{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-09-30T05:37:20.659Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"ani","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"","response":"lawsuit","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":7,"coverage":{"cases":7,"countries":3,"languages":3,"unknownLocation":2,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":3,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":7,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":1,"contextualRelations":1,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":5,"relationPending":4,"relationUnknown":1},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2026-evans-santos-v-draftkings-ai-personalization-gambling-addiction","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"\"EVANS VS DRAFTKINGS INC. ETAL\"; \"Filing Date: Friday , July 24th, 2026\"; \"Case ID: 260702927\"; \"Case 2:26-cv-07168 Document 1-3 Filed 09/16/26\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"docketNumber \"2:26-cv-07168\", court \"paed\", dateFiled \"2026-09-16\", \"NOTICE OF REMOVAL by CROWN PA GAMING, INC., DRAFTKINGS INC.\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Christopher Evans filed a product-liability complaint against DraftKings Inc. and Crown PA Gaming in the Philadelphia County Court of Common Pleas on 24 July 2026 (Case ID 260702927); the defendants removed it to the E.D. Pa. on 16 September 2026 as 2:26-cv-07168.","causal_attribution":"Established by the court record (state docket report and federal removal filing)."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"\"IN THE COURT OF COMMON PLEAS OF CHESTER COUNTY\"; \"29 Jul 2026 03:54 PM\"; \"MICHAEL SANTOS,\"; \"2026-07200-TT\"; \"Case 2:26-cv-07176 Document 1-3 Filed 09/16/26\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"docketNumber \"2:26-cv-07176\", court \"paed\", dateFiled \"2026-09-16\", \"NOTICE OF REMOVAL by FANDUEL INC., FLUTTER ENTERTAINMENT, PLC, BETFAIR INTERACTIVE US LLC, FANDUEL GROUP PARENT LLC, FANDUEL PA LLC\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Michael Santos filed a complaint against DraftKings, Crown PA Gaming, FanDuel Inc. and FanDuel's affiliates in the Chester County Court of Common Pleas on 29 July 2026 (2026-07200-TT); the FanDuel defendants removed it to the E.D. Pa. on 16 September 2026 as 2:26-cv-07176.","causal_attribution":"Established by the court record."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"\"He began using the DraftKings applications in or around August 2017\"; \"Plaintiff has wagered over $2,100,000.00 with net losses of approximately $81,000.00\"; \"constantly received targeted promotions, personalized push notifications, and incentives like prop bets and free credits intended to repetitively lure him back into the gambling applications\"; \"also had a VIP account manager, who would send him promotional offers, bonuses, and perks\"; \"He soon began suffering from depression and anxiety and stopped going outside altogether in favor of gambling all day\"; \"creating financial strain that has placed him into debt and resulted in the repossession of his vehicle\"; \"resulted in his wife separating from him\"; \"was formally diagnosed with depression in 2020\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Evans pleads that since about August 2017 he wagered over US$2,100,000 on DraftKings' apps with net losses of about US$81,000, constantly received targeted promotions and personalised push notifications and had a VIP account manager, developed depression and anxiety and was formally diagnosed with depression in 2020, stopped going outside, fell into debt, had his vehicle repossessed and separated from his wife.","causal_attribution":"Plaintiff's allegations in a pending complaint; untested."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"\"has wagered over $1,164,000.00 with net losses of approximately $58,000.00\"; \"has wagered nearly $7,000 on FanDuel with losses of nearly $1,500\"; \"constantly received targeted advertisements, personalized push notifications, and incentive-based emails from DraftKings intended to repetitively lure him back into the gambling app\"; \"despite Plaintiff expressly stating he did not want to continue gambling\"; \"max out multiple credit cards and accrue debt so significant that it forced him to sell his house\"; \"has received formal diagnoses of depression and anxiety\"; \"drove Plaintiff MICHAEL SANTOS to suicidal ideation\"; \"voluntarily placed himself on a self-exclusion list with the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board in 2023\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Santos pleads that he wagered over US$1,164,000 on DraftKings with net losses of about US$58,000 and nearly US$7,000 on FanDuel with losses of nearly US$1,500, received targeted advertisements, personalised push notifications and incentive emails, had a VIP manager who kept offering bonus bets after he said he wanted to stop, maxed out multiple credit cards and was forced to sell his house, received diagnoses of depression and anxiety, experienced suicidal ideation, and self-excluded with the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board in 2023.","causal_attribution":"Plaintiff's allegations in a pending complaint; untested."},{"id":"c5","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"\"Defendants utilize the combination of advanced technology and artificial intelligence paired with the tracking of personalized user data to intentionally addict users and continuously lure them back to their sports gambling apps\"; \"data science and machine learning to help optimize conversion\"; \"recommendation engines\"; \"Defendants operate sophisticated AI-powered engagement platforms that, on information and belief, employ the precise personalization mechanisms the study identifies as risk-generating\"; \"Limit or eliminating artificial intelligence to track individual\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"\"Defendants utilize the combination of advanced technology and artificial intelligence paired with the tracking of personalized user data to intentionally addict users\"; \"Limiting or eliminating artificial intelligence to track individual\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Both complaints allege that the defendants combine artificial intelligence with tracking of personalised user data to addict users and lure them back, that DraftKings' 10-K discloses machine-learning recommendation engines, and, on information and belief, that the defendants operate AI-powered engagement platforms; both ask the court to limit or eliminate the use of artificial intelligence to track individual users.","causal_attribution":"The contents of the pleadings are established by the record; the truth of the AI allegations is not."}],"effects":[{"label":"two plaintiffs plead gambling addiction, six-figure wagering with net losses of about US$81,000 and US$58,000, debt, family breakdown, depression and suicidal ideation, attributed to AI-driven personalization","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.paed.662095/gov.uscourts.paed.662095.1.3.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-17 and 2026-09-19: Exhibit A to the notice of removal in Evans v. DraftKings Inc., E.D. Pa. 2:26-cv-07168 (47 pages: the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas docket report and the complaint of 24 July 2026), from the CourtListener RECAP archive.","independence_group":"evans-complaint"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.paed.662118/gov.uscourts.paed.662118.1.3.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-19: Exhibit A to the notice of removal in Santos v. DraftKings Inc., E.D. Pa. 2:26-cv-07176 (53 pages: the complaint filed and attested in the Chester County Court of Common Pleas on 29 July 2026), from the CourtListener RECAP archive.","independence_group":"santos-complaint"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/74801358/evans-v-draftkings-inc/","kind":"court_docket","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Docket metadata read on 2026-09-19 through the CourtListener v4 search API (saved as cl-evans.json): case name, docket number 2:26-cv-07168, court E.D. Pa., filed 2026-09-16, cause 28:1332 diversity product liability, removal notice by Crown PA Gaming and DraftKings.","independence_group":"courtlistener-evans-docket"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/74803784/santos-v-draftkings-inc/","kind":"court_docket","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Docket metadata read on 2026-09-19 through the CourtListener v4 search API (saved as cl-santos3.json): docket number 2:26-cv-07176, court E.D. Pa., filed 2026-09-16, removal notice by FanDuel Inc., Flutter Entertainment, Betfair Interactive US, FanDuel Group Parent and FanDuel PA.","independence_group":"courtlistener-santos-docket"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use","institutional_use"],"contexts":["finance","health","relationships","justice"],"unknowns":["Whether AI or machine-learning systems, rather than human account managers and conventional marketing, generated the promotions and notifications the plaintiffs describe; the 'AI-powered engagement platforms' allegation is pleaded on information and belief.","The defendants' responses; no answer, motion or ruling is recorded as of 2026-09-19.","When Santos began gambling on the apps and his current financial position.","Whether the plaintiffs also gambled on other operators' products."],"geography":{"basis":"Both plaintiffs are Pennsylvania residents (Philadelphia; Coatesville, Chester County) per the complaints; suits filed in Pennsylvania state courts and removed to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a contextual case: two pending complaints, read in full from the court record, allege that an operator's AI-driven personalization and engagement systems fostered gambling addiction with quantified losses, debt, family breakdown, psychiatric diagnoses and suicidal ideation. Filing facts are documented; the harms and the AI involvement are the plaintiffs' allegations and are recorded as such. Plaintiffs are identified only by the public case captions.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-19"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaints allege that the defendants' AI and machine-learning personalization systems tracked the plaintiffs' play and targeted them with promotions and notifications, and quote DraftKings' 10-K on machine-learning recommendation engines; the 'AI-powered engagement platforms' allegation is pleaded on information and belief. Nothing in the record yet establishes that AI systems made the targeting decisions about these two users, so the relation (a system making decisions about the person) is recorded as alleged.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["made_decision_about"]},"name":"Pennsylvania: two men sued DraftKings (one also FanDuel) alleging that AI-driven personalization, targeted promotions and VIP handling fostered gambling addiction; they plead net losses of about US$81,000 and US$58,000, debt, family breakdown, depression and, in one case, suicidal ideation","summary":"Christopher Evans (Philadelphia; complaint filed 24 July 2026 in the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas) and Michael Santos (Coatesville, Chester County; complaint filed 29 July 2026 in the Chester County Court of Common Pleas) sued DraftKings and its Pennsylvania affiliate; Santos also sued FanDuel and its parents. Both product-liability complaints, filed by the same law firm, allege that the defendants' sports-betting, daily-fantasy and casino apps are designed to addict, and that the companies 'utilize the combination of advanced technology and artificial intelligence paired with the tracking of personalized user data to intentionally addict users', operating 'AI-powered engagement platforms' (pleaded on information and belief) and, per DraftKings' 10-K as quoted, 'data science and machine learning' recommendation engines. Evans pleads that since about August 2017 he wagered over US$2.1 million with net losses of about US$81,000, received constant targeted promotions and personalised push notifications and a VIP account manager, developed depression and anxiety and was formally diagnosed with depression in 2020, stopped going outside, fell into debt, had his vehicle repossessed and separated from his wife. Santos pleads over US$1.164 million wagered on DraftKings with net losses of about US$58,000 plus small FanDuel losses, targeted advertising and a VIP manager who kept offering bonus bets after he said he wanted to stop, maxed-out credit cards, the forced sale of his house, diagnoses of depression and anxiety, suicidal ideation, and self-exclusion with the Pennsylvania Gaming Control Board in 2023. Both cases were removed to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania on 16 September 2026 (2:26-cv-07168 and 2:26-cv-07176). The allegations are untested.","incidentDate":"2017-08-01","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-07-24","aiSystem":"DraftKings' and FanDuel's sportsbook, daily-fantasy and online-casino apps and their alleged AI and machine-learning personalization, recommendation and engagement systems (as pleaded; the complaints quote DraftKings' 10-K on 'data science and machine learning' and 'recommendation engines')","aiProduct":"DraftKings and FanDuel apps","aiCompany":"DraftKings Inc. (and Crown PA Gaming); FanDuel Inc. and affiliates (Flutter Entertainment) in the Santos suit","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss","psychiatric_deterioration","relationship_disruption","property_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"As pleaded: gambling addiction with net losses of about US$81,000 (Evans) and about US$58,000 plus small FanDuel losses (Santos), debt, a repossessed vehicle and marital separation (Evans), maxed-out credit cards, a forced house sale, diagnosed depression and anxiety and suicidal ideation (Santos), attributed by the plaintiffs to the defendants' AI-driven personalization and engagement design.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":2,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"Two named plaintiffs, each pleading his own gambling addiction and losses as a user of the apps. Exact count of two; family members mentioned in the complaints are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_ongoing","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://storage.courtlistener.com/recap/gov.uscourts.paed.662095/gov.uscourts.paed.662095.1.3.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Evans v. DraftKings Inc. et al., E.D. Pa. 2:26-cv-07168, Notice of Removal Exhibit A (Philadelphia CCP complaint filed 24 July 2026), via CourtListener RECAP","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-20T03:19:52.470392+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:36.906135+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["gambling","sports-betting","algorithmic-personalization","engagement-design","product-liability","lawsuit","united-states","pennsylvania","draftkings","fanduel","institutional-use"]},{"id":"2026-gisi-infopro-digital-creteil-ai-dismissals-suspended","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Page 12: 'ORDONNONS la suspension du projet de réorganisation de la Société GISI et du projet de licenciement collectif (des 8 secrétaires de rédaction) en découlant, incluant la suspension des processus de reclassement, jusqu'à ce qu'il soit procédé à la réalisation des tests en situation réelle et à l'élaboration de numéros 0'; 'PRONONÇONS à l'encontre de la société GISI une astreinte provisoire de 8 000 euros par jour de retard pendant une durée de trois mois'; 'FAIT AU PALAIS DE JUSTICE DE CRETEIL, le 15 septembre 2026'. Page 1: 'ORDONNANCE DU : 15 Septembre 2026', 'N° RG 26/00991'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"\"la suspension du projet de réorganisation (...) et du projet de licenciement collectif (des 8 secrétaires de rédaction)\"; \"par jour de retard sur trois mois\"; \"En revanche, les dommages et intérêts réclamés ont été rejetés.\"","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"\"La justice a suspendu mardi en référé un projet de suppression de 8 postes au sein du groupe de presse Gisi (L'Usine nouvelle, LSA, L'Argus de l'assurance...), en lien avec le déploiement de l'intelligence artificielle\"; \"Il a par conséquent suspendu le plan jusqu'à la réalisation de tests complets. Contactée par l'AFP, la direction de Gisi a indiqué se réserver la possibilité de faire appel\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"On 15 September 2026 the Créteil judicial court, sitting in référé on the application of Gisi's CSE, ordered the suspension of Gisi's reorganisation project and of the resulting collective dismissal of the eight secrétaires de rédaction, including the redeployment processes, until real-situation tests and pilot issues confirm what share of sub-editor tasks the generative-AI tool can take over; it imposed a provisional penalty of 8,000 euros per day of delay for three months, refused the damages provision and awarded 2,000 euros in costs.","causal_attribution":"Established by the court order itself and confirmed by L'Informé and AFP, which each consulted the decision."},{"id":"c2","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Page 11: 'représenter un risque grave et caractérisé sur la santé physique et mentale de plusieurs catégories de salariés de la société GISI'; 'la société GISI ne justifie pas de la mise en oeuvre des dispositifs de prévention du risque lié à l'introduction de la nouvelle technologie d'IA générative alors que dans le DUERP 2025 qu'elle produit (pièce 5) elle identifie 3 risques en lien avec l'introduction de l'IA (stress lié à l'insécurité de l'emploi lié à l'intelligence artificielle ; changements organisationnels liés à l'introduction de l'intelligence artificielle ; absence de repères liés à l'utilisation de l'IA et manque d'acculturation) mais ne les a pas côtés'. Page 10: 'sans aucune participation des salariés concernés, ni réalisation en situation réelle'; 'L'expert pronostique un risque d'intensification majeur du travail des rédacteurs'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"\"un risque grave et caractérisé sur la santé physique et mentale de plusieurs catégories de salariés\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"\"Le tribunal judiciaire de Créteil, saisi par le Comité social et économique (CSE) de Gisi\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"\"des risques de surcharge de travail (...) et une baisse de la qualité du travail fourni, de l'autonomie et du conflit de valeur, de la perte de sens et de l'altération du collectif\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The judge found that implementing the generative-AI project and the dismissal of all sub-editor posts on an approximate evaluation, without real-situation testing or participation of the staff concerned, presented a serious and characterised risk to the physical and mental health of several categories of Gisi staff, and that Gisi had not shown prevention measures although its 2025 risk register listed three AI-related risks including stress linked to AI-related job insecurity.","causal_attribution":"The court's own finding; it concerns a risk to health created by the way the AI-based reorganisation was to be deployed, not an individually diagnosed injury."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Page 2: 'La société GISI emploie 127 salariés dont 92 journalistes'; 'un outil dénommé DIGI'; 'Le projet de la société GISI prévoit la suppression de 8 postes de secrétaires de rédaction (SR) et la création de 2 postes de chefs d'édition reprenant une partie des missions des SR, à savoir celles ne pouvant être automatisées par l'outil DIGI'; 'Le 4 mai 2026 le CSE était convié à une réunion dite R0 de présentation du projet'; 'Le 12 mai 2026 la société GISI convoquait le CSE à une première réunion d'information/consultation sur deux projets'; 'le CSE de la société GISI obtenait le 15 juillet 2025 une ordonnance de référé'; 'Par un arrêt du 21 mai 2026 la cour d'appel de Paris confirmait l'ordonnance de référé du 15 juillet 2025'. Page 10: 'la société GISI a évalué à environ 70 % la part des tâches des SR réalisées par l'outil IA'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"\"Au sein de Gisi, 8 postes de SR sont menacés\"; \"la société estimant que 70% des tâches des SR peuvent être réalisées par l'IA\"; \"Des reclassements ont été proposés à tous les secrétaires de rédaction\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"\"avait déjà contrainte à ouvrir un processus d\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Gisi (127 staff, 92 journalists) planned to remove its eight sub-editor posts and create two chef d'édition posts for the tasks its in-house generative-AI tool DIGI could not automate, estimating that the tool would perform about 70% of sub-editor tasks; the project was presented to the CSE on 4 May 2026 and consultation opened on 12 May 2026, after an earlier July 2025 order (confirmed on appeal on 21 May 2026) had required consultation before AI tools were used.","causal_attribution":"Facts recited in the court order and reported by AFP from the company."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"\"Les quelque 250 journalistes de ces 26 titres au total avaient lancé une grève au printemps pour s'opposer au projet de leur propriétaire de supprimer 19 postes de secrétaires de rédaction\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"\"Nous allons poursuivre les tests et faire des numéros complets\"; \"la direction de Gisi a indiqué se réserver la possibilité de faire appel\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"\"nous suspendons le projet le temps de finaliser ces tests\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Some 250 journalists across Infopro Digital's 26 titles struck in spring 2026 against the owner's plan to cut 19 sub-editor posts because of the AI deployment; after the order Gisi's president said the tests would continue with full pilot issues and that the company reserved the right to appeal.","causal_attribution":"AFP reporting of the strike and of management's reaction; L'Informé carries management's written reply."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"\"with five of the eight affected journalists having already received pre-dismissal interview letters\"; \"newsroom positions accompanied by training were offered to all affected editorial secretaries, although some declined them\".","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"Digital Watch, citing Stratégies, reports that five of the eight affected sub-editors had already received pre-dismissal interview letters and that Gisi had offered three chef d'édition roles and one technical editor-in-chief position, with newsroom posts offered to all affected sub-editors, some of whom declined.","causal_attribution":"Secondary summary attributing the detail to Stratégies (not readable from this host); reported only. Its count of three chef d'édition roles differs from the two posts in the order."}],"effects":[{"label":"eight sub-editors faced collective dismissal in favour of a generative-AI tool; a court found a serious risk to the physical and mental health of several categories of staff","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://linforme.files.sirius.press/files/1789566133007-SECURISE_ordonnance%20du%2015%20septembre%202026-2.pdf","kind":"court_order","access":"read","language":"fr","translation_note":"Court record: Tribunal judiciaire de Créteil, section des référés, ordonnance de référé of 15 September 2026, RG 26/00991, CSE de la société Gisi v. SAS Gisi, published by L'Informé (watermarked, 12 scanned pages without a text layer). Pages 1, 2, 10, 11 and 12 read visually in French on 2026-09-19; pages 3-9 not read. Quotations are transcribed from the page images.","independence_group":"tj-creteil-order"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.linforme.com/medias-culture/article/lsa-l-usine-nouvelle-la-justice-retoque-le-remplacement-des-journalistes-par-l-ia_8645.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"fr","translation_note":"Read in French on 2026-09-19 (L'Informé, 15 Sep 2026, updated 16 Sep with Infopro Digital's reaction). The served page truncates the opening paragraph; the court's findings, the penalty, the union reaction and management's reply are readable. L'Informé published the order.","independence_group":"linforme"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.cbnews.fr/medias/justice-suspend-projet-suppressions-postes-liees-ia-chez-usine-nouvelle-lsa","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"fr","translation_note":"Read in French on 2026-09-19 (CB News, 16 Sep 2026, AFP dispatch). AFP states it consulted the decision; carries Gisi president Isabelle André's comments.","independence_group":"afp"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.bfmtv.com/economie/emploi/vie-de-bureau/un-risque-grave-et-caracterise-sur-la-sante-physique-et-mentale-la-justice-suspend-un-projet-de-suppressions-de-postes-liees-a-l-ia-dans-les-medias-du-groupe-gisi_AD-202609160444.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"fr","translation_note":"Read in French on 2026-09-19 (BFM Business with AFP, 16 Sep 2026). Same AFP dispatch with a definition of the sub-editor role.","independence_group":"afp"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.liberation.fr/economie/medias/la-justice-suspend-un-projet-de-suppressions-de-postes-liees-a-lia-dans-le-groupe-de-presse-infopro-digital-20260916_H7LH5VX6A5EDBFWSDNNM3DPB3U/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"fr","translation_note":"Read in French on 2026-09-19 via the MSN content API copy (Libération, 16 Sep 2026, AFP). Same dispatch, adding the staff representative and SNJ-CGT reactions given to L'Informé.","independence_group":"afp"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://dig.watch/updates/french-court-ai-job-cuts-journalists","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-19 (Digital Watch Observatory, 17 Sep 2026). A secondary summary that attributes the pre-dismissal-letter and redeployment details to Stratégies, whose own article returns 403 to this host.","independence_group":"strategies-via-digital-watch"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["work","justice"],"unknowns":["Whether Gisi has appealed the order.","Whether the pre-dismissal procedure for the sub-editors has been formally withdrawn and whether all eight remain employed; individual health effects are not reported.","Pages 3-9 of the order (the parties' submissions) were not read.","The status of Groupe Moniteur's separate redundancy plan (PSE) covering the remaining sub-editor posts.","Digital Watch, citing Stratégies, reports three chef d'édition roles offered; the order and AFP record two chef d'édition posts. The difference (offers versus created posts, or a Stratégies error) is unresolved."],"geography":{"basis":"Gisi is registered in Créteil with its seat in Gentilly (Val-de-Marne) per the order; the staff work for its French titles; court: Tribunal judiciaire de Créteil.","court_countries":["FR"],"event_countries":["FR"],"affected_person_countries":["FR"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a work-lane case of an institutional AI decision with concrete consequences for identified staff: eight sub-editors were subject to a collective dismissal plan justified by a generative-AI tool, and a court found the deployment presented a serious and characterised risk to the physical and mental health of several categories of staff and suspended it. The court order (primary record), L'Informé and AFP copies read; the affected people are unnamed.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-19"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The court order and AFP identify the generative-AI tool (DIGI) as the basis of the reorganisation and of the dismissal of the eight sub-editor posts, and the court's health-risk finding concerns deploying that tool without real-situation testing. The tool did not communicate with, decide about or depict the affected people; it was to take over their tasks, so none of the listed relations applies and the relation is recorded as unknown.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Créteil, France: a court suspended Gisi's (Infopro Digital) plan to cut eight sub-editor posts in favour of a generative-AI tool, finding a serious and characterised risk to the physical and mental health of several categories of staff","summary":"Gisi, the Infopro Digital subsidiary publishing L'Usine nouvelle, LSA and L'Argus de l'assurance (127 staff, 92 journalists), presented to its works council (CSE) on 4 May 2026 a reorganisation built around 'DIGI', an in-house generative-AI editorial tool, and on 12 May 2026 opened consultation on the reorganisation and on the resulting collective dismissal of its eight secrétaires de rédaction (sub-editors), to be replaced by two chefs d'édition, on the company's estimate that the tool would take over about 70% of sub-editor tasks. Some 250 journalists across Infopro Digital's 26 titles had struck in spring 2026 against a group-wide plan to cut 19 sub-editor posts, and according to Digital Watch (citing Stratégies) five of the eight Gisi sub-editors had received pre-dismissal interview letters. The CSE, relying on an expert report, went to the Créteil judicial court in July. On 15 September 2026 the référé judge found that deploying the plan without real-situation testing presented 'un risque grave et caractérisé sur la santé physique et mentale de plusieurs catégories de salariés', ordered the suspension of the reorganisation and the collective dismissal (including the redeployment processes) until real-situation tests and full pilot issues are produced, with a provisional penalty of 8,000 euros per day for three months, and refused the damages provision. Gisi said it would continue the tests and reserved the right to appeal.","incidentDate":"2026-05-04","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"product_change","reportedDate":"2026-09-15","aiSystem":"'DIGI', Gisi's in-house generative-AI editorial tool (transcription of interviews, drafting and correction help; planned spelling, grammar and typography correction, editorial-coherence and fact-reliability checks)","aiProduct":"DIGI editorial tool","aiCompany":"Gisi (Groupe Industrie Service Infos), a subsidiary of Infopro Digital (deployer of the in-house 'DIGI' generative-AI tool)","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"unverified","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Eight sub-editors at Gisi faced collective dismissal because a generative-AI tool was to take over most of their tasks (five had received pre-dismissal interview letters, per Digital Watch citing Stratégies), and a court found that the plan, deployed without real-situation testing, presented a serious and characterised risk to the physical and mental health of several categories of staff; the court suspended the dismissals pending tests.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":8,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"The order suspends 'le projet de licenciement collectif (des 8 secrétaires de rédaction)' and AFP reports eight sub-editor posts threatened at Gisi; Digital Watch, citing Stratégies, says five of the eight had received pre-dismissal interview letters. The court's health-risk finding extends to 'plusieurs catégories de salariés' without a number. Eight counted plus unquantified others: partial.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"FR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_ongoing","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://linforme.files.sirius.press/files/1789566133007-SECURISE_ordonnance%20du%2015%20septembre%202026-2.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Tribunal judiciaire de Créteil, ordonnance de référé of 15 September 2026 (RG 26/00991), CSE de la société Gisi v. SAS Gisi, as published by L'Informé","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-20T03:19:47.791082+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:37.711237+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["work","journalism","layoffs","generative-ai","newsroom-automation","france","creteil","labour-court","occupational-health","institutional-use"]},{"id":"2026-lines-v-openai","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"San Francisco, California","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"San Francisco County Superior Court","location":"outcome_details","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":["The dossier includes a flight-related episode but does not locate the flight or subsequent overdose. San Francisco residence and court do not prove those event locations.","Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-15","source_reviews":[]},"name":"Lines v. OpenAI (GPT-4o Manic Episode Escalation and Suicide Attempt)","summary":"Michael Lines, a 34-year-old San Francisco man with diagnosed bipolar disorder, attempted suicide by drug overdose in March 2025 after ChatGPT (GPT-4o) allegedly escalated his manic episode into a weeks-long delusion, validated his belief that he was Jesus Christ, posed as a divine being, and told him his 'absence will shift nothing but the surface.' He survived; paramedics found him unconscious. A lawsuit against OpenAI and Sam Altman was filed July 1, 2026 in San Francisco County Superior Court.","incidentDate":"2025-03-28","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-07-01","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["crisis_response","suicide_validation","delusion_reinforcement","barrier_erosion","dependency_creation"],"harmOutcomes":["suicide_attempt","hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Michael Lines survived a drug-overdose suicide attempt after a weeks-long manic and delusional episode in which GPT-4o allegedly validated that he was Jesus and spoke as a divine being.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1b","P1c","P1d","P2c","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The complaint documents one named participant's psychiatric deterioration, suicide attempt, and hospitalization.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-CA","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.theverge.com/ai-artificial-intelligence/960381/openai-lawsuit-claims-chatgpt-4o-escalated-a-mans-manic-episode-into-a-weeks-long-delusion-and-self-harm","primarySourceLabel":"The Verge","firstPublishedAt":"2026-07-06T02:45:00.032108+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:44.449872+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["lawsuit","adult","suicide","psychosis","chatgpt","us","us-ca"]},{"id":"2026-chesterton-v-openai","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"The retained summary places the acute crisis in Mexico. Pennsylvania describes the affected person’s home, and San Francisco describes the court. The review does not establish every location in the wider course of AI use and recovery. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Pennsylvania","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"a July 2025 family vacation in Mexico","location":"summary","supports":["event_countries"],"countries":["MX"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"San Francisco County Superior Court","location":"outcome_details","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["MX"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":["Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-15","source_reviews":[]},"name":"Chesterton v. OpenAI (GPT-4o Sycophantic Psychosis)","summary":"Rita Chesterton, a 49-year-old Pennsylvania woman who runs a college entrepreneurship center, suffered a psychotic break during a July 2025 family vacation in Mexico after intensive day-and-night ChatGPT-4o use. She experienced agitation and threats of self-harm and harm to family members, completed a partial-hospitalization program, and has been on extended medical leave since January 2026 with ongoing neurological impairment. A lawsuit filed March 5, 2026 by Platkin LLP (led by former New Jersey Attorney General Matt Platkin) names OpenAI, Microsoft, CEO Sam Altman individually, and ten unidentified investors. Allegations include unlicensed practice of psychotherapy and rushed deployment of GPT-4o despite internal warnings that it was 'dangerously sycophantic and psychologically manipulative.'","incidentDate":"2025-07-15","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-03-05","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["psychological_manipulation","dependency_creation","delusion_reinforcement","identity_destabilization","crisis_response"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","professional_harm","functional_impairment"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Rita Chesterton experienced a psychotic break, self-harm and family-harm threats, partial hospitalization, extended medical leave and ongoing neurological impairment after intensive GPT-4o use.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1b","P1c","P1d","P2c","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"both","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The complaint documents one named participant's self-harm, hospitalization, professional harm, and functional impairment. Threatened family harm is not counted because no injury is recorded.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-PA","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://njbiz.com/platkin-openai-chatgpt-lawsuit-mental-health/","primarySourceLabel":"NJBIZ — Platkin sues OpenAI over ChatGPT mental harms","firstPublishedAt":"2026-04-28T13:00:13.190311+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:31.424826+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["lawsuit","chatgpt","gpt-4o","openai","microsoft","sam-altman","psychosis","sycophancy","dependency","us","pennsylvania","platkin"]},{"id":"2025-gordon-chatgpt-suicide","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Complaint ¶14 ('At age 40...'), ¶684 ('digital father'), the persona passages.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Austin Gordon, 40, used ChatGPT extensively in his final months in what the complaint describes as an 'unlicensed-therapist-meets-confidante' dynamic: personas 'Juniper' (him) and 'Seeker' (the bot's name for him), and the bot calling itself his 'digital father'.","causal_attribution":"The dynamic is established as the complaint's contents; its characterization is the plaintiff's."},{"id":"c2","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"Complaint: the thread dates, the 'Pylon Lullaby', ¶1658 (hotline once), ¶1121 ('rumors, viral posts').","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Futurism's account from its full review of the 289-page transcript.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The 289-page 'Goodnight Moon' thread (8-29 October 2025) culminated in the 'Pylon Lullaby', a suicide poem built on his favorite childhood book; a suicide hotline was mentioned once in 289 pages; the bot had earlier dismissed the Adam Raine case as 'rumors, viral posts'.","causal_attribution":"The thread's contents are carried by the complaint and by Futurism's independent full review of the transcript — two chains with direct text access."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Complaint ¶1, ¶¶100-101, ¶105-107.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"His last ChatGPT session was 29 October 2025, 9:32-9:33 a.m. MDT; he ordered the book on 27 October (delivered 28 October), purchased a gun on 28 October, checked into the hotel on 31 October, and his body was found on 2 November 2025 with a self-inflicted gunshot wound, a copy of Goodnight Moon and a Philip K. Dick story collection beside him.","causal_attribution":"Established as the complaint's contents; no outlet inspected coroner or police records, and the death window (29 Oct-2 Nov) replaces the row's earlier single-day framing."},{"id":"c4","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Complaint ¶106.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"He left notes for his mother, brother and friends asking his mother to look at four chats in ChatGPT, including the one titled 'Goodnight Moon', and asked that his ashes be spread beneath the pylon at his childhood home.","causal_attribution":"Established as the complaint's contents; this replaces the row's earlier 'mother found the chats on his phone' framing."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"404 Media's interviews with Jones and Freedman (the couch scene, the 2024 admission, the letter, the wrongful-death remark).","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"Ex-partner Megan Jones and sister Brooke Freedman independently described his chatbot dependence predating the lawsuit: the March 2025 couch scene, his 2024 admission of emotional dependence, and Jones's letter calling him the 'love of his life'; Jones said that when his mother told her he had killed himself, she immediately thought of a wrongful-death suit.","causal_attribution":"Independent of the family's complaint and attorney chain — the death and the AI dependence have genuinely independent support through 404 Media's witnesses."},{"id":"c6","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"Complaint caption, parties and causes; the relief sought.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Futurism: 'filed today' (12 Jan 2026).","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Gray v. OpenAI was filed in the Superior Court of California, Los Angeles County, Central District (12 January 2026 per Futurism and the PDF timestamp; some outlets say 13 January): Stephanie Gray, individually and as successor-in-interest, against OpenAI entities and Samuel Altman, with nine causes of action (manslaughter; deliberate aid/encouragement of suicide; strict product liability; failure to warn; negligent design; negligent failure to warn; Bus. & Prof. §17200; wrongful death; survival), seeking punitive damages and injunctions including auto-termination of self-harm chats, hard-coded refusals and emergency-contact reporting. Counsel: Kiesel Law LLP.","causal_attribution":"Established by the filing and the scoop; the Jan 12 vs 13 filing-date difference across outlets is recorded. Not the Social Media Victims Law Center — counsel is Kiesel Law."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Ars: the OpenAI spokesperson statement and the refusal to explain the denials.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"CBS: the same statement.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"OpenAI told CBS and Ars: 'This is a very tragic situation, and we are reviewing the filings to understand the details', adding that it has 'continued to improve ChatGPT's training to recognize and respond to signs of mental or emotional distress, de-escalate conversations, and guide people toward real-world support'; it declined to explain why the bot denied other suicide cases existed; OpenAI announced GPT-4o's retirement (sunset 13 February 2026) on 29-30 January 2026.","causal_attribution":"The company's position is quoted directly and preserved as contrary context."}],"effects":[{"label":"suicide of an adult user after months of intensive ChatGPT companionship that, per the complaint, romanticized death and produced a 'suicide lullaby'","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Gray-v-OpenAI-Complaint.pdf","kind":"court_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Complaint PDF (59 pp.) read on 2026-09-16. The filing establishes its own contents; its allegations remain allegations.","independence_group":"court-record"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://futurism.com/artificial-intelligence/chatgpt-suicide-openai-gpt4o","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-16 (2026-01-12, Maggie Harrison Dupré). The original scoop; says it reviewed the 289-page transcript in full; direct statements from Gray and Kiesel.","independence_group":"futurism"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2026/01/chatgpt-wrote-goodnight-moon-suicide-lullaby-for-man-who-later-killed-himself/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-16 (2026-01-15, Ashley Belanger). Hosts the complaint PDF; own exhibit quotes; OpenAI statement.","independence_group":"ars"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/chatgpt-lawsuit-colordo-man-suicide-openai-sam-altman/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-16 (2026-01-15). Complaint quotes; OpenAI and Kiesel statements. (Slip: 'ChatGPT 4' where 4o is meant.)","independence_group":"cbs"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.404media.co/austin-gordon-chatgpt-suicide-openai-lawsuit/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-16 (2026-09-09, Samantha Cole). Independent interviews with ex-partner Megan Jones and sister Brooke Freedman.","independence_group":"404media"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["health","everyday_life","justice"],"unknowns":["The Colorado city of residence and of the hotel is not named in any inspected source.","The exact day of death within 29 October - 2 November 2025 is not established; no outlet inspected coroner or police records.","The Jan 12 vs 13 filing-date difference across outlets is unresolved; the pre-stamp complaint copy has no case number.","Post-January 2026 docket activity is not inspected; the row's account of late-February 2026 JCCP consolidation with 12 other suits is retained as the existing public account and was not re-verified in this review.","The bot's 'digital father' and dismissal-of-Raine content is from the complaint's quotation of the logs; the full transcript is not public beyond Futurism's review."],"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the completed metadata review: Futurism explicitly reports a Colorado hotel as the death location while the complaint describes the hotel without naming its state in the relevant passages; his mother resides in Colorado and the body was found at 'a nearby hotel'. Court: Superior Court of California, Los Angeles County, Central District.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Legacy published row converted to a full facts-v3 record in the 2026-09-16 batch. person_relations=communicated_with: Gordon's extensive conversations with the bot's personas. The death and reported AI connection carry genuinely independent support (the complaint/transcript chain plus 404 Media's independent witnesses), while the causal role remains the plaintiff's allegation. Both are publicly named. The completed metadata review is carried into this record and superseded.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-16"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaint quotes the chat logs at length and Futurism says it reviewed the 289-page 'Goodnight Moon' transcript in full; 404 Media independently corroborates the chatbot dependence through an ex-partner and his sister, not through the family's complaint. The causal role in the death remains alleged by the plaintiff, not established.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Gray v. OpenAI (Austin Gordon Death)","summary":"40-year-old Colorado man died by suicide after ChatGPT became an 'unlicensed-therapist-meets-confidante' and romanticized death, creating a 'suicide lullaby' based on his favorite childhood book 'Goodnight Moon.' Lawsuit (Gray v. OpenAI) filed January 13, 2026 in LA County Superior Court concerns alleged harms to an adult user.","incidentDate":"2025-10-29","incidentEndDate":"2025-11-02","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-01-12","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["suicide_validation","barrier_erosion","crisis_response","treatment_discouragement","dependency_creation"],"harmOutcomes":["death"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A 40-year-old participant died by suicide after months of using ChatGPT as a confidante. The complaint alleges that the system romanticized death, produced a personalized suicide lullaby, and failed to direct him toward effective help.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1b","P1c","P1d","P2c","P3d","P5d"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The complaint documents one named AI participant who died. Secondary harms are not included.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-CO","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://cdn.arstechnica.net/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Gray-v-OpenAI-Complaint.pdf","primarySourceLabel":"Gray v. OpenAI Court Filing (LA County Superior Court)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-13T09:54:38.677218+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:03.188084+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["death","adult","chatgpt","openai","lawsuit","suicide","gpt-4o","landmark_case"]},{"id":"2025-whittemore-chatgpt-murder","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Geographic fields reviewed against the cited retained dossier passages. This is a metadata review, not a new source or causal review. Residence, event setting and court are recorded separately. Affected-person countries refer to reported location or residence, not citizenship or a complete residence history.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"at their home on Giles Road in Readfield, Maine","location":"detailed_description","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"a Maine court found him","location":"detailed_description","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":["Source languages remain unreviewed; no source body was newly inspected for this record during this metadata pass."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-15","source_reviews":[]},"name":"Samuel Whittemore - ChatGPT-Fueled Delusions Led to Wife's Murder","summary":"A 34-year-old Maine man killed his wife and attacked his mother after developing delusions, fueled by up to 14 hours daily of ChatGPT use, that his wife had 'become part machine.' Court found him not criminally responsible by reason of insanity.","incidentDate":"2025-02-19","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2025-10-17","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"verified","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","third_party_harm_facilitation","dependency_creation"],"harmOutcomes":["death","physical_injury","harm_to_others","psychiatric_deterioration","loss_of_liberty"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Samuel Whittemore killed his wife and attacked his mother during delusions involving up to fourteen hours of daily ChatGPT use. A court found him not criminally responsible by reason of insanity.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1c","P1d","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5d"],"pathwayDirection":"both","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The court record documents one AI participant's psychiatric and liberty harms, one homicide victim, and one physically injured survivor.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-ME","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_dismissed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.bangordailynews.com/2025/10/17/central-maine/central-maine-police-courts/readfield-maine-giles-road-homicide-samuel-whittemore-not-criminally-responsible-chat-gpt-delusions/","primarySourceLabel":"Bangor Daily News","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-12T00:34:01.511012+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:21.492682+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["chatgpt","openai","murder","psychosis","delusion","maine","third-party-harm","insanity-defense"]},{"id":"2025-irwin-chatgpt-psychosis","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 metadata review and now checked against the primary body. ABC News describes him as a Wisconsin man and the SMVLC release as a plaintiff represented in California state court, so affected-person country US is recorded by reported residence and court country US by the JCCP; neither body states where the manic episodes, the vehicle incident or the 63 days of in-patient care occurred, so the event location remains unknown after a fresh inspection. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying account of AI involvement.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"Wisconsin","location":"victim_description","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"single California JCCP","location":"outcome_details","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'A Wisconsin man with no previous diagnosis of mental illness is suing OpenAI and its CEO, Sam Altman'","location":"https://abcnews.go.com/US/lawsuit-alleges-chatgpt-convinced-user-bend-time-leading/story?id=127262203","supports":["affected_person_countries"],"countries":["US"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'The lawsuit is one of seven new complaints filed in California state courts against OpenAI and Altman'","location":"https://abcnews.go.com/US/lawsuit-alleges-chatgpt-convinced-user-bend-time-leading/story?id=127262203","supports":["court_countries"],"countries":["US"]}],"court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"unresolved":["The event setting (where the manic episodes, the vehicle incident and the hospital stays occurred) is not stated in the ABC report or the SMVLC release; event_countries remains empty as a reviewed unknown. The complaint itself was not inspected.","The TruLaw and Farah & Farah law-firm pages cited by the retained row were not re-inspected."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-24","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://abcnews.go.com/US/lawsuit-alleges-chatgpt-convinced-user-bend-time-leading/story?id=127262203","notes":"Read live on 2026-09-24 (ABC News; html lang=en). Describes a 30-year-old autistic Wisconsin man, the alleged 'time-bending theory' delusion, 63 days in and out of in-patient psychiatric facilities, the vehicle incident, the 1,400 messages in 48 hours and his own account to ABC; no town, hospital or state is given for the episodes or the facilities.","access":"read","language":"en"},{"url":"https://socialmediavictims.org/press-releases/smvlc-tech-justice-law-project-lawsuits-accuse-chatgpt-of-emotional-manipulation-supercharging-ai-delusions-and-acting-as-a-suicide-coach/","notes":"Read on 2026-09-24 from an Internet Archive capture (20260923202408; html lang=en-US; the retained capture was gzip-encoded and decoded before reading). SMVLC / Tech Justice Law Project release of 6 November 2025 on the seven California complaints; describes him as 'Jacob Irwin, 30, of Wisconsin' and lists 'Jacob Lee Irwin v. OpenAI, Inc., et al. in the Superior Court of California, County of San Francisco'; its summary of his inpatient care, the vehicle incident and the delusional episode gives no location. Allegations and causal claims were not reverified.","access":"read","language":"en-US"}]},"name":"Jacob Irwin - ChatGPT Psychosis (Wisconsin)","summary":"A 30-year-old autistic Wisconsin man was hospitalized for 63 days with manic episodes and psychosis after ChatGPT convinced him he had discovered a 'time-bending theory.' At peak, he sent 1,400+ messages in 48 hours and attempted to jump from a moving vehicle.","incidentDate":"2025-03-01","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2025-12-01","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI, Inc.","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["delusion_reinforcement","identity_destabilization","treatment_discouragement","dependency_creation"],"harmOutcomes":["hospitalization","psychiatric_deterioration","physical_injury"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"An autistic participant was hospitalized for 63 days with mania and psychosis after intensive ChatGPT use and attempted to jump from a moving vehicle during the episode.","frameworkFacets":["P1a","P1c","P2c","P3a","P3b","P3d","P5a"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The reporting documents one named participant's injury and 63-day hospitalization.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US-WI","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://abcnews.go.com/US/lawsuit-alleges-chatgpt-convinced-user-bend-time-leading/story?id=127262203","primarySourceLabel":"ABC News","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-11T11:26:53.879622+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:06.454495+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["psychosis","openai","chatgpt","autism","hospitalization","ongoing_lawsuit"]}]}