{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-11-15T08:31:00.403Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"actor","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"unknown","evidence":"","year":"2023","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":2,"coverage":{"cases":2,"countries":0,"languages":2,"unknownLocation":2,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":0,"lawsuits":0,"regulatory":1,"minors":0,"coreRelations":0,"contextualRelations":0,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":2,"relationPending":0,"relationUnknown":2},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2023-duolingo-contract-translator-says-offboarded-with-half-their-team-as-company-shifted-translation-work-to-ai","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'I was one of the translations off boarded. I’m so sad.'; 'I worked there for five years. Our team had four core members and two of us got the boot.'; 'And I worked in one of their top three languages.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'writing that they were offboarded as a contractor on December 15, with a screenshot of an email from the company attached to the post'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The poster says they had worked for Duolingo for five years as a contract translator in one of its top three languages and were off-boarded in December 2023, and that two of their team's four core members were let go.","causal_attribution":"The poster's own account; TechCrunch relays it."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The reason they gave is that AI can come up with content and translations, alternative translations, and pretty much anything else translators did.'; 'The two who remained will just review AI content to make sure it’s acceptable.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'They kept a couple people on each team and call them content curators. They simply check the AI crap that gets produced and then push it through'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The poster says the reason given was that AI can produce content and translations, and that the remaining team members now review AI content.","causal_attribution":"The poster attributes the AI reason to the company; no written statement of that reason to the poster was retrieved, and the attached email gives no reason."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'The company confirmed it cut around 10% of its contractor workforce at the end of 2023'; 'the company also confirmed that part of the reason it no longer needed as many people was attributable to AI.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'While not all layoffs were due to the technology, the language learning company let go of some contractors at the end of 2023 to make room for AI-related changes in how content is generated and shared.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'it would be an “oversimplification” to say that AI is the sole reason for the reduction in jobs.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Duolingo said it cut about 10% of its contractor workforce at the end of 2023, that part of the reason it needed fewer people was AI, and that AI was not the sole reason.","causal_attribution":"Company statements relayed by three outlets; one origin (Duolingo), so reported."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A company spokesperson explained to us that GPT is used to translate sentences and then “human experts validate that the output quality is high enough for teaching'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Duolingo says AI will increasingly be used to perform tasks such as creating sentences for courses, producing lists of acceptable translations and reviewing user error reports'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Duolingo said GPT is used to translate sentences, with human experts validating the output, and that AI would increasingly create sentences, produce lists of acceptable translations and review error reports.","causal_attribution":"Company's description of its own AI use."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'the company disputed calling the departures “layoffs,” saying that only a “small minority” of Duolingo’s contractors were let go as their projects wrapped.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Duolingo says no full-time employees were involved in the layoffs and that it attempted to find alternate roles for all those being let go before turning to “off-boarding” as a last option.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Duolingo disputed calling the departures layoffs, said only a small minority of contractors were let go as projects wrapped, that no full-time employees were involved, and that it tried to find alternate roles first.","causal_attribution":"Company's qualifications of the cuts."}],"effects":[{"label":"contract translator off-boarded after five years, with half the team (poster's account)","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"},{"label":"poster says the stated reason was that AI can do translators' work","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"Duolingo cut about 10% of contractors, partly because of AI by its own account","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/18sx06i/big_layoff_at_duolingo/","kind":"forum_post","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-26: the post and the poster's 13 comments in the thread through the arctic_shift archive API (post by author, comments by link ID), and the live post through Reddit's RSS feed at about 03:00 UTC, whose text matches the archive. The live feed now shows the author as deleted; the poster's comments could not be checked live (HTTP 429). The handle is not recorded.","independence_group":"reddit-duolingo-translator-poster"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2024/01/09/duolingo-cut-10-of-its-contractor-workforce-as-the-company-embraces-ai/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-26 (HTTP 200, full article body).","independence_group":"techcrunch-duolingo-2024-01-09"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.cnn.com/2024/01/09/tech/duolingo-layoffs-due-to-ai/index.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-26 (HTTP 200, full article body).","independence_group":"cnn-duolingo-2024-01-09"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.semafor.com/article/01/09/2024/duolingo-cuts-contractors-as-it-further-embraces-ai","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-10-26 (HTTP 200, full article body).","independence_group":"semafor-duolingo-2024-01-09"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["work"],"unknowns":["How many contractors were let go in total and how many of those departures Duolingo attributes to AI.","What the company told the poster about the reason in writing; the attached exit-survey email gives none.","Where the poster and the other contractors worked.","Whether the poster later found other work or pursued any claim."],"geography":{"basis":"Duolingo is headquartered in Pittsburgh, but the sources do not say where the contractors worked or lived; headquarters is not treated as the event location.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a consequential response to a decision to adopt AI: a contract translator's first-person account of being off-boarded with half their team, and Duolingo's own statements that it cut about 10% of contractors partly because of AI. The translator's account is attributed and the company's qualification that AI was not the sole reason is kept.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-26"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"This is a consequential response to a decision to adopt AI. Duolingo told TechCrunch that GPT translates sentences before human experts validate them, told CNN that contractors were let go to make room for AI-related changes in how content is generated, and confirmed to Bloomberg (as TechCrunch reports) that part of the reason it needed fewer people was AI. The translator says the reason given to them was that AI can produce content and translations. No AI output or action toward the translator is described, and the company says AI was not the sole reason.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Duolingo contract translator says they and half their team were off-boarded as the app shifted translation work to AI; company said AI was part of the reason","summary":"In a post and comments on r/duolingo on 28 December 2023, a person who says they had worked as a contract translator for Duolingo for five years writes that they were off-boarded about two weeks earlier, that two of their team's four core members were let go, and that the reason given was that AI can produce content and translations, with the two who remained reviewing AI output. In January 2024 Duolingo told TechCrunch, CNN and Semafor that it had cut about 10% of its contractor workforce at the end of 2023. It told CNN that not all of the cuts were due to AI but that contractors were let go to make room for AI-related changes in how content is generated, and told Semafor that calling AI the sole reason would be an oversimplification. It disputed the word layoffs and said only a small minority of contractors were let go as projects wrapped. The translator's account of what they were told is theirs alone; no company statement addresses any individual contractor.","incidentDate":"2023-12-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"month","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2023-12-28","aiSystem":"OpenAI GPT models that Duolingo uses to generate course sentences and translations, which human experts then validate, according to the company and TechCrunch","aiProduct":"GPT-4 (reported)","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A contract translator says they lost five years of work with Duolingo, along with half their team, and were told AI could now do translators' work; Duolingo confirmed cutting about 10% of contractors and said AI was part, but not all, of the reason.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"Two people are counted: the poster and the second of their team's four core members who, by the poster's account, was also let go. Duolingo says about 10% of its contractors were cut but gave no number, and the AI-related share is unstated, so other affected contractors are unquantified. Neither counted person is a direct AI user; the harm is the company's staffing decision.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"unknown","platformType":"other","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.reddit.com/r/duolingo/comments/18sx06i/big_layoff_at_duolingo/","primarySourceLabel":"r/duolingo, 28 December 2023: \"Big layoff at Duolingo\"","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-26T03:09:51.720373+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-26T03:09:51.720373+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["employment","contractors","translation","ai-replacement","institutional-use","consequential-response","reddit","first-person"]},{"id":"2023-asturias-court-security-guard-dismissal-unfair-after-switch-to-ai-camera-surveillance","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'La vigilancia presencial permanente dio paso a un sistema de cámaras con inteligencia artificial, rondas itinerantes y respuesta a alarmas'; 'Duro Felguera contrató el nuevo servicio con Securitas el 1 de agosto de 2023'; 'Securitas sustituyó el 95% del sistema anterior, instaló nuevas cámaras e incorporó cámaras con IA para el análisis de vídeo'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"From 1 August 2023 Duro Felguera replaced the continuous on-site guarding provided by Protectum with a Securitas service that combined cameras with artificial intelligence for video analysis, roving patrols and alarm response, according to La Razón's account of the judgment.","causal_attribution":"La Razón's account of the proven facts of the judgment; the judgment was not inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'dejó a los vigilantes de la anterior contrata fuera del nuevo contrato'; 'que había extinguido el contrato del empleado el 31 de julio de 2023'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The guards of the outgoing contract were left out of the new contract, and Protectum ended the claimant guard's employment on 31 July 2023.","causal_attribution":"La Razón's account of the case."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'La sentencia 1385/2024 del Tribunal Superior de Justicia de Asturias, fechada el 29 de julio de 2024'; 'la nueva adjudicataria quedó absuelta porque el sistema de rondas y vigilancia electrónica era diferente'; 'El despido, sin embargo, fue declarado improcedente'; 'El fallo le reconoció 30.672,72 euros por la extinción del contrato'; 'a razón de 58,76 euros diarios'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The High Court of Justice of Asturias (judgment 1385/2024, 29 July 2024) absolved Securitas of taking on the guard because the new service differed from the old, declared the dismissal unfair and ordered Protectum to pay €30,672.72 plus processing wages at €58.76 a day.","causal_attribution":"La Razón's account of the judgment."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'aunque siguió habiendo intervención humana'; 'La presencia de esa tecnología formaba parte de la reorganización acreditada, pero no convirtió el despido en procedente'; 'El tribunal señala que el nuevo contrato era más barato'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"La Razón states that human intervention continued in the new service and that the presence of AI was part of the established reorganisation without making the dismissal lawful; the court also noted that the new contract was cheaper.","causal_attribution":"La Razón's analysis and its account of the judgment; this limits how far the job loss can be attributed to AI."}],"effects":[{"label":"a security guard lost his job when the client replaced continuous on-site guarding with a remote-monitoring service that included AI video-analysis cameras and roving patrols","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.larazon.es/tecnologia-consumo/inteligencia-artificial/justicia-avala-empresa-reemplace-sus-vigilantes-fisicos-camaras-automatizadas-inteligencia-artificial-mantener-su-plantilla_202610096ac8c68ffb06971aadff1a69.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read in full in Spanish by the research agent (an AI) on 2026-10-12 (HTTP 200); the English assertions are the agent's translation and no human translator reviewed them. The article reports the content of TSJ Asturias judgment 1385/2024, which was not itself inspected.","independence_group":"larazon-tsj-asturias-1385-2024-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["work","justice"],"unknowns":["The location of the guarded installations and how many guards of the outgoing contract lost their jobs.","What the AI cameras analysed and how much of the reduction in on-site guarding they accounted for, as against roving patrols and remote operators.","Whether an appeal for the unification of doctrine was lodged and whether the compensation has been paid.","The text of judgment 1385/2024, which was not inspected."],"geography":{"basis":"The case was decided by the Gijón labour court and the High Court of Justice of Asturias (La Razón). The article does not state where Duro Felguera's guarded installations are, so no event country is recorded from the court's seat; the guard's residence is not stated.","court_countries":["ES"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a consequential-response case: according to La Razón's account of the judgment, a guard's employment ended when the client replaced on-site guarding with a service built on AI video-analysis cameras, and the High Court of Justice of Asturias declared the dismissal unfair. The AI connection and the ruling are reported from one newspaper account; the guard is a private person and is not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-12"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"La Razón attributes the harm to a client's decision to adopt a security service that included cameras with AI for video analysis. La Razón, describing the proven facts of the judgment, reports that continuous on-site guarding gave way to a system of cameras with artificial intelligence for video analysis, roving patrols and alarm response, and that the guards of the outgoing contract were left out. It also reports that human guards still intervened and that the new contract was cheaper, so the AI cameras are one part of the reorganisation that ended the post. As La Razón reports it, the court's reasoning turned on the changed identity of the service (roving patrols and electronic surveillance, a 95% equipment renewal, a cheaper contract), and the AI cameras appear in its proven facts as one element of that renewal. No source says an AI system produced any output about the guard, so the relation is unknown under the consequential-response exemption.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Asturias court rules a security guard's 2023 dismissal unfair after a client replaced on-site guarding with AI cameras and patrols, La Razón reports","summary":"According to La Razón's account of a July 2024 judgment of the High Court of Justice of Asturias, Duro Felguera replaced the continuous on-site guarding provided by the contractor Protectum with a Securitas service that, from 1 August 2023, combined cameras with artificial intelligence for video analysis, roving patrols and alarm response. The guards of the outgoing contract were left out of the new one. Protectum ended a guard's employment on 31 July 2023. The court held that Securitas did not have to take him on because the new service was different, declared the dismissal unfair and ordered Protectum to pay him €30,672.72 in compensation plus processing wages. La Razón notes that human guards still intervened in the new service and that the presence of AI was part of the reorganisation without making the dismissal lawful.","incidentDate":"2023-07-31","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-10-09","aiSystem":"Cameras with artificial intelligence for video analysis, installed by Securitas as part of a remote-monitoring, roving-patrol and alarm-response service that replaced continuous on-site guarding; no product is named","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI video-analysis system","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"According to La Razón's account of the judgment, the guard lost his job when the client replaced continuous on-site guarding with a service built on AI video-analysis cameras, roving patrols and alarm response; the court declared the dismissal unfair and awarded him €30,672.72 plus processing wages against his former employer. Other guards of the outgoing contract were also left out; their outcomes are not reported.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"One counted: the guard whose dismissal the court ruled on. La Razón says the guards (plural) of the previous contract were left out of the new contract but gives no number and does not report whether the others lost their jobs, so only the claimant is counted, as a documented minimum.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"ES","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.larazon.es/tecnologia-consumo/inteligencia-artificial/justicia-avala-empresa-reemplace-sus-vigilantes-fisicos-camaras-automatizadas-inteligencia-artificial-mantener-su-plantilla_202610096ac8c68ffb06971aadff1a69.html","primarySourceLabel":"La Razón, 9 October 2026: report on a High Court of Justice of Asturias judgment on guards replaced by AI cameras","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-12T03:17:24.169189+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-12T03:17:24.169189+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["dismissal","workplace-ai","security-guards","video-analytics","labour-court","unfair-dismissal","consequential-response"]}]}