia-fait-le-job-pour-une-start-up-103647007","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"fr","translation_note":"Read in French by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-11; quotations in the record are the original French and the English renderings in public text are the research agent's own translation. No human translator or reviewer inspected the text. 20 minutes republishes the AFP dispatch and credits AFP; HTTP 200.","independence_group":"afp-plus-que-pro"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.rue89strasbourg.com/discrimination-recrutement-plus-que-pro-398436","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"fr","translation_note":"Read in French by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-11; quotations in the record are the original French and the English renderings in public text are the research agent's own translation. No human translator or reviewer inspected the text. Subscriber-only investigation: only the standfirst and opening paragraphs were readable (HTTP 200); the rest, including any AI detail, was not inspected.","independence_group":"rue89-strasbourg-plus-que-pro"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["work"],"unknowns":["How many candidates were excluded on discriminatory criteria by the AI filter, and whether the filter ran on the collected CVs as the former employees say or never ran as the company says.","Whether the Rue89 Strasbourg investigation ties the sorting system (named Vortex) to the AI tool; its subscriber-only text was not read in full.","The outcome of the CNIL and Défenseur des droits referrals."],"geography":{"basis":"AFP places the company and the former employees who ran the screening in Schiltigheim, near Strasbourg, France. The candidates' countries are not stated; the CVs came from job platforms such as Hellowork. No court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["FR"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as an automated hiring decision case: AFP describes a prompt instructing an AI to reject candidates by age and surname origin and a results table of per-candidate rejection reasons, and a former employee names ChatGPT as the filter that cut 740,000 CVs to 130,000. Rue89 Strasbourg separately reports discriminatory CV sorting at the company. The company denies that the discriminatory version was used on any candidate, so causation is recorded as disputed and all claims as reported.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-11"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"AFP reports that it consulted the prompt sent to the AI, which instructed it to estimate candidates' ages and exclude those over 55 or under 27 and to require that surnames not be of African origin, and a results table assigning a rejection reason to each name. A former employee says the CVs were cut from 740,000 to 130,000 in five days \"grâce à ChatGTP\" after the discriminatory filters were applied. The AI output (the per-candidate rejection decisions) is the described connection to the candidates' exclusion. The company says the discriminatory version was never used on any candidate.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["made_decision_about"]},"name":"France: ex-employees say Alsace firm Plus que pro used AI to screen out job-seekers' CVs by age, sex and African-origin surnames; firm says it never ran","summary":"Plus que pro, a company founded in 2014 in Schiltigheim near Strasbourg that recruits franchised sales agents, is accused by three former employees interviewed by AFP of building a recruitment tool that screened candidates on unlawful criteria with the help of AI. According to one of them, in spring 2025 the company collected about 740,000 sales CVs from job platforms such as Hellowork and reduced them to 130,000 in five days with ChatGPT after applying discriminatory filters. AFP says it consulted the prompt, which told the AI to estimate each candidate's age, keep those under 55, infer age from the baccalaureate year and exclude those under 27, and require that the candidate's surname not be of African origin, and a results table listing a rejection reason against each name, such as \"too young\" or \"too old\", with women identified by first name marked \"Exception\". A former employee said that all the sales agents retained had the same profile, white and in their forties; another said the AI only systematised a practice already established when CVs were sorted by hand. One former employee says he has referred the matter to the CNIL and the Défenseur des droits; the CNIL said it could not comment on an individual case. The company denies ever asking anyone to build discriminatory criteria into its tools; it acknowledges that one version of the tool contained developments contrary to its specifications, but says that version was never put into service, evaluated no candidate and was developed by a former employee acting on their own initiative, who has since been dismissed. Rue89 Strasbourg separately reported, from working documents and testimony, that the company sorted thousands of CVs on criteria of gender and supposed origin without the candidates' knowledge between 2023 and 2026; its subscriber-only report could be read only in part.","incidentDate":"2025-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-09","aiSystem":"A recruitment tool built from late 2024 by the company, which sent instructions to a generative AI to screen collected CVs; a former employee quoted by AFP names ChatGPT (\"ChatGTP\" in the AFP text).","aiProduct":"ChatGPT (reported)","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to former employees and documents described by AFP, job-seekers whose CVs were collected from job platforms were screened out of consideration for franchised sales-agent positions by an AI filter applying age, sex and surname-origin criteria. No individual rejected candidate is identified in the inspected AI-related reporting and the number excluded on those criteria is not reported. The company says the discriminatory version was never used on any candidate.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"disputed","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"unquantified","affectedCountEvidence":"No reliable count of people harmed. The 740,000 and 130,000 figures are CVs collected and retained, as described by a former employee; the difference includes candidates removed for any reason and is not a count of people excluded on discriminatory criteria. Numeric fields are zero placeholders.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"FR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.boursorama.com/actualite-economique/actualites-amp/ni-femmes-ni-profils-exotiques-quand-l-ia-est-programmee-pour-discriminer-8819657638628fd90de0e90be62ff869","primarySourceLabel":"AFP via Boursorama, 9 October 2026: an Alsace start-up accused by ex-employees of building a discriminatory AI recruitment tool","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-11T03:25:30.958981+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-11T03:25:30.958981+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["hiring","recruitment","discrimination","chatgpt","cv-screening","france","alsace","made-decision-about","institutional-use"]}]}