{
  "meta": {
    "exportedAt": "2026-09-22T16:50:30.390Z",
    "formatVersion": 2,
    "selection": {
      "q": "ai-generated",
      "system": "",
      "harm": "",
      "context": "",
      "country": "",
      "role": "",
      "relation": "",
      "evidence": "",
      "year": "2024",
      "response": "regulatory",
      "severity": "",
      "verification": "",
      "view": "incidents",
      "sort": "added"
    },
    "totalIncidents": 2,
    "coverage": {
      "cases": 2,
      "countries": 2,
      "languages": 1,
      "unknownLocation": 0,
      "locationPending": 0,
      "unknownLanguage": 0,
      "unknownDate": 0,
      "lawsuits": 0,
      "regulatory": 2,
      "minors": 2,
      "coreRelations": 1,
      "contextualRelations": 0,
      "mixedRelations": 0,
      "unknownRelations": 1,
      "relationPending": 1,
      "relationUnknown": 0
    },
    "countingNote": "Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.",
    "affectedCountNote": "Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.",
    "source": "NOPE Incident Tracker",
    "url": "https://nope.net/incidents",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0"
  },
  "incidents": [
    {
      "id": "2025-valencia-spain-deepfake-school",
      "caseFacts": {
        "claims": [
          {
            "id": "c1",
            "status": "reported",
            "evidence": [
              {
                "locator": "'began investigating in December last year after a female student reported the creation of a social media account in her name that featured an AI-generated video'; '\"All these photos had been modified from the originals, which had been manipulated so that the people in them appeared completely naked\"'; 'a webpage devoted to advertising the images for commercial purposes'; 'After 15 other minors came forward with similar complaints'; 'a 17-year-old boy was being investigated on suspicion of corrupting minors'.",
                "relation": "supports",
                "source_id": "s1"
              }
            ],
            "assertion": "From December 2024 a girl in the Ribera Alta area reported fake accounts in her name with an AI-generated video and AI-manipulated nude photos of minors, plus a webpage advertising the images commercially; 15 other minors complained; the Guardia Civil traced the accounts to a 17-year-old schoolmate, now investigated for corrupting minors under a Valencia youth court.",
            "causal_attribution": "Guardia Civil statement as reported by the Guardian; single chain."
          }
        ],
        "effects": [
          {
            "label": "16 minors depicted in AI-generated nude images and videos on fake accounts, one impersonated by name, images advertised for sale",
            "claim_id": "c1",
            "direction": "negative"
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "id": "s1",
            "url": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/27/spanish-teenager-investigated-ai-generated-nude-videos",
            "kind": "news_report",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en",
            "translation_note": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 (The Guardian, 27 July 2025). Reports and quotes the Guardia Civil's statement of 27 July 2025; the Spanish original of the statement was not read.",
            "independence_group": "guardian"
          }
        ],
        "version": 1,
        "ai_roles": [
          "others_use"
        ],
        "contexts": [
          "education",
          "privacy",
          "justice"
        ],
        "unknowns": [
          "The outcome of the youth-court proceeding is not known.",
          "The AI tools and the platforms hosting the accounts are not named.",
          "Whether any images were actually sold is not stated."
        ],
        "geography": {
          "basis": "Guardia Civil officers in the Ribera Alta area of Valencia province investigated; the victims are the suspect's schoolmates there; a youth court in Valencia oversees the case (Guardian).",
          "court_countries": [
            "ES"
          ],
          "event_countries": [
            "ES"
          ],
          "affected_person_countries": [
            "ES"
          ]
        },
        "publication": {
          "basis": "Restored under the 2026-09-15 charter as a harmful-artifact case involving identified (unnamed) depicted minors, an impersonation and a police investigation under a youth court. One chain read; claims recorded as reported. Original ID and first-publication timestamp preserved; incident date corrected to the first complaint.",
          "reviewed_on": "2026-09-18"
        },
        "ai_involvement": {
          "basis": "The Guardia Civil statement, as quoted by the Guardian, describes AI-generated videos and AI-modified photos and a website advertising AI image-modification services; no forensic detail is published. The artifacts depicted the minors and impersonated one girl by name.",
          "status": "reported"
        },
        "person_relations": [
          "depicted_or_impersonated"
        ]
      },
      "name": "Ribera Alta, Valencia: a 17-year-old was investigated for making AI-generated nude images and videos of 16 schoolmates, impersonating a girl on fake accounts and advertising the images for sale",
      "summary": "In December 2024 a female student in the Ribera Alta area of Valencia province reported to the Guardia Civil that a social-media account had been created in her name featuring an AI-generated video, and later a second account in her name, other accounts showing AI-generated nude videos, and a webpage advertising the images for commercial purposes; the Guardia Civil said the photos, all of minors, had been manipulated so that the people in them appeared completely naked. After 15 other minors came forward with similar complaints, officers traced IP addresses and account emails to the home of a 17-year-old schoolmate, who is being investigated on suspicion of corrupting minors under a Valencia youth court. The Guardia Civil announced the investigation on 27 July 2025.",
      "incidentDate": "2024-12-01",
      "incidentKind": "bounded_series",
      "incidentDatePrecision": "month",
      "exposurePattern": "repeated_interactions",
      "reportedDate": "2025-07-27",
      "aiSystem": "AI image and video manipulation tools (not named; police examined a website advertising AI image-modification services)",
      "severity": "high",
      "verificationStatus": "credible",
      "harmCategories": [],
      "harmOutcomes": [
        "exploitation_or_abuse",
        "psychological_distress",
        "reputational_harm"
      ],
      "harmOutcomeSummary": "Sixteen minors were depicted in AI-generated nude images and videos published on fake accounts, with one girl also impersonated by name, and the images were advertised for sale; a schoolmate is under youth-court investigation.",
      "frameworkFacets": [],
      "causationStatus": "supported",
      "participantUsersAffectedMin": 0,
      "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 16,
      "affectedCountStatus": "exact",
      "affectedCountEvidence": "One complainant plus 15 other minors who came forward with similar complaints (Guardian, quoting the Guardia Civil): exact count of 16 depicted minors.",
      "victimAgeRange": "minor",
      "jurisdiction": "ES",
      "platformType": "other",
      "outcomeType": "investigation_opened",
      "outcomeStatus": "ongoing",
      "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/jul/27/spanish-teenager-investigated-ai-generated-nude-videos",
      "primarySourceLabel": "The Guardian, 27 July 2025: Spanish teenager investigated over AI-generated nude videos of 16 schoolmates (Guardia Civil statement)",
      "firstPublishedAt": "2026-03-09T05:45:25.741735+00:00",
      "scopeVersion": "facts-v3",
      "tags": [
        "deepfake",
        "ai-generated-imagery",
        "minors",
        "school",
        "impersonation",
        "spain",
        "valencia",
        "guardia-civil",
        "youth-court",
        "depicted"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "2024-singapore-isis-teen-ai-baiah",
      "metadataReview": {
        "version": 1,
        "geography": {
          "basis": "Event and affected-person country Singapore from the ISD report's own account of the planned attack near Tampines West Community Club and the detention under the Internal Security Act. No court: an ISA detention is an executive order, and no court proceeding is reported.",
          "evidence": [
            {
              "kind": "existing_record",
              "locator": "planned to attack non-Muslim males in a Tampines open space",
              "location": "summary",
              "supports": [
                "event_countries",
                "affected_person_countries"
              ],
              "countries": [
                "SG"
              ]
            },
            {
              "kind": "source_body",
              "locator": "'The first youth is a 17-year-old male student who was detained in September 2024 ... against non-Muslim males at a crowded location near Tampines West Community Club during his September school holidays'",
              "location": "https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/155/3c41ba65-fa24-4ef1-9bf9-0b79d892a742/sttar-2025-(final).pdf",
              "supports": [
                "event_countries",
                "affected_person_countries"
              ],
              "countries": [
                "SG"
              ]
            }
          ],
          "court_countries": [],
          "event_countries": [
            "SG"
          ],
          "affected_person_countries": [
            "SG"
          ]
        },
        "unresolved": [
          "No court country: the detention is an Internal Security Act order, not a court proceeding.",
          "The two press sources remain uninspected; their languages are not recorded."
        ],
        "reviewed_on": "2026-09-18",
        "source_reviews": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/singapore-terrorism-threat-assessment-report-2025/",
            "notes": "Read in English on 2026-09-18. Landing page of 29 July 2025 summarising the report; it does not itself describe the Tampines case but links the PDF.",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://isomer-user-content.by.gov.sg/155/3c41ba65-fa24-4ef1-9bf9-0b79d892a742/sttar-2025-(final).pdf",
            "notes": "Read in English on 2026-09-18 (14.9 MB PDF, text extracted with pdftotext). Pages on youth self-radicalisation describe the 17-year-old detained in September 2024, the planned knife or scissors attack near Tampines West Community Club, and that he 'had used an AI chatbot to generate a bai'ah to ISIS, and a declaration of armed jihad'.",
            "access": "read",
            "language": "en"
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/2886312/singapore-foils-teen-terror-plot-weeks-before-planned-attack-in-public-housing-area",
            "notes": "HTTP 451 to this EEA-hosted box on 2026-09-18; body not inspected, language not established.",
            "access": "unavailable",
            "language": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://theprint.in/world/singapore-warns-of-elevated-terror-threat-amid-rising-extremist-ideologies/2705989/",
            "notes": "HTTP 403 on 2026-09-18; body not inspected, language not established.",
            "access": "unavailable",
            "language": null
          }
        ]
      },
      "name": "Singapore ISIS Teen Plot (AI-Generated Oath of Allegiance)",
      "summary": "A 17-year-old self-radicalized Singaporean student used an AI chatbot to generate a bai'ah (oath of allegiance) to ISIS and planned to attack non-Muslim males in a Tampines open space with a knife or scissors. He crafted a declaration of armed jihad to release before the attack. Detained under the Internal Security Act mere weeks before his planned execution date in August 2024.",
      "incidentDate": "2024-08-15",
      "incidentKind": "single_event",
      "incidentDatePrecision": "month",
      "exposurePattern": "single_interaction",
      "reportedDate": "2025-01-15",
      "aiSystem": "AI chatbot (unspecified)",
      "aiCompany": "Unknown",
      "severity": "high",
      "verificationStatus": "verified",
      "harmCategories": [
        "third_party_harm_facilitation",
        "delusion_reinforcement",
        "minor_exploitation"
      ],
      "harmOutcomes": [
        "legal_harm",
        "loss_of_liberty"
      ],
      "harmOutcomeSummary": "A 17-year-old participant was detained under Singapore's Internal Security Act after preparing a knife attack and using an AI chatbot to generate a formal oath of allegiance to ISIS.",
      "frameworkFacets": [
        "P1d",
        "P3b",
        "P3d",
        "P5d"
      ],
      "pathwayDirection": "outward",
      "causationStatus": "supported",
      "participantUsersAffectedMin": 1,
      "otherPeopleHarmedMin": 0,
      "affectedCountStatus": "exact",
      "affectedCountEvidence": "The official record documents one detained participant. The planned attack was foiled, so intended targets are not counted.",
      "victimAgeRange": "minor",
      "jurisdiction": "SG",
      "platformType": "chatbot",
      "outcomeType": "regulatory_action",
      "outcomeStatus": "resolved",
      "primarySourceUrl": "https://www.isd.gov.sg/news-and-resources/singapore-terrorism-threat-assessment-report-2025/",
      "primarySourceLabel": "Singapore Internal Security Department - Terrorism Threat Assessment Report 2025",
      "firstPublishedAt": "2026-01-22T07:15:30.289003+00:00",
      "scopeVersion": "participant-v2",
      "tags": [
        "terrorism",
        "isis",
        "radicalization",
        "minor",
        "singapore",
        "baiah",
        "knife-attack",
        "lone-wolf",
        "foiled-plot",
        "manifesto"
      ]
    }
  ]
}