{ "meta": { "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T14:45:08.771Z", "formatVersion": 2, "selection": { "q": "alpr", "system": "", "harm": "", "context": "", "country": "", "role": "", "relation": "", "evidence": "", "year": "", "response": "", "severity": "", "verification": "", "view": "incidents", "sort": "added" }, "totalIncidents": 2, "coverage": { "cases": 2, "countries": 1, "languages": 1, "unknownLocation": 0, "locationPending": 0, "unknownLanguage": 0, "unknownDate": 1, "lawsuits": 1, "regulatory": 0, "minors": 0, "coreRelations": 0, "contextualRelations": 2, "mixedRelations": 0, "unknownRelations": 0, "relationPending": 0, "relationUnknown": 0 }, "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.", "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.", "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker", "url": "https://nope.net/incidents", "license": "CC BY 4.0" }, "incidents": [ { "id": "2025-isaacs-flock-alpr-wrongful-arrest-florida", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Investigators found Lindsey's black Dodge Durango through a Flock automated license plate reader. The camera recorded her vehicle traveling eastbound near the Seminole and Volusia county line at 9:51 p.m. That camera was about three miles west of the crash scene. The crash happened around 9:53 p.m.'; 'A 911 caller described a maroon Dodge Durango and provided part of its license plate number'; 'A specialized Florida Highway Patrol team later inspected Lindsey's vehicle and reported finding no damage'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'Isaacs' attorney said location data and the timing of the incident showed Isaacs could not have been at the scene.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "A Flock automated license-plate reader recorded her black Dodge Durango eastbound near the Seminole and Volusia county line at 9:51 p.m. on 4 October 2025, about three miles west of a crash at about 9:53 p.m. that killed three people, and investigators found her vehicle through that record; a 911 caller had described a maroon Durango with a partial plate, and an FHP inspection found no crash damage on her SUV.", "causal_attribution": "The camera detail and timing are Fox's account of the complaint and her attorney's analysis, consistent with Flock's statement quoted in the same article; WKMG confirms the location-data-and-timing defence without the specifics." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'On April 17, 2026, Lindsey got a call from her attorney. She had to surrender that day'; 'She faced eight felony charges: three counts of vehicular homicide...'; 'she described spending her first several days in solitary confinement'; 'led to her being arrested and 13 days in jail'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'Isaacs was arrested in April and accused of driving the SUV involved in an October crash on Interstate 4 near DeBary that killed three people. She spent 13 days in jail and two weeks out on bond before the charges were dropped.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "She was arrested on 17 April 2026 on eight felony charges including three counts of vehicular homicide, spent 13 days in jail with the first several days in solitary confinement, and then two weeks out on bond before the charges were dropped.", "causal_attribution": "Two independent chains (a national interview and a local station) agree on the arrest, the 13 days and the dropped charges; the exact charge list and solitary confinement come from Fox." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'On May 22, the State Attorney's Office formally declined to prosecute Lindsey on all eight charges. Authorities then arrested Alisa Lee Montalvo... She faces nine charges, including three counts of vehicular homicide and tampering with physical evidence. She has not been convicted'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'Florida Highway Patrol later arrested another woman who investigators said was actually driving the vehicle that caused the crash.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "On 22 May 2026 the State Attorney's Office formally declined to prosecute her on all eight charges, and troopers arrested another woman, alleged to have driven a maroon Dodge Durango, on nine charges including three counts of vehicular homicide; she has not been convicted.", "causal_attribution": "Both outlets report the dismissal and the second arrest; the date and the second suspect's charges come from Fox." }, { "id": "c4", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Lindsey has since filed a federal civil rights lawsuit against two Florida Highway Patrol troopers involved in the investigation, alleging false arrest, wrongful imprisonment and malicious prosecution.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'The state kept the SUV for months. Isaacs' attorneys later obtained it while conducting their own investigation and preserving evidence for a lawsuit Isaacs filed against the Florida Highway Patrol.'; 'getting her Dodge Durango back Thursday'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "She has filed a federal civil-rights lawsuit over the arrest; her attorneys recovered her impounded SUV on 27 August 2026 while preserving evidence for the suit.", "causal_attribution": "Fox names the defendants as two troopers; WKMG describes the suit as against the Florida Highway Patrol. The complaint was not inspected." }, { "id": "c5", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Flock statement: 'Flock cameras provide investigative leads; they do not identify perpetrators, determine guilt, or make arrest decisions. In fact, the complaint itself calls the Flock evidence \"exculpatory, not inculpatory\"'; Isaacs: '\"I 100% think the second one you said, how police interpret the camera footage\"'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" } ], "assertion": "Flock Safety said its cameras provide investigative leads and do not identify perpetrators or make arrest decisions, that the complaint itself calls the Flock evidence exculpatory, and that the camera accurately placed her vehicle three miles from the scene two minutes before the crash; Isaacs said she blames how police interpreted the data rather than the technology.", "causal_attribution": "The vendor's and the plaintiff's positions on causation, both as quoted by Fox; recorded as the dispute behind causation_status." }, { "id": "c6", "status": "reported", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier addressed the case in June after News 6 questioned him about the investigation. \"Mistakes shouldn't happen. They do sometimes,\" Uthmeier said. \"This was not a good case.\"'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "Florida Attorney General James Uthmeier said in June 2026: 'Mistakes shouldn't happen. They do sometimes. This was not a good case.'", "causal_attribution": "Official comment to WKMG." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "arrested on eight felonies and jailed 13 days after an automated plate-reader sighting was treated as identification; charges dropped", "claim_id": "c2", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.foxnews.com/tech/innocent-woman-says-police-use-flock-camera-led-13-days-jail", "kind": "news_report", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-16 (datePublished 2026-09-09T09:12-04:00; Kurt Knutsson; first-person interview with Isaacs on the CyberGuy Report podcast, her attorney's analysis, the federal complaint, Flock Safety's statement).", "independence_group": "fox-cyberguy" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://www.clickorlando.com/news/local/2026/08/27/woman-wrongly-arrested-in-fatal-volusia-county-crash-gets-suv-back/", "kind": "local_tv_news", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-16 (datePublished 2026-08-27T21:48Z; WKMG News 6 Volusia County correspondent; own interview at the tow yard and the attorney general's June comment to News 6).", "independence_group": "wkmg" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "institutional_use" ], "contexts": [ "justice" ], "unknowns": [ "The federal complaint was not inspected; its case number, filing date and exact defendants are not given consistently (Fox: two troopers; WKMG: the Florida Highway Patrol).", "When police first came to her home after the 4 October crash is not dated in the inspected sources.", "The bond amount and the exact release date are not reported.", "Earlier local coverage of the arrest and dismissal (WFTV, May 2026) was not inspected: the site refuses requests from outside the United States.", "The second suspect's case is pending; she has not been convicted." ], "geography": { "basis": "Event: the I-4 crash near DeBary, her home, the Volusia County jail and the Florida Highway Patrol investigation, Florida. Affected person: Volusia County, Florida (WKMG). Courts: Volusia County criminal charges (dropped); the federal civil-rights suit in Florida.", "court_countries": [ "US" ], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an institutional automated-record case: an automated license-plate reader's record about her vehicle was treated by investigators as identification and led to eight felony charges and 13 days in jail before the charges were dropped, documented by a national interview and an independent local station. The vendor's position that the record was accurate and exculpatory is preserved, so causation is recorded as disputed. She is named in her own interviews and the public court record; the second suspect is named only as charged and unconvicted.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-16" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "Fox News reports, and Flock Safety's own statement confirms, that a Flock automated license-plate reader recorded her vehicle near the crash and that investigators found her through that record; the reader's record was accurate, and the parties dispute whether investigators' reliance on it caused the arrest (the complaint) or whether the data was exculpatory and misread (Flock).", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "made_claim_about" ] }, "name": "Florida: Lindsey Isaacs jailed 13 days on vehicular-homicide charges after troopers treated a Flock license-plate-reader sighting of her SUV as identification; charges dropped and another driver arrested", "summary": "After a crash on Interstate 4 near DeBary, Florida, on 4 October 2025 killed three people, a Flock Safety automated license-plate reader recorded Lindsey Isaacs's black Dodge Durango about three miles west of the scene two minutes before the collision. Although a 911 caller had described a maroon Durango with a partial plate that did not match, and a Florida Highway Patrol inspection found no crash damage on her SUV, she was arrested on 17 April 2026 on eight felony counts including three of vehicular homicide, spent 13 days in jail (the first several in solitary) and two weeks on bond, and her SUV was impounded for months. On 22 May 2026 the State Attorney's Office declined to prosecute all eight charges and troopers arrested another woman said to have been driving a maroon Durango. Isaacs has filed a federal civil-rights suit against two troopers; Flock Safety says its cameras provide leads, not identifications, and that its data was exculpatory. Florida's attorney general called it 'not a good case'.", "incidentDate": "2025-10-04", "incidentEndDate": "2026-05-22", "incidentKind": "bounded_series", "incidentDatePrecision": "range", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2026-08-27", "aiSystem": "Flock Safety automated license plate reader (camera near the Seminole and Volusia county line on Interstate 4)", "aiCompany": "Flock Safety", "severity": "high", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "loss_of_liberty", "legal_harm", "psychological_distress", "property_loss" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 23-year-old was charged with eight felonies including three counts of vehicular homicide, jailed for 13 days (partly in solitary) and had her SUV impounded for months after investigators treated an automated license-plate-reader sighting of her vehicle near a fatal crash as identification; the charges were dropped and she describes lasting mental, physical and emotional effects.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "disputed", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One person, Lindsey Isaacs, was arrested and jailed; the three people killed in the crash are not counted as harmed by the AI-related error.", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "lawsuit_filed", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.foxnews.com/tech/innocent-woman-says-police-use-flock-camera-led-13-days-jail", "primarySourceLabel": "Fox News (Kurt Knutsson, CyberGuy Report), 9 September 2026: interview with Isaacs and her attorney; the complaint; the Flock Safety statement; the FDOT permit revocation", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-16T03:16:39.652666+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "flock", "alpr", "license-plate-reader", "wrongful-arrest", "florida", "volusia-county", "justice", "made-claim-about", "lawsuit" ] }, { "id": "2026-san-jose-officer-flock-alpr-data-domestic-violence-accuser", "caseFacts": { "claims": [ { "id": "c1", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "Chief Joseph: 'The officer accessed license plate reader data and provided that to a suspect in a domestic violence situation, which enabled that suspect to locate a victim'; 'accused of accessing Flock camera data on his personal phone to help a family member last spring'.", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'the officer used his personal phone to access the Flock camera system and then provided the location of a vehicle to his cousin. The cousin subsequently used the information to track down his accuser, according to our partner the Bay Area News Group.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "A San Jose police officer accessed the department's Flock license-plate-reader data on his personal phone and gave a vehicle's location to a relative who was a suspect in a domestic-violence case, enabling him to locate the woman accusing him.", "causal_attribution": "The chief's public account, carried by NBC Bay Area, and ABC7's report drawing on the Bay Area News Group; the locating of the accuser is the reported consequence." }, { "id": "c2", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'we immediately placed this officer on administrative leave. We launched a criminal investigation into his conduct. We referred that investigation to the district attorney's office and we ultimately terminated'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'the officer's case was submitted to the State of California P.O.S.T. for a decertification investigation'; 'Neither the officer nor the cousin has been criminally charged.'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The officer was placed on leave, criminally investigated, referred to the district attorney and fired; the case was submitted to California POST for decertification; neither the officer nor the cousin has been charged.", "causal_attribution": "Departmental actions as announced; charging status per ABC7 on 13 September." }, { "id": "c3", "status": "corroborated", "evidence": [ { "locator": "'he has made changes to the policy to ensure the data cannot be accessed on a personal device'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s1" }, { "locator": "'officers are no longer permitted to access the system on their personal devices'; 'testing new smart auditing tools to flag possible access without a lawful purpose'", "relation": "supports", "source_id": "s2" } ], "assertion": "The department barred access to the system from personal devices and is testing auditing tools to flag access without a lawful purpose.", "causal_attribution": "Policy responses as reported by both outlets." } ], "effects": [ { "label": "a domestic-violence accuser was located by the suspect using her vehicle's plate-reader location data passed on by an officer", "claim_id": "c1", "direction": "negative" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "s1", "url": "https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/san-jose-police-fired-flock-camera/4141719/", "kind": "local_tv_news", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-16 (datePublished 2026-09-11T17:29-07:00; Robert Handa; the chief's on-camera quotes).", "independence_group": "nbc-bay-area" }, { "id": "s2", "url": "https://abc7news.com/post/san-jose-police-officer-fired-allegedly-sharing-flock-camera-data-suspect-domestic-violence-case-authorities-say/19825592/", "kind": "local_tv_news", "access": "read", "language": "en", "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-16 (datePublished 2026-09-13T22:49Z; KGO; cites the Bay Area News Group for the cousin locating his accuser).", "independence_group": "abc7-bang" } ], "version": 1, "ai_roles": [ "institutional_use" ], "contexts": [ "privacy", "public_services", "relationships" ], "unknowns": [ "The date of the disclosure is given only as 'last spring' by the chief; the incident date is left unknown rather than inferred.", "What happened after the suspect located the victim is not reported; no injury or further offence is described in the inspected sources.", "The officer's and the cousin's identities and the status of the domestic-violence case are not reported in the inspected sources.", "The Bay Area News Group original cited by ABC7 was not inspected." ], "geography": { "basis": "Event: San Jose Police Department's camera network and the locating of the victim, San Jose, California (both reports). The victim's residence is not stated beyond the San Jose case; no court proceeding is reported.", "court_countries": [], "event_countries": [ "US" ], "affected_person_countries": [ "US" ] }, "publication": { "basis": "Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an institutional privacy and safety case: automated license-plate-reader records about a domestic-violence accuser were passed by an officer to the suspect, who used them to find her, as stated publicly by the police chief and reported by two local outlets. The victim, officer and suspect are unnamed in the sources and here; the AI component generated the location record and the misuse is recorded as a human act.", "reviewed_on": "2026-09-16" }, "ai_involvement": { "basis": "The police chief states that the officer accessed the department's Flock automated license-plate-reader data and provided it to the suspect, enabling him to locate the victim; ABC7 describes the system as the Flock camera system accessed on a personal phone. The automated readers generated the vehicle-location record about the victim; the disclosure was a human act.", "status": "supported" }, "person_relations": [ "made_claim_about" ] }, "name": "San Jose: police officer fired after passing Flock license-plate-reader location data to a relative accused of domestic violence, who used it to find his accuser", "summary": "San Jose's police chief announced on 11 September 2026 that an officer had been fired after accessing the department's Flock Safety automated license-plate-reader data on his personal phone and giving a vehicle's location to his cousin, a suspect in a domestic-violence case, who used it to locate the woman accusing him. The chief called it 'a betrayal of the public trust', said the officer was placed on leave, criminally investigated and referred to the district attorney, and that the case was submitted to California's peace-officer standards commission for decertification; neither the officer nor the cousin has been charged. The department has since barred access to the system from personal devices and is testing auditing tools. Neither the victim nor the officer is named in the inspected reports.", "incidentKind": "single_event", "incidentDatePrecision": "unknown", "exposurePattern": "unknown", "reportedDate": "2026-09-11", "aiSystem": "Flock Safety automated license plate readers (San Jose Police Department camera network)", "aiCompany": "Flock Safety", "severity": "medium", "verificationStatus": "credible", "harmCategories": [], "harmOutcomes": [ "exploitation_or_abuse" ], "harmOutcomeSummary": "A woman who had accused a man of domestic violence was located by him after a police officer passed him her vehicle's automated license-plate-reader location data; the inspected reports describe the locating but no further consequence.", "frameworkFacets": [], "causationStatus": "supported", "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0, "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 1, "affectedCountStatus": "exact", "affectedCountEvidence": "One person: the domestic-violence accuser whom the suspect located using the data (NBC Bay Area, ABC7).", "victimAgeRange": "adult", "jurisdiction": "US", "platformType": "other", "outcomeType": "internal_action", "outcomeStatus": "ongoing", "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/san-jose-police-fired-flock-camera/4141719/", "primarySourceLabel": "NBC Bay Area, 11 September 2026: the chief's announcement and quotes", "firstPublishedAt": "2026-09-16T03:16:38.30859+00:00", "scopeVersion": "facts-v3", "tags": [ "flock", "alpr", "license-plate-reader", "police", "domestic-violence", "privacy", "san-jose", "california", "institutional-use" ] } ] }