{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-11-07T02:56:41.627Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"ai-face-swap","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"core","evidence":"","year":"2024","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":2,"coverage":{"cases":2,"countries":1,"languages":1,"unknownLocation":1,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":1,"regulatory":0,"minors":0,"coreRelations":2,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":0,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":0},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2024-taiwan-band-photographer-used-ai-face-swap-to-make-sexual-images-of-female-musicians-sentenced-on-appeal","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'並使用手機內的Telegram AI合成功能，將被害人的臉部移花接木至上半身全裸、甚至是大腿以上全裸與他人性交的色情影像中。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'將多名女樂手以人工智慧深偽（Deepfake）技術，將演出與宣傳照片合成不實性影像，並投稿至社群平台X帳號供散布。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the indictment as reported, the photographer took women's photos from Facebook or Instagram and used an AI synthesis function in Telegram on his phone to paste their faces onto images of nudity and sexual acts, which a co-defendant posted on an X account for public viewing.","causal_attribution":"Prosecutors' and court account as reported; the defendant admitted the acts."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'將最少5名女樂手的演出或宣傳照，使用「AI換臉」，製作上半身裸露或與他人性交等不實性影像'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'導致多名受害者在網路上驚見自己的臉部竟被接在裸體照上，憤而向北市婦幼警察隊報案求助。' '且有被害女子們的指述、數位鑑識報告及扣案手機、電腦等證據佐證。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The images covered at least five female musicians, made from performance or publicity photos; women who found their faces attached to nude images online reported it to police, and prosecutors cited the women's statements, a digital forensics report and seized devices.","causal_attribution":"Indictment as reported by two outlets in separate articles; reported."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'未經當事人同意即合成不實性影像並公開，構成非法利用個人資料罪。' '嚴重侵害被害人隱私權及資訊自主權'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Shilin District Court convicted him of illegally using personal data, finding that making and publishing false sexual images from women's facial images without consent infringed their privacy and informational self-determination.","causal_attribution":"First-instance judgment as reported by TVBS."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'高等法院29日改判刑11月，仍給予緩刑4年的自新機會。可上訴。' '分別處有期徒刑6月、5月、6月，定應執行有期徒刑11月。也宣告緩刑4年，並需於本案判決確定後2年內，繳交國庫20萬元緩刑處分金。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"On 29 October 2026 the High Court found three counts under the Personal Data Protection Act and imposed a combined sentence of 11 months, suspended for four years, with a NT$200,000 payment to the treasury; the ruling can be appealed.","causal_attribution":"Appeal ruling as reported by ETtoday; the judgment text was not read."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'最後僅1人達成和解'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The defendant admitted the acts and tried to settle with the five women; one settlement was reached.","causal_attribution":"Court account as reported by ETtoday."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'還在X平台呼籲大家性騷擾自己整整4年' '非常噁心'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'一名被害人公開表示，自投入音樂創作與拍片後，長期遭Deepfake裸照騷擾，甚至被惡意號召性騷擾長達4年，希望司法能制裁加害者。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"One musician said publicly that she had long been harassed with deepfake nude images and that people had been urged to sexually harass her for four years, that the account was disgusting, and that she hoped the courts would punish the perpetrator.","causal_attribution":"One woman's public statement relayed by two outlets; one origin."}],"effects":[{"label":"faces of at least five women musicians pasted into AI-made false sexual images posted on X (indictment and court findings)","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"one woman describes years of harassment with deepfake nude images, people urged to harass her for four years, and disgust","claim_id":"c6","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.ettoday.net/news/20261029/3262662.htm","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Traditional Chinese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-29 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. ETtoday reports the High Court ruling and summarises the indictment.","independence_group":"taiwan-high-court-ruling-2026-10-29"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://news.tvbs.com.tw/local/3218427","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Traditional Chinese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-29 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. TVBS reports the first-instance judgment and credits part of its account to ETtoday.","independence_group":"shilin-district-court-judgment-2026-05"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/breakingnews/5323473","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Traditional Chinese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-29 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. The Liberty Times reports the indictment.","independence_group":"shilin-prosecutors-indictment-2026-01"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.mirrordaily.news/story/42258","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Traditional Chinese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-29 and translated by the research agent (an AI) into English; no human translator or reviewer was involved. Mirror Daily reports the indictment and relays a victim's public post.","independence_group":"musician-public-statement-2026-01"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice"],"unknowns":["Which Telegram AI tool was used and how many images were made.","How many people viewed the X account before it was suspended, and whether more women were depicted.","Exact dates: ETtoday dates the image-making to January and March 2024, while the Liberty Times says the images were completed in March of the previous year (2025) and posted in April.","Whether the High Court ruling will be appealed."],"geography":{"basis":"The Liberty Times reports that the images were made at the defendant's home in Taipei's Shilin district and that the women reported to the Taipei police; the case was tried by the Shilin District Court and Taiwan's High Court. The sources do not state where each woman lives, so affected-person countries are left empty.","court_countries":["TW"],"event_countries":["TW"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): prosecutors said a photographer used an AI face-swap function to turn at least five female musicians' photos into false sexual images that were posted on X, and two Taiwanese courts convicted him after he admitted the acts; the High Court sentenced him on 29 October 2026. One woman describes years of harassment. No person is named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Shilin prosecutors' indictment, as reported by the Liberty Times, says the photographer used an AI synthesis function in Telegram on his phone to paste the women's faces onto nude and sexual images, citing a digital forensics report and the seized phone; he admitted the acts, and both the district court and the High Court convicted him over the false sexual images (ETtoday, TVBS). The AI-made images depicted the women and were posted publicly, and the women found them. The Telegram tool is not named and the judgment texts were not read.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Taiwan court sentences band photographer who used AI face swapping to put at least five female musicians into false sexual images","summary":"Taiwan's High Court on 29 October 2026 sentenced a photographer from Taipei's band scene to 11 months in prison, suspended for four years, for using AI deepfake face swapping to turn performance and publicity photos of female musicians into false sexual images that were posted on an X account, according to ETtoday. Prosecutors said that from 2024 he took at least five women's photos from Facebook and Instagram and used an AI synthesis function in Telegram to paste their faces onto nude and sexual images, which a co-defendant posted for public viewing; the women found their faces on the account and reported it to police. In a first-instance ruling reported on 1 June 2026, the Shilin District Court had sentenced him to one year, suspended, for illegally using personal data; the appeal court, also finding three counts, set 11 months, again suspended and with a NT$200,000 payment to the treasury. He admitted the acts and settled with one of the five women. One of them said publicly that she had been harassed with deepfake nude images and that people had been urged to sexually harass her for four years, and that the account disgusted her. The ruling can be appealed. The photographer and the women are not named here.","incidentDate":"2024-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-01-27","aiSystem":"An AI face-swap (deepfake) synthesis function used through Telegram on the defendant's phone to put women's faces onto nude and sexual images, according to the indictment as reported; the tool is not otherwise named","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Prosecutors said a photographer used AI face swapping to make false sexual images of at least five female musicians that were posted on X, and Taiwanese courts convicted him after he admitted the acts; one woman says people were urged to sexually harass her for four years.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"established","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":5,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"ETtoday reports the indictment as covering at least five female musicians (最少5名女樂手) and TVBS reports five women discovering their faces; the court found three counts and the defendant tried to settle with five women. Five is a documented minimum; other women whose images may have been posted on the account are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"TW","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"criminal_charges","outcomeStatus":"pending","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.ettoday.net/news/20261029/3262662.htm","primarySourceLabel":"ETtoday, 29 Oct 2026: band photographer's AI face-swap images of female musicians, sentence changed to 11 months on appeal (Chinese)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-29T03:12:44.304617+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-29T03:12:44.304617+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-face-swap","deepfake-sexual-images","nonconsensual-intimate-imagery","musicians","appeal-ruling","personal-data-protection-act","taiwan"]},{"id":"2024-hangzhou-internet-court-rules-skincare-seller-used-ai-face-swap-and-voice-synthesis-to-fake-beauty-bloggers-sales-videos","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'前不久，浙江杭州互联网法院审结了这起AI深度合成肖像权侵权案'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"CCTV News reported on 29 September 2026 that the Hangzhou Internet Court had recently concluded a portrait-rights case over AI deep synthesis brought by a beauty blogger against an online skincare-sales company.","causal_attribution":"Existence of the case as reported by the state broadcaster; no judgment text inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'通过AI合成技术，批量制作了30多条虚假带货视频'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"According to the report, from June 2024 the company, without the blogger's consent, took the blogger's published short videos and livestream footage and used AI synthesis to make more than 30 fake videos promoting its products.","causal_attribution":"Facts as found and reported; the AI synthesis is the direct cause of the fabricated videos."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'被告借助AI换脸、音画重组等深度合成技术，批量伪造博主'; '的带货视频，谋取商业利益，侵权主观过错明确，构成对原告'; '肖像权的侵害'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court found that the company used AI face swap and the recombination of sound and image, layering several deep-synthesis techniques, to fabricate the videos for commercial gain, and that this infringed the blogger's portrait rights.","causal_attribution":"Court finding as reported; the court attributes the fabrication to AI deep synthesis."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'其中既有AI换脸，也包括其他深度合成，如头像画面以及声音音轨等组合方式'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A judge's assistant at the court said the techniques included AI face swap and other deep synthesis combining a head image with sound tracks.","causal_attribution":"Court official's description of the AI techniques."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'庭审中，被告当庭认可视频为其合成发布，且未取得原告授权' ... '公司在收到诉讼材料后已主动下架全部侵权视频'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In court the company acknowledged that it had synthesised and published the videos without the blogger's authorisation, but said staff made them out of fun and curiosity and that it took them all down after receiving the lawsuit papers.","causal_attribution":"Defendant's admission and defences as reported."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'综合酌定被告赔偿原告经济损失及维权费用15000元，赔偿原告精神损害赔偿金5000元，并判令被告在涉案平台显著位置刊登致歉声明、持续时间不得少于30日'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The court ordered the company to pay 15,000 yuan for economic loss and rights-protection costs and 5,000 yuan for emotional distress, and to publish an apology prominently on the platform concerned for at least 30 days.","causal_attribution":"Outcome as reported."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'两款涉案护肤品累计销量突破十万单，营业额高达740余万元' ... '证据不足以证明其因侵权行为造成的实际损失或被告某网络科技公司的获利情况'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The blogger claimed that the videos drew traffic to the company's shop and that the two products concerned sold more than 100,000 orders with turnover above 7.4 million yuan; the court found the blogger's evidence did not prove the blogger's actual loss or the company's profit.","causal_attribution":"Plaintiff's claim, with the court's finding that it did not prove loss or profit."}],"effects":[{"label":"likeness and voice synthesised into fake promotional videos without consent; court awarded emotional-distress compensation","claim_id":"c6","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://ipeconomy.cn/mobile/dongtai/11353.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-26; English renderings are the agent's own translation. ipeconomy.cn page stating its source as CCTV News (央视新闻), dated 29 Sep 2026, carrying the full report text; HTTP 200. The CCTV original was not located.","independence_group":"cctv-news-report-29-sep-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","justice"],"unknowns":["The date of the judgment and whether either party appealed.","Which AI tools and which platform were used, and how long the videos stayed online.","The CCTV original and the judgment text were not inspected."],"geography":{"basis":"The case was decided by the Hangzhou Internet Court in Zhejiang, China, so CN is the court country. The report does not state where the company operated or published the videos or where the blogger lives, so no event or affected-person country is recorded from the court's seat.","court_countries":["CN"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a core case (depicted_or_impersonated): a Chinese court found that a skincare seller used AI face swap and voice synthesis to fabricate a beauty blogger's promotional videos without consent, the seller admitted making them, and the court awarded the blogger damages including compensation for emotional distress. The record rests on one relay of the CCTV News report; the blogger and company are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-26"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Hangzhou Internet Court, as reported by CCTV News, found that the company used AI face swap and the recombination of image and sound tracks to fabricate more than 30 videos in which the blogger appeared to recommend its skincare products, and the company acknowledged in court that it had synthesised and published the videos without the blogger's authorisation. The court found that this infringed the blogger's portrait rights and awarded the blogger compensation including 5,000 yuan for emotional distress. The AI tools are not identified.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Hangzhou Internet Court rules a skincare seller used AI face swap and voice synthesis to fake a beauty blogger's sales videos, awarding damages","summary":"A CCTV News report of 29 September 2026 says the Hangzhou Internet Court in Zhejiang recently concluded a portrait-rights case brought by a beauty blogger. According to the report, from June 2024 an online skincare-sales company, without the blogger's consent, took short videos and livestream footage the blogger had published and used AI synthesis to make more than 30 fake videos in which the blogger appeared to promote its products. The court found that the company had used AI face swap and the recombination of image and sound tracks to fabricate the videos for commercial gain, infringing the blogger's portrait rights. In court the company acknowledged that it had synthesised and published the videos without the blogger's authorisation, said staff had made them out of fun and curiosity, and said it had taken them all down after receiving the lawsuit papers. The court ordered the company to pay 15,000 yuan for economic loss and the costs of protecting the blogger's rights and 5,000 yuan in compensation for emotional distress, and to publish an apology prominently on the platform concerned for at least 30 days. The blogger's claim that the products sold more than 100,000 orders was not accepted as proof of loss or profit.","incidentDate":"2024-06-01","incidentKind":"ongoing_experience","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-29","aiSystem":"AI face swap and other deep synthesis, combining a synthesised head image with sound tracks, used by a skincare-sales company to fabricate promotional videos of the blogger, according to the Hangzhou Internet Court (tools not identified)","aiProduct":"Unidentified face-swap and voice-synthesis tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to the CCTV News report of the ruling, a skincare seller used AI face swap and voice synthesis to make more than 30 fake videos in which a beauty blogger appeared to promote its products; the Hangzhou Internet Court found the blogger's portrait rights infringed and awarded the blogger compensation for emotional distress as well as economic loss.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person: the blogger who brought the case and whose likeness and voice the court found were synthesised into the videos. Viewers and buyers of the products are not counted because no harm to them is reported.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_filed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://ipeconomy.cn/mobile/dongtai/11353.html","primarySourceLabel":"ipeconomy.cn (relaying CCTV News), 29 Sep 2026: court rulings on AI face swap","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-26T03:08:11.162341+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-26T03:08:11.162341+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-face-swap","deep-synthesis","voice-synthesis","portrait-rights","livestream-commerce","court-ruling","china","depicted-or-impersonated"]}]}