{"meta":{"exportedAt":"2026-10-01T06:56:37.636Z","formatVersion":2,"selection":{"q":"actor","system":"","harm":"","context":"","country":"","role":"","relation":"","evidence":"","year":"","response":"","severity":"","verification":"","view":"incidents","sort":"added"},"totalIncidents":13,"coverage":{"cases":13,"countries":7,"languages":9,"unknownLocation":6,"locationPending":0,"unknownLanguage":0,"unknownDate":4,"lawsuits":1,"regulatory":6,"minors":2,"coreRelations":8,"contextualRelations":1,"mixedRelations":0,"unknownRelations":4,"relationPending":1,"relationUnknown":3},"countingNote":"Distinct public cases in this selection. People counts apply within individual cases only; cross-case person overlap has not been resolved. No population incidence estimate.","affectedCountNote":"Interpret person counts with affectedCountStatus and the reported effects. Unquantified zeros are placeholders, not a measured zero.","source":"AI incidents","publisher":"NOPE","url":"https://nope.net/incidents","license":"CC BY 4.0"},"incidents":[{"id":"2026-taichung-renovation-contractor-suspected-ai-progress-photos-homeowners","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'透過臉書粉絲團找上標榜老屋翻修的裝修業者'; '工程原訂去年8月20日開工、預計今年3月底完工。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'雙方約定去年8月20日開工，預計今年3月底完工。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"A homeowner in Taichung's East District hired a renovation business found through a Facebook fan page; work was due to start on 20 August 2025 and finish by the end of March 2026.","causal_attribution":"Homeowner's account."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'H小姐一路配合付款達255萬3275元。'; '一樓也堆滿營建廢棄物'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'截至今年3月底，H小姐已陸續給付255萬3,275元'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"'屋主到現場查看時更不敢相信，房子竟變成建築廢棄物堆置場。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"By the end of March 2026 she had paid NT$2,553,275 while the contractor sent progress photos and payment slips and repeatedly delayed; the house was left gutted with construction waste on the ground floor.","causal_attribution":"Homeowner's account and the reporters' observation of the house (ETtoday photographed the site)."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'她將施工照片丟進AI圖片識別網頁檢測，發現幾乎都是99.9%的AI合成成分。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'屋主用AI檢測的軟體檢查照片，發現連工人都是AI畫上去'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'甚至傳送多張幾可亂真的「AI合成施工照」回報進度。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"She says the progress photos were AI-generated: an AI-image detection website rated them about 99.9% AI, and they showed workers and fittings that did not match the house.","causal_attribution":"Homeowner's detector result and comparison; outlets describe the images as suspected AI composites; no forensic finding by police reported."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'另一名屋主C小姐同樣受害，她轉帳188萬元，又面交28萬多元，總計付出200多萬元。'; '雖然業者沒有傳AI圖給她，但她後來查看粉絲專頁，發現上面的照片都是AI合成。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'還發現目前受害已經有三人。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"A second homeowner in Dali District paid more than NT$2 million to the same contractor; she did not receive AI images but says the business's fan page photos were AI-generated. CTS reports three victims so far.","causal_attribution":"Second homeowner's account (TVBS); victim count from CTS."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'詢問是否用AI圖回報假進度，對方否認。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'不過詢問裝修業者，對方否認詐騙，進一步詢問細節卻不願多說。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"A designer at the business denied using AI images to report false progress.","causal_attribution":"Contractor's response as reported."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'她已報案提告詐欺，累計匯款金額達255萬多元。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'目前全案已由檢警偵查，並嘗試併案擴大偵辦。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"She has reported the case to police and filed a fraud complaint; ETtoday reports prosecutors and police are investigating and trying to combine related complaints.","causal_attribution":"Homeowner's statement and ETtoday's report of the investigation."}],"effects":[{"label":"paid about NT$2.55 million on the strength of allegedly AI-generated progress photos while the house was left gutted","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://house.ettoday.net/news/3245899","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read live in Traditional Chinese on 2026-10-01 (ETtoday 房產雲, reporter's own visit and interviews, 29 September 2026). Researcher translation.","independence_group":"ettoday-taichung-renovation"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://news.tvbs.com.tw/local/4029203","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read live in Traditional Chinese on 2026-10-01 (TVBS, 29 September 2026; includes a call to the contractor). Researcher translation.","independence_group":"tvbs-taichung-renovation"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://news.cts.com.tw/cts/general/202609/202609293084245.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read live in Traditional Chinese on 2026-10-01 (CTS, 29 September 2026; includes the contractor's refusal). Researcher translation.","independence_group":"cts-taichung-renovation"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://fuhouse.setn.com/news/1914625","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read live in Traditional Chinese on 2026-10-01 (SETN 富房網, 29 September 2026; images credited to the Housing Consumer Protection Association). Researcher translation.","independence_group":"housing-consumer-association-release"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["Whether the progress photos were in fact AI-generated; the evidence reported is an online detector result and visual comparison, and the contractor denies it.","Which tool made the images.","Whether the third victim reported by CTS received AI images.","The outcome of the police and prosecutors' investigation."],"geography":{"basis":"Both houses are in Taichung (East District and Dali District), Taiwan, and the contractor operates in the Taichung-Changhua-Nantou area (ETtoday; TVBS). No court ruling is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["TW"],"affected_person_countries":["TW"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an adverse consumer experience in which allegedly AI-generated progress photos were used to keep a homeowner paying for unperformed work. The account is the homeowners' and the Housing Consumer Protection Association's, reported by ETtoday, TVBS, CTS and SETN; AI involvement is suspected and denied by the contractor. Homeowners appear only by initials in the sources and are not identified here; the contractor and designer are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-01"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The homeowner says an AI-image detection website rated the contractor's progress photos about 99.9% AI-generated, and she and the Housing Consumer Protection Association point to workers and fittings that do not match the house (TVBS; CTS; ETtoday). The outlets describe the photos as suspected AI composites, and a designer at the business denied using AI images (TVBS). No forensic analysis by police is reported. The images were sent by the contractor; they depict the property, not the homeowner, and no source shows an AI system communicating with her, so the relation is recorded as unknown.","status":"suspected"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Taichung, Taiwan: a homeowner who paid a renovation contractor about NT$2.55 million says the construction-progress photos it sent were AI-generated while the house was left full of debris; she has filed a fraud complaint with police, a second homeowner describes similar losses, and the contractor denies using AI images","summary":"A homeowner in Taichung's East District hired a renovation business she found through a Facebook fan page to renovate her four-storey house, with work due to start on 20 August 2025 and finish by the end of March 2026 (ETtoday). By the end of March 2026 she had paid NT$2,553,275 while the contractor cited repeated reasons for delay and sent progress photos and payment slips for materials. She became suspicious when an air-conditioning supplier named on one of the contractor's payment slips said it had not received the payment, compared the photos with the site, and ran them through an AI-image detection website, which rated them almost entirely (99.9%) AI-generated; the photos showed workers and fittings that did not exist, and the house was left gutted with construction waste piled on the ground floor (TVBS; CTS; ETtoday). She has reported it to police and, with a lawyer, filed a fraud complaint. A second homeowner in Dali District paid more than NT$2 million to the same contractor, did not receive AI images, and says the business's fan page used AI-generated pictures; CTS reports three victims so far. A designer at the business denied to TVBS that it used AI images to report false progress, and ETtoday reports prosecutors and police are investigating.","incidentDate":"2025-07-01","incidentEndDate":"2026-04-30","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-09-29","aiSystem":"Construction-progress photos and Facebook advertising images that the homeowner and a housing consumer group say were AI-generated (an online AI-image detector rated the progress photos 99.9% AI); the contractor denies it; no tool identified","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool (suspected)","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss","property_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A homeowner says she paid about NT$2.55 million to a renovation contractor that kept her paying with what she and a consumer group say were AI-generated progress photos, while her house was left gutted and full of debris; a second homeowner lost more than NT$2 million to the same business (ETtoday; TVBS; CTS). The contractor denies using AI images.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":3,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"CTS reports three victims so far who plan a joint complaint ('目前已經累積三名受害者'); two are described with their payments, the East District homeowner (NT$2,553,275) and the Dali District homeowner (more than NT$2 million) (ETtoday; TVBS). Documented minimum 3.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"TW","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://house.ettoday.net/news/3245899","primarySourceLabel":"ETtoday房產雲, 29 September 2026: AI淪裝修詐騙新工具！　台中女噴255萬「透天厝打爛變廢墟」","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-01T03:17:57.172561+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-01T03:17:57.172561+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-generated-images","renovation-fraud","consumer-fraud","facebook","taiwan","taichung","police-report"]},{"id":"2023-actor-tony-ramos-interview-redubbed-into-fake-prostate-remedy-ad","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'A equipe do ator alertou que uma entrevista que ele deu ao programa \"Mais Você\", da Ana Maria Braga, foi alterada digitalmente para promover um remédio supostamente milagroso para hiperplasia da próstata.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Segundo a equipe, falas de Tony Ramos foram editadas com o uso de tecnologia avançada para fazer parecer que ele estava endossando o produto. A equipe enfatizou que a voz do ator foi redublada e que o conteúdo original era uma homenagem a colegas de profissão.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The actor's team said that an interview he gave to 'Mais Você' was digitally altered, with his words edited and his voice redubbed, to make him appear to endorse a supposedly miraculous remedy for prostate hyperplasia.","causal_attribution":"The team's account as relayed by Terra; the video was not inspected."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'é a mais nova vítima do uso indevido de imagem em vídeos falsos criados com inteligência artificial (IA)'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Terra described the clips as fake videos created with artificial intelligence.","causal_attribution":"Terra's framing; the team statement it quotes refers to advanced technology without naming AI."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Roubaram minha imagem em uma entrevista com a Ana Maria Braga. Dublaram, mal dublado, aliás, e fizeram eu vender um remédio para próstata'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Uma deepfake sua, em uma entrevista com Ana Maria Braga, circulou nas redes sociais para vender remédios para a próstata.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 'Roda Viva' on 28 September 2026, Ramos said his image had been taken from an interview with Ana Maria Braga, badly dubbed and made to sell a prostate medicine; Estado de Minas describes the clip as a deepfake that circulated on social networks.","causal_attribution":"His own account and the outlet's 'deepfake' label. Estado de Minas says this happened 'recentemente'; whether it is the 2023 video or a later recirculation is not stated."}],"effects":[{"label":"image and redubbed voice used without consent in a fake advertisement for a prostate remedy","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/tony-ramos-e-a-mais-nova-vitima-de-proliferacao-de-golpes-com-ia,77e3ad25ee4be9c660a202668da183d28j74r5v3.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read live in Portuguese on 2026-10-01 (Terra, published 6 December 2023 per the page metadata). Licensed Pipoca Moderna article (byline Pedro Benjamin Prado); relays a statement by the actor's team. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"ramos-team-statement-2023"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.em.com.br/cultura/2026/09/7510638-tony-ramos-detona-uso-de-inteligencia-artificial-para-recriar-atores-um-horror.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"pt","translation_note":"Read live in Portuguese on 2026-10-01 (Estado de Minas, 29 September 2026); reports his remarks on 'Roda Viva' of 28 September 2026. The page credits its image to Tupi, which carries an article with the same title; the broadcast itself was not viewed. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"roda-viva-interview-2026"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","health"],"unknowns":["When the video first circulated, on which platforms, and whether it recirculated after December 2023.","Whether anyone bought the advertised product or lost money.","Whether a complaint, takedown or platform action followed.","Which tool was used and whether the voice was synthesised or dubbed by a person."],"geography":{"basis":"Neither inspected body states where the video circulated beyond 'redes sociais' or where the actor lives; no country is inferred from the Portuguese language, the outlets or the TV programmes.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a core case: an altered video depicted the actor endorsing a prostate remedy he did not endorse. He is a public figure who described it in his own words in 2026, and his team warned the public in 2023. The AI element rests on the outlets' description; the video was not inspected.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-01"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Terra describes the case as misuse of his image in fake videos created with artificial intelligence; the team statement it relays says his words were edited with 'tecnologia avançada' and his voice redubbed, without naming AI. Estado de Minas calls the clip a deepfake; Ramos's quoted words say the interview was dubbed ('Dublaram, mal dublado'). The video was not inspected and no tool is named. The altered video depicted him (depicted_or_impersonated).","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Actor Tony Ramos's interview on Ana Maria Braga's 'Mais Você' is digitally altered and redubbed into a fake advertisement for a prostate remedy, reported as made with AI; Terra reported his team's warning in December 2023 and he recounted it on 'Roda Viva' in September 2026","summary":"Terra reported on 6 December 2023 that the team of the actor Tony Ramos, then appearing in the telenovela 'Terra e Paixão', had warned that an interview he gave to Ana Maria Braga's programme 'Mais Você' was digitally altered to promote a supposedly miraculous remedy for prostate hyperplasia. According to the team, his words were edited with advanced technology to make it seem he endorsed the product, his voice was redubbed, and the original footage was a tribute to fellow professionals. Terra describes the clips as fake videos created with artificial intelligence. On the TV programme 'Roda Viva' on 28 September 2026, Ramos said his image had been stolen from that interview, badly dubbed and made to sell a prostate medicine (Estado de Minas, 29 September 2026), and Estado de Minas describes the clip as a deepfake that circulated on social networks. No buyer losses, complaint or takedown are reported.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2023-12-06","aiSystem":"Manipulated video of a 'Mais Você' interview in which the actor's words were edited and his voice redubbed to endorse a prostate remedy; Terra describes it as a fake video created with AI and Estado de Minas as a deepfake; the tool and the operators are not identified","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The actor's image and a redubbed voice were used without consent to make him appear to endorse a prostate remedy in a fake advertisement; his team had to warn the public, and he describes it as his image being stolen (his team's statement via Terra; his remarks on 'Roda Viva' via Estado de Minas).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, Tony Ramos (Terra; Estado de Minas). Viewers of the video and any buyers are not counted because no source reports anyone deceived. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.terra.com.br/diversao/tony-ramos-e-a-mais-nova-vitima-de-proliferacao-de-golpes-com-ia,77e3ad25ee4be9c660a202668da183d28j74r5v3.html","primarySourceLabel":"Terra, 6 December 2023: Tony Ramos é a mais nova vítima de proliferação de golpes com IA","firstPublishedAt":"2026-10-01T03:12:24.125788+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-01T03:12:24.125788+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfakes","celebrity-deepfake","fake-advertisement","health-product-scam","voice-redubbing","actor","portuguese-language"]},{"id":"2026-meta-instagram-ai-assisted-account-recovery-tool-exploited-to-reset-passwords","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"the system incorrectly sent a password reset link to that unassociated email rather than rejecting the request","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"This allowed unauthorized third parties to receive a password reset link for accounts they did not own","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The chatbot can be seen sending a verification code to the email address provided by the hacker","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"TechCrunch was able to verify that the hacker’s public email mailbox, which was displayed in the video, effectively received the verification code.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Through Meta's AI-assisted account recovery support system (High Touch Support), third parties received password reset links or verification codes for Instagram accounts they did not own, sent to an email address that was not associated with the account.","causal_attribution":"Two evidential bases: Meta's own notice to the Maine Attorney General (a party's account of its own system) and videos the attackers posted, in which TechCrunch confirmed that the mailbox shown received the verification code. TechCrunch's check covers that one delivery. It did not test which Meta tool sent the code or who owned the target account, and the videos were not opened for this review. The link between the chat assistant in the videos and High Touch Support is made by press reports and by Meta's spokesperson referring to the AI agent. No inspected document names both. Meta says the tool worked as intended and the failure lay in a separate code path (see c5), so the AI component's own contribution is disputed."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"the hacker opened a chat with Meta AI Support Assistant and asked the bot to add a new email address to the target’s account.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"which prompts the chatbot to show a button to “Reset Password.”","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"One video shows a hacker starting a conversation with Meta’s AI support bot and asking it to link the target account with a new email address","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"using a VPN connection with an IP address that is in or near the target’s usual hometown","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"The bot followed through with the request - sending a code to the hacker's email which, when verified, was followed by an email with a link to change their password.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"Attackers asked Meta's AI support assistant in a chat to add or link a new email address to a target Instagram username, and some used a VPN to appear in the target's location. In one video the assistant then sent a verification code to that address and showed a button to reset the password.","causal_attribution":"Every account of the chat steps traces to videos and screenshots the attackers posted on Telegram and X. TechCrunch checked one displayed mailbox. The other videos were not independently reproduced."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"the unauthorized party was able to log in to the account if the account holder had not enabled two-factor authentication (2FA)","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The hackers who released the video on Telegram said their exploit failed to work against any accounts that had MFA enabled.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"Meta's notice says the account could be logged into after the password reset if the account holder had not enabled two-factor authentication. Krebs on Security reports that the attackers who posted the video said the exploit failed against accounts with multi-factor authentication.","causal_attribution":"Meta's statement about its own system and the attackers' own statement as relayed by Krebs. Neither was tested independently."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"it can also take action for you on a growing set of requests directly within Facebook and in the future, on Instagram, including:","relation":"supports","source_id":"s12"},{"locator":"Resetting passwords","relation":"supports","source_id":"s12"},{"locator":"We’ve also started rolling out the support assistant to people who need help logging into their Facebook and Instagram accounts, starting with select cases in the US and Canada","relation":"supports","source_id":"s12"}],"assertion":"Meta announced the Meta AI support assistant for Facebook and Instagram on 19 March 2026, described it as able to take action on requests including resetting passwords directly within Facebook and, in the future, on Instagram, and said it had started rolling it out to people who need help logging into Facebook and Instagram accounts, starting with select cases in the US and Canada.","causal_attribution":"Meta's own product announcement. The announcement does not say which tool the exploited flow used. The link between this assistant and the High Touch Support tool named in Meta's notice is made by the press reports and by the notice's own description of an AI-assisted account recovery system."},{"id":"c5","status":"disputed","evidence":[{"locator":"The tool itself worked properly and functioned as intended; however due to a bug in a separate code path, the system did not properly verify that the email address provided by the individual requesting a password reset matched the email address associated with that user’s Instagram account.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Some of our internal backend checks failed in this instance, but it wasn’t due to the AI agent itself, and we’ve addressed the underlying cause.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s11"},{"locator":"Hackers simply told Meta’s AI chatbot that they were the owners of the target’s account, and asked the bot to link that person’s account to an email they controlled. The chatbot complied with the request","relation":"contradicts","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Whether the failure lay in the AI agent or in a separate code path is disputed. Meta's notice says the tool worked as intended and that a bug in a separate code path did not check the requester's email address against the account, and a Meta spokesperson told Gizmodo that some internal backend checks failed and that this was not due to the AI agent itself. TechCrunch describes the chatbot as complying with the attackers' request.","causal_attribution":"Meta's account of its own system. TechCrunch's description of the chatbot as complying with the request is a reporter's characterisation from the attackers' videos and does not test where in Meta's system the check failed."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Date(s) Breach Occured: 04/17/2026","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"Date Breach Discovered: 05-31-2026","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"May 31, 2026, Meta discovered that there was a vulnerability in an AI-assisted account","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"same day the exploitation was identified by Meta, the following actions were taken to","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"the AI-assisted support tool removing the vulnerable code path from production","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Meta's notice lists 17 April 2026 as the date the breach occurred (as 04/17/2026) and 31 May 2026 as the date it discovered the vulnerability, and says Meta disabled the AI-assisted support tool on the same day the exploitation was identified.","causal_attribution":"Meta's own dates for its own system. The notice letter gives the discovery date and no start date. The 17 April date appears only in the listing form, and the basis for it is not stated."},{"id":"c7","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"Total number of persons affected (including residents): 20225","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"Total number of Maine residents affected: 30","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"reset through the support tool, did not have 2FA enabled on their account and whose Instagram accounts were likely accessed by an unauthorized party.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"This number represents an upper bound of the users impacted as some of the accounts may have been accessed legitimately by account owners.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Maine Attorney General listing of Meta's submission gives 20225 as the total number of persons affected and 30 as the number of Maine residents. The notice defines the Maine figure as users whose passwords were reset through the tool, who had no two-factor authentication and whose accounts were likely accessed by an unauthorized party, and calls it an upper bound because some accounts may have been accessed legitimately by their owners.","causal_attribution":"Meta's own estimate. The notice's upper-bound wording is written for the Maine figure. The inspected notice does not say whether the total of 20225 counts accounts or people, how many were taken over, or how many are organisational accounts."},{"id":"c8","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"“The password got changed without my knowledge and I was getting different password reset attempts throughout yesterday,” said Wong.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"And I got repeatedly logged out from the IG iOS app[.] Quite concerning.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s10"},{"locator":"it took about five to 10 minutes to reinstate her account","relation":"supports","source_id":"s9"},{"locator":"Wong, who previously worked at Meta as a security engineer, said in a post on X her Instagram password was \"changed without my knowledge\"","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"Jane Manchun Wong, a security researcher and former Meta employee, posted on X that her Instagram password was changed without her knowledge, that she received password reset attempts and was repeatedly logged out of the app, and told Reuters that reinstating her account took about five to ten minutes.","causal_attribution":"Her own public statements, relayed by four outlets. The X post itself was not opened. Wong does not say in the quoted statements how her account was accessed, and the outlets connect it to the exploit."},{"id":"c9","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"and the account of the U.S. Space Force’s chief master sergeant","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"the account of the U.S. Space Force’s chief master sergeant","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"the Chief Master Sergeant of the U.S. Space Force were briefly defaced with pro-Iranian images and messages over the weekend","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"the Chief Master Sergeant of Space Force’s account","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"TechCrunch and Krebs on Security report that the Instagram account of the U.S. Space Force's Chief Master Sergeant was compromised, and Krebs reports that it was briefly defaced with pro-Iranian images and messages.","causal_attribution":"Reporters' accounts based on screenshots the attackers posted. The account holder is not quoted in the inspected sources and is described here by office only. Whether the account is a personal or an official office account is not stated."},{"id":"c10","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"including the Barack Obama White House account , the Chief Master Sergeant of Space Force’s account , and Sephora’s account","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"The Sephora corporate page and the account belonging to the Chief Master Sergeant of the U.S. Space Force were also hit.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s10"},{"locator":"The Instagram accounts for the Obama White House and the Chief Master Sergeant of the U.S. Space Force were briefly defaced","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"The former US president's account reportedly posted pro-Iran content before it was recovered.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"},{"locator":"the dormant Obama White House account (which Meta disputed)","relation":"context","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"Outlets named the Sephora corporate account and a dormant Obama White House account among the compromised accounts, and Krebs and the BBC report that the Obama White House account was defaced with pro-Iran content. TechCrunch's 3 June report lists the Obama White House account among apparent victims with the parenthetical '(which Meta disputed)'. Both are organisational or institutional accounts and are not counted as affected persons.","causal_attribution":"Reporters' accounts. The Guardian, Gizmodo and Reuters name Sephora on the strength of 404 Media's reporting, so Sephora rests on one chain. TechCrunch does not say what Meta disputed about the Obama White House account. The BBC reports that Meta's spokesperson called claims that world leaders' accounts were hacked totally false."},{"id":"c11","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"allowing the hacker to reset the target account’s password and take control of the account — in some cases locking out the victims.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"locking users out of their accounts and prompting a wave of complaints on platforms including X and Reddit.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s9"},{"locator":"One X user wrote that they had been unable to find \"human support\" after their Instagram account was hacked.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"},{"locator":"Everyday users complained of similar hijackings on Reddit and X over the weekend.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s8"}],"assertion":"Some victims were reported locked out of their accounts, and one person wrote on X that they could not find human support after their Instagram account was hacked.","causal_attribution":"Reporters' summaries of complaints on X and Reddit. The individual posts were not opened and the complainants are not identified."},{"id":"c12","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"TechCrunch has seen examples of allegedly hacked handles featuring common forenames or names of countries","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"(It’s important to note that it’s hard to know for sure if all these accounts were hacked due to the same technique.)","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"hijack a number of valuable (read: short) Instagram account names that allegedly have a resale value of more than a half million dollars.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"404 Media has seen text files of huge lists of “OG,” or high-value, original usernames","relation":"context","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"Short Instagram handles were reported taken in the campaign and offered for resale. TechCrunch saw examples of allegedly hacked handles being advertised for sale and notes it is hard to know whether all were taken with this technique. Krebs reports that the attackers claimed the resale value of the short handles they took exceeded half a million dollars.","causal_attribution":"The resale and value claims come from attackers' Telegram posts as relayed by TechCrunch and Krebs. No sale was confirmed and the owners are not identified."},{"id":"c13","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"\"This issue has been resolved and we are securing impacted accounts,\" Meta spokesperson Andy Stone told users in a statement on X","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"},{"locator":"On Monday, Instagram spokesperson Andy Stone said in a reply to Wong’s post and others that the issue was now fixed.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"Invalidated all existing password reset links that had been generated through the vulnerable path","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"potentially affected accounts into a mandatory security checkpoint requiring authentication before any account access","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"impacted users to reset their passwords and re-authenticate through secure, verified channels","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"A Meta spokesperson said on X on 1 June 2026 that the issue was resolved and Meta was securing impacted accounts. Meta's notice says that it disabled the tool, invalidated existing password reset links generated through the vulnerable path, enrolled potentially affected accounts in a mandatory security checkpoint and told impacted users to reset their passwords.","causal_attribution":"Meta's statements about its own response. TechCrunch reports that the response did not end the reports (see c14)."},{"id":"c14","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"On Tuesday, however, more Instagram users claimed to have had their accounts hacked.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"who claimed to still be able to exploit Meta’s AI chatbot, and they were advertising apparently hacked handles for sale","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"TechCrunch reported on 3 June 2026 that more Instagram users claimed to have had accounts hacked after Meta said the issue was resolved, and that members of a Telegram channel claimed they could still exploit the chatbot.","causal_attribution":"Claims by users and Telegram members as relayed by TechCrunch. The claims were not verified, and Meta's notice says the tool was disabled on 31 May 2026."}],"effects":[{"label":"A named security researcher reported that her Instagram password was changed without her knowledge and that she was logged out, and she told Reuters the account was reinstated in about five to ten minutes","claim_id":"c8","direction":"negative"},{"label":"The Instagram account of the U.S. Space Force's Chief Master Sergeant was reported compromised and briefly defaced with pro-Iranian content","claim_id":"c9","direction":"negative"},{"label":"Some account holders were reported locked out of their Instagram accounts, and one reported being unable to reach human support","claim_id":"c11","direction":"negative"},{"label":"Short Instagram handles were reported taken and offered for resale on Telegram","claim_id":"c12","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.maine.gov/cgi-bin/agviewerad/ret?loc=4169","kind":"regulatory_filing","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Notice PDF read directly. Its text layer separates words with U+200B characters and detaches the first letter of some paragraphs, so locators from this source are given with those characters read as spaces.","independence_group":"meta-own-statements"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://web.archive.org/web/20260609035813id_/https://www.maine.gov/agviewer/content/ag/985235c7-cb95-4be2-8792-a1252b4f8318/686120c8-63be-4e3c-b7ed-466d65b672f5.html","kind":"official_record","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"meta-own-statements"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/06/01/hackers-hijacked-instagram-accounts-by-tricking-meta-ai-support-chatbot-into-granting-access/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"attacker-posted-videos"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://techcrunch.com/2026/06/03/instagram-is-alerting-users-who-were-targeted-by-hackers-during-ai-chatbot-attacks/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"attacker-posted-videos"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.404media.co/hackers-simply-asked-meta-ai-to-give-them-access-to-high-profile-instagram-accounts-it-worked/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read through an Internet Archive capture of 1 June 2026 (20260601172133) because the live page is paywalled. The capture carries the full article.","independence_group":"attacker-posted-videos"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://krebsonsecurity.com/2026/06/hackers-used-metas-ai-support-bot-to-seize-instagram-accounts/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"attacker-posted-videos"},{"id":"s7","url":"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c98rzr72dpyo","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"attacker-posted-videos"},{"id":"s8","url":"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2026/jun/01/meta-ai-hack-obama-sephora-instagram","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"attacker-posted-videos"},{"id":"s9","url":"https://insideretail.us/how-the-sephora-instagram-hack-exposed-metas-ai-weakness/","kind":"wire_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"attacker-posted-videos"},{"id":"s10","url":"https://gizmodo.com/hackers-tricked-meta-ai-into-handing-out-access-to-major-instagram-accounts-2000766087","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"attacker-posted-videos"},{"id":"s11","url":"https://gizmodo.com/meta-says-thousands-of-instagram-accounts-were-breached-through-its-ai-support-assistant-2000768770","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"meta-own-statements"},{"id":"s12","url":"https://about.fb.com/news/2026/03/boosting-your-support-and-safety-on-metas-apps-with-ai/","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"","independence_group":"meta-own-statements"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use","institutional_use"],"contexts":["privacy","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["How many people or organisations lost control of an account is not established. Meta's listing gives 20225 persons affected and the notice calls the Maine figure an upper bound, and the notice does not say how many accounts were organisational or how many were taken over.","Meta says it is unaware of what, if any, personal information was accessed. Whether any messages or data were read is unknown.","The start date rests on Meta's listing (17 April 2026), and the notice does not state its basis. 404 Media quotes a Telegram channel documenting the hack saying the exploits were 'getting abused after quietly working for months', and separately says that the same account originally posted in Telegram about the vulnerability 'at the end of March' (the year is not stated). Neither statement gives a start date for exploitation. Meta's announcement of 19 March 2026 says the support assistant was previewed 'in December' (year not stated in the passage) and that help with logging in was starting in select cases in the US and Canada, so no inspected source establishes the earliest date of exploitation.","The end date is Meta's date for disabling the tool (31 May 2026). TechCrunch reported unverified claims of continued exploitation on 3 June 2026.","The X posts, the Telegram videos and the Reddit complaints were not opened. Reporters' descriptions of them are used.","The notice does not say how many accounts were restored to their owners, and the listing shows 19 June 2026 as the date of consumer notification in a capture taken on 9 June 2026.","Figures of about 34,000 accounts targeted and a SimpliSafe account appeared only on an aggregator page that attributes the first figure to Meta without a citation and are not used."],"geography":{"basis":"Meta's notice to the Maine Attorney General counts 30 Maine users among those potentially impacted. The countries of the other affected people, the attackers (who reportedly used VPNs to appear in the target's location) and Meta's systems are not stated in the inspected sources, and the country of the named security researcher is not stated.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["US"]},"publication":{"basis":"Meta's notice to the Maine Attorney General (a PDF read directly) and the Maine listing (an archived capture) document Meta's own account of the exploited AI-assisted tool, the dates and the affected count. Nine news reports and Meta's March announcement were read in full. The mechanism claim has two independent chains (Meta's filing and attacker-posted videos checked by TechCrunch). Harm to named account holders rests on their own statements or on reporters relaying attacker-posted screenshots, so those claims stay at reported status. Only one account holder who spoke publicly is named. The office holder is described by office only.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Meta's notice to the Maine Attorney General describes the affected system as an AI-assisted account recovery system (High Touch Support) and says it sent a password reset link to an email address not associated with the account. TechCrunch reports that no Meta employee or contractor took part in the exploit chats and checked one attacker mailbox for the code. Meta says the tool worked as intended, that the failure was a bug in a separate code path that did not verify the email address, and (to Gizmodo) that the failure was not due to the AI agent itself. Whether the AI component or the separate code path caused the failure is disputed and was not tested.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["made_decision_about"]},"name":"Third parties exploit Meta's AI-assisted Instagram account recovery tool to reset passwords, with account takeovers reported (17 April to 31 May 2026)","summary":"Meta announced the rollout of its AI support assistant on Facebook and Instagram on 19 March 2026. Meta's filing with the Maine Attorney General (notice dated 5 June 2026) says unauthorized third parties exploited a vulnerability in its AI-assisted Instagram account recovery tool (High Touch Support) to receive password reset links for accounts they did not own, and the listing gives 17 April 2026 as the breach date and 31 May 2026 as the discovery date. Videos that attackers posted, as described by TechCrunch, 404 Media and Krebs on Security, show attackers asking the assistant in a chat to link a new email address to a target username. Reported victims include the security researcher Jane Manchun Wong, who posted that her password was changed without her knowledge, the Instagram account of the U.S. Space Force's Chief Master Sergeant, and the accounts of Sephora and a dormant Obama White House page (TechCrunch marks the last as disputed by Meta). Krebs and the BBC report pro-Iran defacement of some accounts, and TechCrunch reports that some victims were locked out and that short handles were offered for resale. The filing gives 20225 persons affected in total and 30 in Maine, and the notice calls the Maine figure an upper bound. Meta says the tool worked as intended, that a bug in a separate code path failed to check the email address, and (through a spokesperson to Gizmodo) that the failure was not due to the AI agent itself. Meta says it disabled the tool on 31 May 2026, the day it discovered the exploitation.","incidentDate":"2026-04-17","incidentEndDate":"2026-05-31","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-06-01","aiSystem":"Meta AI support assistant / High Touch Support (AI-assisted Instagram account recovery tool)","aiProduct":"Meta AI support assistant","aiCompany":"Meta","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["other_material_harm","reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Reporters and Meta's notice report that third parties reset passwords on Instagram accounts and, where the account had no two-factor authentication, could log in. A named security researcher reports her password was changed without her knowledge and that reinstating the account took about five to ten minutes. Krebs on Security and the BBC report that some high-profile accounts were briefly defaced, TechCrunch reports that some victims were locked out and that short handles were offered for resale, and Meta says it does not know what personal information, if any, was accessed. Meta's filing gives 20225 persons affected in total, and its notice calls the Maine figure an upper bound.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"disputed","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":2,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"Two account holders are counted: the security researcher who posted that her account was taken over, and the office holder whose Instagram account TechCrunch and Krebs on Security report as compromised. TechCrunch's 3 June article says this account 'appeared to be' among the victims, no statement from the office holder or from Meta about this account was inspected, and whether it is a personal or an official account is not stated. Sephora and the Obama White House account are organisational or institutional accounts and are not counted. Other victims (everyday users, short-handle holders) are unquantified. Meta's listing of 20225 persons affected is not counted: the notice calls the Maine figure an upper bound and does not say how many accounts were taken over or how many were organisational.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","platformType":"assistant","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.maine.gov/cgi-bin/agviewerad/ret?loc=4169","primarySourceLabel":"Meta incident notification to the Maine Attorney General (5 June 2026)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T21:16:54.181323+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:45.477765+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["historical-2026"]},{"id":"2025-nsw-resilient-homes-program-applicant-data-uploaded-to-chatgpt","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The upload took place between 12 and 15 March 2025.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The breach occurred when a former temporary staff member of the RA uploaded data containing personal information to an unsecured Artificial Intelligence (AI) tool which was not authorised by RA.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The data shared was contained in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet with 10 columns and more than 12,000 rows of information.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Between 12 and 15 March 2025, personal information was uploaded by a former contractor of the RA to the Artificial Intelligence platform ChatGPT.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"\"Personal information was uploaded by a former contractor of the RA to the artificial intelligence platform ChatGPT,\" an RA spokesperson said.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"although it actually occurred over six months ago, between March 12 and 15.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"Between 12 and 15 March 2025 a former temporary staff member or contractor of the NSW Reconstruction Authority uploaded a spreadsheet of Northern Rivers Resilient Homes Program applicant data (10 columns, more than 12,000 rows) to ChatGPT, an AI tool the Authority had not authorised.","causal_attribution":"The Authority's own statements report the upload and its dates. The role is described as a former temporary staff member on the current page and a former contractor on the earlier notice and in the press."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"2031 people who provided information to the RA for the RHP had some of their data uploaded to ChatGPT.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"Sensitive personal information","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"no driver's licence numbers, Medicare numbers, passport numbers, or Tax File Numbers were disclosed in the breach.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The breach shared the names and addresses of program applicants, as well as email addresses, phone numbers, and other personal and health information.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"Up to 3000 individuals may be impacted by the breach.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"Sensitive health information","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Authority confirmed through external forensic analysis that 2031 program participants had some of their data uploaded to ChatGPT, including name, contact details, address, date of birth and sensitive personal information (an earlier notice said up to 3000 people and included health information); it said no driver licence, Medicare, passport or Tax File Numbers were disclosed.","causal_attribution":"The Authority's own statements report the count and data categories from its forensic analysis."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"There is no evidence that any of the uploaded data is publicly available online or has been accessed by a third party at this stage.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"There is no evidence that any information has been made public, however this cannot be ruled out,","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Authority said it found no evidence that the uploaded data was publicly available or accessed by a third party, and that this could not be ruled out at the time of the first notice.","causal_attribution":"The Authority's statement. Whether OpenAI retained or used the data is not addressed in the inspected sources."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"we are deeply sorry for the distress it may cause for those involved in the program.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"I feel concerned — the information with the RA was deeply personal,","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Authority apologised for the distress the breach may cause, and one program participant told the ABC the information held by the Authority was deeply personal and that they felt concerned.","causal_attribution":"Concern is one participant's stated reaction. No sources report identity misuse or other realised loss."},{"id":"c5","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The NSW Reconstruction Authority will provide compensation for any reasonable out of pocket expenses if any compromised identity documents need to be replaced.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"We are working with Social Futures to reach out to people who have been impacted and ID Support NSW, a government identity and cyber security support service, to assist anyone whose data may have been compromised.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"The Authority offered support through ID Support NSW and said it would compensate reasonable out-of-pocket expenses to replace compromised identity documents.","causal_attribution":"The Authority's statements about its response."}],"effects":[{"label":"personal and sensitive information of 2031 Resilient Homes Program participants was uploaded to ChatGPT without authorisation","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"},{"label":"one participant reports concern about the deeply personal information held; the Authority apologised for possible distress","claim_id":"c4","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.nsw.gov.au/departments-and-agencies/nsw-reconstruction-authority/resilient-homes-program-data-breach","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Full body read by curl on 2026-09-29 (page last updated 26 March 2026, with previous updates listed).","independence_group":"nsw-ra-statement"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2025-10-06/data-breach-northern-rivers-resilient-homes-program-chatgpt/105855284","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Full body read by curl. Relays the Authority statement; the participant quote is a separate interview within the same article, used only for that person's stated concern.","independence_group":"nsw-ra-statement"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.itnews.com.au/news/nsw-gov-contractor-uploaded-excel-spreadsheet-of-flood-victims-data-to-chatgpt-620815","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Full body read by curl. Relays the Authority breach notice; the monitoring comment is the outlet's own.","independence_group":"nsw-ra-statement"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.nsw.gov.au/departments-and-agencies/nsw-reconstruction-authority/media-releases/northern-rivers-resilient-homes-program-data-breach","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Full body read by curl. Authority media release of the first notice (October 2025).","independence_group":"nsw-ra-statement"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["privacy","public_services","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["Whether ChatGPT (OpenAI) retained or used the uploaded data, and any deletion outcome.","Whether any participant suffered identity misuse or other realised loss; none is reported.","Exact number of affected people at the first notice (up to 3000) versus the confirmed 2031.","Whether the uploader was a temporary staff member or a contractor (the Authority uses both terms).","The findings of the independent review beyond the Authority's summary of it."],"geography":{"basis":"The upload was made by a person working for the NSW Reconstruction Authority (a New South Wales Government agency) using data from its Northern Rivers Resilient Homes Program; the ABC describes the affected people as northern NSW residents.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["AU"],"affected_person_countries":["AU"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published as a concrete government-agency privacy incident involving an unauthorised AI upload with a confirmed count of affected people. The facts of the upload rest on the agency's own notices, which the press relayed. No misuse of the data is reported and the harm is exposure of personal and sensitive information. The uploader and affected people are not named.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Authority states the data was uploaded to ChatGPT and that its forensic analysis confirmed 2031 people had data uploaded. The AI system received the data; the sources do not report any ChatGPT output affecting the participants.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"New South Wales: a former staff member or contractor of the NSW Reconstruction Authority uploaded a spreadsheet of Resilient Homes Program applicant data to ChatGPT; the Authority confirmed 2031 people had data uploaded","summary":"The NSW Reconstruction Authority says that between 12 and 15 March 2025 a former temporary staff member (earlier described as a former contractor) uploaded an Excel spreadsheet with 10 columns and more than 12,000 rows from the Northern Rivers Resilient Homes Program to ChatGPT, an AI tool the Authority had not authorised. The Authority first disclosed the breach on 6 October 2025 as affecting up to 3000 people and later confirmed through external forensic analysis that 2031 people had data uploaded, including names, contact details, addresses, dates of birth and sensitive personal information (an earlier notice also listed health information). It reports no evidence that the data was made public or accessed by a third party, and that no driver licence, Medicare, passport or Tax File Numbers were included. The Authority apologised, offered ID Support NSW assistance and committed to compensate reasonable document replacement costs. One participant told the ABC they were concerned. No misuse of the data is reported.","incidentDate":"2025-03-12","incidentEndDate":"2025-03-15","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"single_interaction","reportedDate":"2025-10-06","aiSystem":"ChatGPT (OpenAI), used through an unauthorised upload of program data by a person working for the NSW Reconstruction Authority","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["other_material_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"The NSW Reconstruction Authority reports that personal and sensitive information of 2031 Resilient Homes Program participants was uploaded to ChatGPT without authorisation; it reports no evidence of public exposure or third-party access, and no realised misuse is reported (the Authority's notices and press coverage relaying them).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"unquantified","affectedCountEvidence":"The Authority states that external forensic analysis confirmed 2031 people had some of their data uploaded to ChatGPT. Those people are exposed people and are not counted as harmed: no source reports a consequence to them beyond the exposure. One participant told the ABC of concern, and the ABC does not state that this person is among the 2031. The earlier estimate of up to 3000 is not used. The uploader is not counted.","victimAgeRange":"unknown","jurisdiction":"AU-NSW","platformType":"chatbot","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.nsw.gov.au/departments-and-agencies/nsw-reconstruction-authority/resilient-homes-program-data-breach","primarySourceLabel":"NSW Reconstruction Authority: Resilient Homes Program data breach","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T12:41:19.196147+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:12.628427+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["historical-2025"]},{"id":"2026-argentina-jorge-martinez-ai-messi-milei-video-investment-scam","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'La primera estafa comenzó cuando Martínez se interesó por una supuesta plataforma de inversión que utilizaba videos falsos de Lionel Messi y Javier Milei, creados con Inteligencia Artificial, como parte de una estrategia para atraer a posibles víctimas.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'La primera estafa comenzó en una plataforma digital que usaba videos falsos de Lionel Messi y Javier Milei creados con Inteligencia Artificial para captar víctimas.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'Fue estafado por una plataforma promocionada con IA en la que utilizaban un video de Messi y otro de Milei para captar gente'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The 79-year-old actor Jorge Martínez was drawn into a supposed investment platform that used AI-generated fake videos of Lionel Messi and Javier Milei, and transferred money to it.","causal_attribution":"La Criti's post and both outlets say the platform used AI-made videos of Messi and Milei to attract people; none says whether he saw them or that they drew him in, and his quoted words do not mention the videos or AI."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'“Cuando llegaron a los $19.300 de intereses me preguntaron a dónde me los mandaban y les dije que a mi cuenta. Les di mi cuenta, como un bol…, y cuando fui al banco a la tarde me habían dejado en cero mis cuatro cuentas”, relató Martínez.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"After two weeks of calls showing fictitious interest, the scammers asked for his bank details to pay out the gains, and his four bank accounts were emptied the same day.","causal_attribution":"His account; the amount lost in the first scam is not stated."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Me sacaron los 1400 dólares que había depositado en el banco'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Soon after, a separate scam by callers posing as Temu took the 1,400 dollars he had deposited; no AI element is reported in that second scam.","causal_attribution":"Recorded as context; the second scam is not attributed to AI."}],"effects":[{"label":"savings in four bank accounts emptied after an investment platform promoted with AI-made celebrity videos","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://laopinionaustral.com.ar/argentina/jorge-martinez-victima-de-una-doble-estafa-un-falso-messi-creado-con-ia-y-una-supuesta-bonificacion-de-temu-713028.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read live in Spanish on 2026-09-29 (La Opinión Austral, 28 September 2026). Relays the actor's account as told by journalist Nahuel Saa (La Criti). Researcher translation.","independence_group":"la-criti-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.pronto.com.ar/espectaculos/2026/9/28/jorge-martinez-victima-de-una-doble-estafa-le-vaciaron-las-cuentas-y-perdio-todos-sus-ahorros-264332.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read live in Spanish on 2026-09-29 (Pronto, 28 September 2026); same account and quotes. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"la-criti-account"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://x.com/LaCritiok/status/2104695128891756941","kind":"journalist_social_post","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Post text read in Spanish on 2026-09-29 via api.fxtwitter.com (bodies/verify-ar-lacriti-x-2104695128891756941.json); the attached 99-second video of Martínez speaking was not transcribed. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"la-criti-account"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["finance","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["The amount lost in the first scam and when it happened.","Whether he filed a police complaint.","Which platform and videos were involved."],"geography":{"basis":"Martínez is presented by Argentine outlets as a telenovela actor and the amounts he describes are in pesos (La Opinión Austral; Pronto); no body states his residence. The scammers' phone numbers came from Spain and England per his account; the platform's location is unknown, so no event country is recorded.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["AR"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an adverse financial experience (an investment platform promoted with AI-made videos of Messi and Milei, on which he lost the savings in his four bank accounts); the AI system's relation to him is unknown. The account is his, relayed by the journalist La Criti and two Argentine outlets; he is a public figure. The AI element rests on that account.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Journalist Nahuel Saa (La Criti) posted on X on 28 September 2026 that Martínez was defrauded by a platform 'promocionada con IA' that used a video of Messi and another of Milei to attract people; La Opinión Austral and Pronto rewrite this as fake videos created with AI. Martínez's quoted words do not mention AI or the videos. The videos were not inspected and the AI claim is not independently verified. The AI depicted third parties; no AI relation to the actor himself is established, so the relation is unknown.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["unknown"]},"name":"Argentina: actor Jorge Martínez, 79, loses the savings in his four bank accounts to an investment platform promoted with AI-made fake videos of Lionel Messi and Javier Milei, then loses 1,400 dollars to a separate fake-Temu call","summary":"Journalist Nahuel Saa (La Criti) reported in September 2026 that the 79-year-old telenovela actor Jorge Martínez, who was saving a sum in dollars, had fallen for two consecutive online scams. In the first, he became interested in a supposed investment platform that used fake videos of Lionel Messi and Javier Milei created with artificial intelligence, transferred money, and received calls for about two weeks showing growing interest. When the callers asked where to send 19,300 pesos of 'interest', he gave his bank account, and that afternoon his four accounts had been emptied. He noted that the callers' numbers were from Spain and England. Soon after, callers posing as Temu promised him a 500,000-peso loyalty bonus, asked for his account, and took the 1,400 dollars he had deposited; no AI element is reported in that second scam.","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2026-09-28","aiSystem":"AI-generated fake videos of Lionel Messi and Javier Milei used to promote the investment platform (per the relayed account); the tool is not identified","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"An elderly actor lost the savings in his four bank accounts after being recruited by an investment platform promoted with AI-made celebrity videos (his account via La Criti, La Opinión Austral and Pronto).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, Jorge Martínez (La Opinión Austral; Pronto). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"elderly","jurisdiction":"AR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"unknown","primarySourceUrl":"https://laopinionaustral.com.ar/argentina/jorge-martinez-victima-de-una-doble-estafa-un-falso-messi-creado-con-ia-y-una-supuesta-bonificacion-de-temu-713028.html","primarySourceLabel":"La Opinión Austral, 28 September 2026: Jorge Martínez, víctima de una doble estafa: un falso Messi creado con IA y una supuesta bonificación de Temu","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T03:22:15.951695+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:24.357832+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfakes","investment-scam","celebrity-deepfake","messi","milei","elderly","argentina","financial-loss"]},{"id":"2026-guanajuato-vendimias-spot-announcer-voice-ai-clone-carreto","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'El locutor comercial Diego Carreto denunció que en un spot promocional de las Vendimias de Guanajuato, elaborado por una empresa privada, pero difundido por la Secretaría de Turismo del Estado, se utilizó su voz sin su autorización, pues él nunca trabajó ni para ese spot, ni para esa empresa, ni para la Secretaría de Turismo.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'“El gobierno utilizó un anuncio para una campaña nacional con mi voz, cuando yo no fui contactado para esa campaña, no la grabé”.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"A promotional spot for Vendimias Guanajuato, produced by a private agency and distributed by the Guanajuato state tourism secretariat, used a voice that the León commercial announcer Diego Carreto says is his although he never recorded it or worked for the agency or the secretariat.","causal_attribution":"His account. That the voice was made with generative AI is his inference; neither the agency nor the secretariat has confirmed how it was produced."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Por lo tanto, al ser público, supuso que su demo fue parte del material que se utilizó para alimentar a la inteligencia artificial generativa.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'Pido tres cosas: la remuneración por mi trabajo, porque es mi voz. El que se dé de baja todo el material que yo no grabé”, además de la eliminación de sus datos biométricos.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Carreto believes his public voice demo was used to train or feed a generative-AI voice system, and he asked for removal of the material, payment for the use of his voice, legal action against those responsible and deletion of his biometric data.","causal_attribution":"His stated belief about the method and his demands."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'El spot ya se difundió a nivel nacional, dijo él mismo, y en entrevista con AM precisó que lo vio en Puebla y en la Ciudad de México.'; 'También señaló que el spot se difundió a nivel estatal en la radio, en las redes sociales de la Secretaría de Turismo del Estado de Guanajuato y del Gobierno de Guanajuato, así como en la plataforma oficial de promoción turística de México, llamada Visit México.'; 'AM verificó este domingo y el spot ya no estaba en la cuenta de X de la Sectur estatal.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Carreto says the spot circulated nationally (he saw it in Puebla and Mexico City) and was distributed within Guanajuato on radio, on the social media of the state tourism secretariat and the state government, and on the Visit México platform; AM found it no longer on the secretariat's X account on 27 September.","causal_attribution":"Distribution as described by Carreto; the removal from X is AM's own check."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'“Rechazamos cualquier uso indebido de la voz o imagen de una persona, incluido el uso de herramientas de inteligencia artificial sin la autorización correspondiente”.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'hemos solicitado de manera inmediata a la empresa responsable de su producción que aclare lo ocurrido, responda al planteamiento y atienda la situación conforme corresponda'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"The state Secretaría de Turismo e Identidad said it rejects any unauthorised use of a person's voice or image, including with AI tools, and asked the production company to clarify what happened, respond to the complaint and deal with the situation as appropriate.","causal_attribution":"The secretariat did not confirm or deny that his voice was cloned."}],"effects":[{"label":"a voice he says is his, which he never recorded, used without consent or payment in a state tourism advertisement","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.am.com.mx/guanajuato/2026/09/27/diego-carreto-denuncia-que-clonaron-su-voz-con-ia-para-spot-de-vendimias-guanajuato-1849241.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read live in Spanish on 2026-09-29 (Periódico AM, 27 September 2026). Interview with Carreto plus AM's own checks. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"carreto-account"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://ahoramx.com/2026/09/parece-un-capitulo-de-black-mirror-diego-carreto-denuncia-uso-de-su-voz-con-ia/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read live in Spanish on 2026-09-29 (Ahora Mx interview). Researcher translation.","independence_group":"carreto-account"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://periodicocorreo.com.mx/leon/2026/sep/27/denuncian-uso-no-autorizado-de-voz-con-ia-en-promocion-de-vendimias-guanajuato-2026-167667.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read live in Spanish on 2026-09-29 (Periódico Correo, 27 September 2026); quotes the Secretaría de Turismo e Identidad communiqué. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"sectur-guanajuato-statement"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.conxionturistica.com/post/secretar%C3%ADa-de-turismo-de-guanajuato-rechaza-y-condena-uso-indebido-de-voz-o-imagen-de-persona-con-in","kind":"news_relay","access":"read","language":"es","translation_note":"Read live in Spanish on 2026-09-29; relays the same communiqué. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"sectur-guanajuato-statement"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["institutional_use"],"contexts":["work"],"unknowns":["How the voice was produced; the agency's account.","Whether he has been paid or a legal complaint filed.","Whether the spot has been withdrawn from all channels.","When the spot was produced and first aired; it was circulating before his complaint of 25 September 2026."],"geography":{"basis":"The spot was commissioned for the Guanajuato state tourism campaign and broadcast in Mexico; Carreto lives in León, Guanajuato (Periódico AM).","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["MX"],"affected_person_countries":["MX"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a core case (a professional's voice reproduced without consent in a government-distributed advertisement, which he attributes to AI cloning). The account is his, reported by several Mexican outlets; the state tourism secretariat's response is recorded. AI use is suspected, not established.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"Carreto says the voice in the spot is his and that he never recorded it; he infers that his public demo fed a generative-AI system and notes that the agency advertises AI services (Periódico AM; Ahora Mx). The state secretariat's communiqué refers to AI tools without confirming their use (Periódico Correo). No technical analysis is reported.","status":"suspected"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Guanajuato, Mexico: León announcer Diego Carreto says a state-distributed Vendimias Guanajuato tourism ad used an AI clone of his voice that he never recorded or was paid for; the state tourism secretariat asks the producing agency to explain","summary":"On 25 September 2026 Diego Carreto, a 26-year-old commercial announcer from León, Guanajuato, published a video saying that a promotional spot for Vendimias Guanajuato 2026, produced by a private agency and distributed by the state Secretaría de Turismo e Identidad, used his voice although he never recorded it, never worked with the agency and was never contacted. He showed segments of the spot and repeated the same lines himself. He believes his public voice demo was fed into a generative-AI system, and asked for removal of all material with his voice, payment for its use, legal action against those responsible and deletion of his biometric data. He says the spot ran nationally, and within Guanajuato on radio, on state government social media and on the Visit México platform. The secretariat said it rejects any unauthorised use of a person's voice or image, including with AI tools, and asked the producing company to clarify what happened. AI use has not been confirmed.","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-27","aiSystem":"A voice attributed by the announcer to generative-AI cloning, used in an advertisement produced by a private agency for the Guanajuato state tourism secretariat; the tool and its use are unconfirmed","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool (suspected)","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["professional_harm","other_material_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A commercial announcer says his voice was reproduced, which he attributes to AI cloning, and used without consent or payment in a nationally broadcast state tourism advertisement (Carreto via Periódico AM and Ahora Mx).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the announcer whose voice was used (Periódico AM). Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"MX-GUA","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"internal_action","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.am.com.mx/guanajuato/2026/09/27/diego-carreto-denuncia-que-clonaron-su-voz-con-ia-para-spot-de-vendimias-guanajuato-1849241.html","primarySourceLabel":"Periódico AM, 27 September 2026: Diego Carreto denuncia que clonaron su voz con IA para spot de Vendimias Guanajuato","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T03:22:11.290326+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:38.71861+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["voice-cloning","voice-actor","government-advertising","guanajuato","mexico","unauthorised-use","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2025-chiranjeevi-ai-deepfake-porn-videos-hyderabad-cybercrime-complaint","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'అక్టోబర్‌ 25న ఇచ్చిన లిఖిత పూర్వక ఫిర్యాదులో, కొందరు వెబ్‌సైట్లు తన రూపంలో కృత్రిమ మేధ (AI) సహాయంతో అసభ్య దృశ్యాలు సృష్టించి వ్యాప్తి చేస్తున్నట్లు తెలిపారు.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'ఆర్టిఫిషియల్ ఇంటెలిజెన్స్ (ఏఐ) టెక్నాలజీని ఉపయోగించి, తన ముఖాన్ని మార్ఫింగ్ చేసి అశ్లీల (పోర్న్) వీడియోలను సృష్టిస్తున్నారని ఆయన తన ఫిర్యాదులో పేర్కొన్నారు.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"On 25 October 2025 the actor and former Union minister Chiranjeevi gave Hyderabad cybercrime police a written complaint that pornographic websites were publishing obscene videos made with AI that morphed his face and likeness.","causal_attribution":"The complainant's account; the videos' creators were not identified in the read sources."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Based on the complaint, the police have registered a case under Sections 67 and 67A of the IT Act, Sections 79, 294, 296 and 336(4) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), and Sections 2(c), 3 and 4 of the Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'చిరంజీవి ఫిర్యాదు మేరకు పోలీసులు ఐటీ చట్టంలోని సెక్షన్లు 67, 67ఏ, భారతీయ న్యాయ సంహిత (BNS)లోని సెక్షన్లు 79, 294, 296, 336(4)తో పాటు పలు ఇతర చట్టాల కింద కేసు నమోదు చేశారు.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Police registered a case under Sections 67 and 67A of the IT Act, Sections 79, 294, 296 and 336(4) of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and the Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act.","causal_attribution":"Police registration of the case as reported; no arrest is reported in the read sources."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'In his complaint, Chiranjeevi condemned the videos as “malicious” and said they have caused “severe and irreparable harm” to his reputation. “These fabricated clips distort public perception, undermine decades of goodwill, and inflict personal and emotional distress on me and my family,” he stated.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'వీడియోల కొనసాగుతున్న ప్రచారం తన మానసిక ఆరోగ్యానికీ, గౌరవానికీ నష్టం కలిగిస్తోందని పేర్కొన్నారు.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"In his complaint he said the videos caused severe and irreparable harm to his reputation and personal and emotional distress to him and his family.","causal_attribution":"His own statement of the effects in the complaint."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'ఇలాంటి కంటెంట్‌ ప్రచారం నిరోధించేందుకు ఇప్పటికే హైదరాబాద్‌ సిటీ సివిల్‌ కోర్టు ప్రధాన న్యాయమూర్తి నుంచి తాత్కాలిక నిషేధాజ్ఞ కూడా పొందినట్లు తెలిపారు.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'వాటిని తొలగించాలని సిటీ సివిల్కోర్టును సెప్టెంబరులో ఆశ్రయించారు. దీంతో కోర్టు అదే నెల 26న ఆయా వెబ్సైట్లలో కంటెంట్తొలగించాలని ఆదేశాలు జారీ చేసింది.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"Before the police complaint he had obtained an interim injunction from the Hyderabad City Civil Court; V6 Velugu reports that he approached that court in September 2025 over deepfake obscene videos on porn sites and that on 26 September it ordered the content removed from those websites.","causal_attribution":"Court order as reported; the order itself was not inspected. Locator for s5 is quoted with zero-width characters removed."}],"effects":[{"label":"AI-made obscene videos using his likeness published on pornographic sites; he reported reputational harm and emotional distress to himself and his family","claim_id":"c3","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.telugupost.com/top-stories/chiranjeevi-deepfake-cybercrime-complaint-hyderabad-1595809","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"te","translation_note":"Read live in Telugu on 2026-09-29 (published 27 October 2025); summarises the written complaint. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"chiranjeevi-complaint"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.ap7am.com/tn/846021/chiranjeevi-lodges-police-complaint-over-deepfake-pornographic-content","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"te","translation_note":"Read live in Telugu on 2026-09-29 (published 27 October 2025); quotes the complaint and the sections registered. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"chiranjeevi-complaint"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://gulfnews.com/entertainment/chiranjeevi-files-complaint-over-ai-deepfake-vulgar-videos-on-adult-sites-says-it-distressed-his-family-1.500324422","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live in English on 2026-09-29 (published 28 October 2025); quotes the complaint as reported by ANI.","independence_group":"chiranjeevi-complaint"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.newsx.com/offbeat/chiranjeevi-deepfake-mms-case-actor-approaches-police-over-ai-generated-obscene-videos-276933/","kind":"news_relay","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read live in English on 2026-09-29 (published 28 September 2026). A recap of the October 2025 complaints that gives no event dates; its only unique content is the Hyderabad police commissioner's statement. Not used for dates.","independence_group":"chiranjeevi-complaint"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.v6velugu.com/megastar-chiranjeevi-complaint-on-social-media-trolls-against-hyderbad-cyber-crimes-police-station","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"te","translation_note":"Read live in Telugu on 2026-09-29 (29 October 2025); reports a second complaint about abusive posts and recaps the civil suit and the deepfake complaint. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"chiranjeevi-complaint"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["Who made and uploaded the videos, and whether anyone has been arrested.","When the videos first appeared online; V6 Velugu reports a civil suit over them in September 2025, so they circulated by then.","Whether the videos were removed from the websites.","The exact complaint date: Telugupost says the written complaint was given on 25 October 2025; V6 Velugu dates it to 27 October 2025."],"geography":{"basis":"The complaint was filed with Hyderabad cybercrime police in Telangana, India (Telugupost; Gulf News). Before the complaint he had obtained an interim injunction from the Hyderabad City Civil Court, which Telugupost says was aimed at stopping the spread of such content and which V6 Velugu says ordered the content removed from the websites on 26 September 2025. Where the websites are hosted is not stated.","court_countries":["IN"],"event_countries":["IN"],"affected_person_countries":["IN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a core case (AI-generated sexual videos depicting a named public figure without consent, with a registered police case). The account rests on his complaint as reported by Telugu and English outlets. No imagery is described beyond the complaint's terms. The lead arrived through a September 2026 recap; the event dates come from October 2025 reporting.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaint, as reported, says the videos were made with AI technology that morphed his face into obscene content (Telugupost; ap7am; Gulf News via ANI). No forensic finding is reported and the tool is not named.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Hyderabad, India: actor Chiranjeevi files a cybercrime complaint over AI-generated obscene videos using his face on pornographic websites; police register a case under the IT Act and BNS","summary":"On 25 October 2025 the Telugu actor and former Union minister Konidela Chiranjeevi gave Hyderabad cybercrime police a written complaint that several pornographic websites were publishing obscene videos made with AI that morphed his face and likeness, and asked for a criminal and technical investigation and removal of the content, including from mirror sites. Police registered a case under Sections 67 and 67A of the IT Act, several sections of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita and the Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act. In the complaint he said the videos caused severe and irreparable harm to his reputation and personal and emotional distress to him and his family. He had already obtained an ad-interim injunction from the Hyderabad City Civil Court protecting his name, image and likeness (Gulf News); V6 Velugu reports that he had gone to that court in September 2025 over the same kind of deepfake videos and that on 26 September it ordered their removal. A September 2026 NewsX recap reports that Hyderabad Police Commissioner V C Sajjanar said the cybercrime team was working to trace those responsible.","incidentDate":"2025-10-25","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2025-10-27","aiSystem":"Unnamed AI tools used to morph his face into obscene videos (per his complaint)","aiProduct":"Unidentified video tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"AI-generated obscene videos using his likeness were published on pornographic websites; he reported severe harm to his reputation and emotional distress to himself and his family (his complaint via Telugupost, ap7am and Gulf News/ANI).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One depicted person, Chiranjeevi (his complaint). His family's reported distress is his statement and is not counted separately. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"IN-TG","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.telugupost.com/top-stories/chiranjeevi-deepfake-cybercrime-complaint-hyderabad-1595809","primarySourceLabel":"Telugupost, 27 October 2025: డీప్‌ఫేక్‌ అసభ్య వీడియోలపై చిరంజీవి సైబర్‌ క్రైమ్ కు ఫిర్యాదు","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T03:22:09.016588+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:16:59.537311+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfakes","deepfake-pornography","non-consensual-intimate-imagery","tollywood","hyderabad","telangana","india","police-complaint","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2026-yoona-ai-pregnancy-composite-images-sm-criminal-complaint","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'앞서 온라인 커뮤니티와 SNS 등에는 윤아의 얼굴을 무단으로 합성한 사진이 급속도로 퍼졌다.'; '해당 게시물에는 윤아가 배가 부른 모습으로 등장하며, 얼굴은 모자이크 처리된 한 남성이 윤아의 배 위에 손을 얹는 모습이 연출돼 논란이 일었다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'최근 윤아의 초상을 무단으로 합성한 불법 AI 생성 이미지와 이를 바탕으로 한 허위사실이 무분별하게 제작·유포되고 있는 상황을 추가적으로 확인했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'특히 해당 이미지 게시자가 윤아의 실제 SNS 계정을 태그해 사진을 게재하기도 했다'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"AI-generated images synthesising the face of YoonA (Im Yoon-ah) of Girls' Generation, showing her apparently pregnant with a man touching her belly, spread on social media and online communities together with false claims based on them.","causal_attribution":"The images are described by her agency as illegal AI-generated composites; their creators are not identified."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'이를 바탕으로 이미 형사고소를 진행하였고, 어떠한 선처나 합의 없이 강경하게 대응할 예정입니다.'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'이를 바탕으로 이미 형사고소를 진행했고, 어떠한 선처나 합의 없이 강경하게 대응할 예정'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Her agency SM Entertainment said on 28 September 2026 that it had already filed a criminal complaint on the basis of evidence gathered from fan reports and monitoring, and would respond without leniency or settlement.","causal_attribution":"Agency statement; no police action or suspect is reported."}],"effects":[{"label":"fabricated AI images depicting her as pregnant spread online with false claims about her","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.starnewskorea.com/star/2026/09/28/2026092819154494314","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-09-29 (Star News, 28 September 2026); reproduces the full SM Entertainment statement. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"sm-entertainment-statement"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.segye.com/newsView/20260928517569","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-09-29 (Segye Ilbo, 28 September 2026); relays the same statement. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"sm-entertainment-statement"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.spotvnews.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=1010237","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ko","translation_note":"Read live in Korean on 2026-09-29 (29 September 2026); relays the statement and adds career background. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"sm-entertainment-statement"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["When the images first appeared and on which platforms.","Who made them and with what tool.","The police agency handling the complaint and any investigation outcome."],"geography":{"basis":"YoonA is a Korean singer and actor with a Korean drama and film career (SPOTV News) represented by SM Entertainment, whose statement cites Korean statutes (Star News). Where the images were made or first posted is not stated, and the authority receiving the complaint is not named, so no event or court country is recorded.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["KR"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a core case (AI-generated images depicting a real, named public figure in a fabricated pregnancy, circulated with false claims). The account rests on her agency's statement, relayed by several Korean outlets; YoonA is a public figure and the subject of the statement. The images are not reproduced or described beyond the agency's description.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-29"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"SM Entertainment's statement describes the images as illegal AI-generated images synthesising her likeness (Star News; Segye Ilbo). No tool is named and no forensic analysis is reported.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"South Korea: AI-generated images depicting Girls' Generation's YoonA as pregnant spread online with false claims; her agency SM Entertainment says it has already filed a criminal complaint","summary":"SM Entertainment said on 28 September 2026 that illegal AI-generated images synthesising the likeness of YoonA (Im Yoon-ah), singer and actor of Girls' Generation, and false claims built on them had been made and spread on social media and online communities. Korean outlets describe images showing her apparently pregnant with a man placing a hand on her belly (his face blurred, per Star News). The agency said it had collected evidence from fan reports to its KWANGYA 119 channel and monitoring, had already filed a criminal complaint, and would respond without leniency or settlement, warning that making, posting or re-sharing the images could breach Korean defamation, portrait-rights and sexual-crime (false video) provisions.","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"unknown","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-28","aiSystem":"Unnamed generative-AI image tool used to synthesise her likeness (per SM Entertainment's statement)","aiProduct":"Unidentified image tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["reputational_harm"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Fabricated AI images of YoonA as pregnant, with false claims about her, circulated online; her agency filed a criminal complaint (SM Entertainment via Star News and Segye Ilbo).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"alleged","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One depicted person, YoonA (SM Entertainment via Star News). The unidentified man in the image is not counted. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"KR","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.starnewskorea.com/star/2026/09/28/2026092819154494314","primarySourceLabel":"Star News, 28 September 2026: 소녀시대 윤아, 악의적 임신 AI 합성 피해..SM \"이미 형사고소\"[전문]","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-29T03:22:06.71184+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:59.374935+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfakes","ai-generated-images","k-pop","girls-generation","sm-entertainment","south-korea","criminal-complaint","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2025-tsuda-v-tiktok-ai-voice-imitation-tokyo","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'生成AI（人工知能）によって自身の声を無断で模倣した動画が公開されているとして、人気声優の津田健次郎さんが、TikTok（ティックトック）の運営会社に動画の削除を求めて東京地裁に提訴していたことが23日分かった。'; '2024年7月〜25年9月、津田さんの声質を模したナレーションを付け、都市伝説やオカルト、雑学をテーマとした動画を188本投稿したとされる。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'訴状などによると、２０２４年７月～２５年９月、都市伝説や陰謀論を扱う画像に津田さんの声質を模したナレーションを付けた動画１８８件が投稿された。'; '動画には「ツダケンの声がする」「声が似ている」などのコメントが相次いだ。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'訴状によると、問題の動画アカウントは2024年7月以降、津田さんの声を模したナレーションで都市伝説や心霊現象を語る内容で、少なくとも188件投稿した。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"According to Mr Tsuda's complaint, an account run by an unidentified person posted at least 188 videos between July 2024 and September 2025 narrated by a generative-AI imitation of his voice, without his permission, and viewers commented that the voice sounded like him.","causal_attribution":"Plaintiff's allegations as reported from the complaint and his lawyer (one chain); the court has not ruled."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'ティックトックには再生回数に応じて金銭が支払われる仕組みがあり、月50万〜75万円の収益を上げたとしている。'; '提訴は25年11月。この時点で投稿者は21万人以上のフォロワーを有し、動画の平均再生回数は147万回に上るという。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"'動画の再生数に応じて投稿者は月50万～75万円の収益を上げていた、と津田さん側は主張している。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"His side says the account had about 210,000 followers when he sued in November 2025, videos averaged 1.47 million views, and the poster earned 500,000 to 750,000 yen a month from TikTok's view-based payments.","causal_attribution":"Plaintiff's figures; not independently verified."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'これに対して運営会社側は「投稿者は『友人の声を生成ＡＩに学習させた』と述べており、普遍的な男性の声にすぎない」などと反論。提訴後に動画データがアカウントごと削除されたとし、「訴えの利益はない」として請求却下も求めている。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'一方、ティックトック側は答弁書で、問題の音声が「津田さんと『同一の声』かどうかは客観的に明らかではない」などと反論。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"},{"locator":"'25年8月、東京地裁がティックトック側に投稿者の情報の開示を命じたが、開示された情報が古く、投稿者の特定に至らなかったという。'","relation":"context","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"TikTok's operator disputes the claim, saying it is not objectively clear the voice is the same as his and that it is a generic male voice, that the poster said they had trained AI on a friend's voice, and that the account and videos were deleted after the suit was filed; it asks for the claim to be dismissed.","causal_attribution":"Defendant's position as reported."},{"id":"c4","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'高橋裁判長は判決理由で、一般論として人の声は「肖像と同様に個人の人格の象徴と言える」と指摘。実演家の声を無断で使用する行為は、もっぱらその声がもつ顧客吸引力の利用が目的と認められる場合にはパブリシティー権の侵害に当たるとの考え方を示した。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'判決は、人の声は容姿と同じように「個人の人格の象徴といえる」と指摘。'; '人の声が法的な保護の対象になると認めた司法判断は初めて。'; '声優らの声を無断で使う行為について、その声に商品の販売などを促す顧客吸引力があり、もっぱらその声の顧客吸引力を利用する目的で使っている場合は「パブリシティー権の侵害にあたると解するのが相当だ」と述べた。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'30日の判決で東京地裁は「人の声は肖像と同様に個人の人格の象徴」と指摘しました。'; 'そのうえで実演家の声を無断で使用することについて、顧客吸引力の利用する目的があれば「パブリシティー権」の侵害に当たるとする初めての判断を示しました。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"},{"locator":"'模倣された声が入った動画の削除を求めた訴訟の判決が３０日、東京地裁で言い渡される。生成ＡＩによる声の権利侵害を巡る初の訴訟で'","relation":"context","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'ベテラン声優らは「声の権利を認めてほしい」と訴え、津田健次郎さんが起こした訴訟の判決を見守っている。'","relation":"context","source_id":"s4"}],"assertion":"On 30 September 2026 the Tokyo District Court held, as a general principle, that a person's voice is a symbol of individual personality like a likeness, and that using a performer's voice without permission solely to exploit its power to attract customers infringes the right of publicity; it was described as the first such judicial finding in Japan.","causal_attribution":"Court's general holding as reported by three outlets that each reported the judgment; the judgment text itself was not read."},{"id":"c5","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'ただ今回の動画はすでに運営会社のサーバーからも削除されているとし、これ以上削除する義務を負っておらず原告の請求は理由がないと結論付けた。問題の動画がパブリシティー権を侵害しているかは判断を示さなかった。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'一方で判決は、今回の裁判で津田さん側が問題とした動画は削除済みだと認定。津田さんの声の権利が侵害されたかについては判断しなかった。'; 'ただ、今回の事例では動画がすでに消えており、ティックトックの運営会社に削除義務はないと判断。津田さん側の請求は退けた。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"},{"locator":"'一方で、動画の削除についてはアカウントがすでに削除されているため、削除義務がないとし、津田さん側の請求を退けました。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s7"}],"assertion":"The court dismissed Mr Tsuda's claim because the videos had already been deleted, so TikTok's operator had no duty to delete them, and it did not decide whether the videos infringed his publicity right.","causal_attribution":"Court's disposition as reported; no finding that the videos imitate or infringe his voice."},{"id":"c6","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'原告側は津田さんの声と混同させて月50万〜75万円の収益を得ていたなどとして、不正競争防止法違反にも当たると主張したが、この点については判決は言及しなかった。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"}],"assertion":"According to Nikkei, the judgment did not address his separate argument that the videos breached the Unfair Competition Prevention Act by passing them off as his voice.","causal_attribution":"Single report (Nikkei)."},{"id":"c7","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'今年5月には投稿者がアカウントを削除した。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s5"},{"locator":"'提訴後の今年5月、投稿者がアカウントを削除し、問題の動画は表示されなくなっていた。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"The poster deleted the account in May 2026, after the suit was filed.","causal_attribution":"Reported by Nikkei and the Asahi Shimbun from the proceedings."},{"id":"c8","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'判決後、津田さんの代理人弁護士は控訴しない方針を示した。'; 'ティックトックの運営会社は「今後も、テクノロジーの発展と権利保護のバランスのとれた在り方について、誠実に取り組んでいく」とコメントした。'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s6"}],"assertion":"After the judgment his lawyer said they did not plan to appeal, and TikTok's operator said it would keep working on a balance between technological development and rights protection.","causal_attribution":"Statements reported by the Asahi Shimbun."}],"effects":[{"label":"voice allegedly imitated by generative AI without permission in at least 188 monetised TikTok videos that viewers associated with him","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.jiji.com/jc/article?k=2026092600287&g=soc","kind":"wire_report","access":"read","language":"ja","translation_note":"Read live in Japanese on 2026-09-28; summarised in English by the researcher (no human translation). Reports the complaint and TikTok's filings. Re-read on 2026-10-01.","independence_group":"tsuda-complaint"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUD231K30T20C26A5000000/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ja","translation_note":"Read live in Japanese on 2026-09-28 (23 May 2026); sourced to the plaintiff's lawyer and the complaint. Researcher translation. Re-read on 2026-10-01.","independence_group":"tsuda-complaint"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASV5T2J1LV5TUTIL00FM.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ja","translation_note":"Read live in Japanese on 2026-09-28 (May 2026); the visible article text was read and quotes the complaint and TikTok's answer. Researcher translation. Re-read on 2026-10-01.","independence_group":"tsuda-complaint"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.jiji.com/jc/article?k=2026092600297&g=soc","kind":"wire_report","access":"read","language":"ja","translation_note":"Read live in Japanese on 2026-09-28 (26 September 2026). Industry context; does not add facts about the Tsuda videos. Researcher translation. Re-read on 2026-10-01.","independence_group":"jiji-industry-feature"},{"id":"s5","url":"https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUD262B00W6A920C2000000/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ja","translation_note":"Read live in Japanese on 2026-10-01 (30 September 2026 judgment report by Nikkei; photo credited to Kyodo). Researcher translation.","independence_group":"nikkei-judgment-report"},{"id":"s6","url":"https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASV9Z11V1V9ZUTIL02SM.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ja","translation_note":"Read live in Japanese on 2026-10-01; the visible text before the paywall was read (about 1,000 characters remain unread). Bylined by the Asahi Tokyo city news court reporter. Researcher translation.","independence_group":"asahi-judgment-report"},{"id":"s7","url":"https://news.tv-asahi.co.jp/news_society/articles/900200797.html","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"ja","translation_note":"Read live in Japanese on 2026-10-01 (TV Asahi running summary of the 30 September 2026 judgment). Researcher translation.","independence_group":"tv-asahi-judgment-report"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["work","justice"],"unknowns":["Who ran the account and which AI tool produced the voice (a court-ordered disclosure in August 2025 did not identify the poster, according to the Asahi Shimbun).","Whether the voice was modelled on Mr Tsuda's voice and whether the videos infringed his publicity right; the court dismissed the claim because the videos had already been deleted, without deciding either.","Mr Tsuda's own account of personal or financial effects; no statement from him was read.","The full judgment text; it was not read, and the court's reasoning is taken from news reports."],"geography":{"basis":"Mr Tsuda is a Japanese voice actor working in Japan and the suit is in the Tokyo District Court (Nikkei; Jiji). The poster is unidentified and the place where the videos were made is not reported, so no event country is recorded.","court_countries":["JP"],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":["JP"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a core case (a generative-AI voice alleged to impersonate a real, named performer in monetised videos). Updated after the 30 September 2026 judgment: the facts of the videos come from his complaint as reported by Nikkei, the Asahi Shimbun and Jiji Press, with TikTok's rebuttal; the ruling is taken from Nikkei, Asahi and TV Asahi reports. Imitation and infringement remain undecided because the court dismissed the claim on the ground that the videos had already been deleted. Mr Tsuda is a public figure suing in his own name; the poster is unidentified.","reviewed_on":"2026-10-01"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The complaint alleges generative-AI imitation of his voice (Nikkei; Asahi; Jiji). TikTok's side and the poster reportedly say the voice was generated by AI trained on a friend's voice, so AI generation is asserted by both sides; whether it imitates Tsuda was not decided by the court, which dismissed the claim because the videos had been deleted.","status":"reported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Tokyo: voice actor Kenjiro Tsuda sued TikTok's operator over at least 188 monetised videos he says were narrated by a generative-AI imitation of his voice; on 30 September 2026 the Tokyo District Court held that a voice can be protected by publicity rights but dismissed his deletion claim because the videos had already been deleted","summary":"Kenjiro Tsuda, a Japanese voice actor known for roles in Jujutsu Kaisen, sued the operator of TikTok in the Tokyo District Court in November 2025, seeking removal of videos he says use a generative-AI imitation of his voice without permission. According to his complaint, as reported by Jiji Press, Nikkei and the Asahi Shimbun, an account run by an unidentified person posted at least 188 short videos on urban legends, the occult and trivia between July 2024 and September 2025, narrated in a voice modelled on his; the account had about 210,000 followers, videos averaged 1.47 million views, and his side says the poster earned 500,000 to 750,000 yen a month from TikTok's view-based payments. TikTok's operator said the voice was a generic male voice that the poster said came from AI trained on a friend's voice. The poster deleted the account in May 2026. On 30 September 2026 the court held, as a general principle, that a person's voice is a symbol of personality like a likeness and that using a performer's voice without permission solely to exploit its power to attract customers infringes the right of publicity, the first such ruling in Japan. It dismissed the claim because the videos were already gone and TikTok's operator had no remaining duty to delete them, and it did not decide whether these videos infringed his rights (Nikkei; Asahi Shimbun; TV Asahi). His lawyer said they did not plan to appeal.","incidentDate":"2024-07-01","incidentEndDate":"2025-09-30","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-05-23","aiSystem":"An unidentified generative-AI voice tool used by an anonymous TikTok account to produce narration (the plaintiff alleges the voice imitates his; the poster reportedly said the model was trained on a friend's voice); videos distributed on TikTok","aiProduct":"Unidentified voice-cloning tool","severity":"low","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Mr Tsuda alleges that an anonymous poster used a generative-AI imitation of his voice, without permission, to narrate at least 188 monetised TikTok videos that viewers took to be his, infringing his rights over his voice; TikTok disputes that the voice is his, and the court dismissed his deletion claim without deciding infringement because the videos had been deleted (Nikkei, Asahi and Jiji Press).","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"disputed","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One person, the plaintiff Kenjiro Tsuda, whose voice is alleged to have been imitated (Nikkei; Asahi; Jiji Press). Followers and viewers are not counted. Other voice actors described in the Jiji industry feature are separate accounts and are not counted. Exact 1.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"JP","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"lawsuit_dismissed","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXZQOUD262B00W6A920C2000000/","primarySourceLabel":"Nikkei, 30 September 2026: 声にもパブリシティー権、初の司法判断　津田健次郎さんの請求は棄却","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-28T03:31:37.82387+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-10-01T03:17:49.922519+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["voice-cloning","voice-actor","publicity-rights","tiktok","japan","tokyo-district-court","lawsuit","depicted-or-impersonated","court-ruling"]},{"id":"2026-shanghai-ai-generated-persona-online-romance-fraud-170k-yuan","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"«对方自称1992年出生，是知名三甲医院医生，手握医院物业工程项目资源» (she claimed to be born in 1992, a doctor at a well-known tertiary hospital, holding hospital property-engineering project resources); «陆续向对方转账共计17万元» (transferred a total of 170,000 yuan in instalments); «就连想要打一通视频电话，对方也会以母亲在一旁看管作为理由拒绝» (even a video call was refused on the ground that her mother was watching); «反复回想交往细节，…越想越不对劲，才到派出所报案» (thinking back over the details he felt something was wrong and went to the police station).","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"«在短短5个月时间里，…陆续向对方转账共计17万元» (in just five months he transferred 170,000 yuan in total); «去年开始与其频繁聊天» (frequent chatting began last year, i.e. 2025).","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Over five months the man transferred a total of 170,000 yuan to a woman he had met on a social platform in 2021 who claimed to be a 1992-born doctor at a well-known top-tier hospital with property-engineering projects to award; she refused meetings and video calls citing her mother; he reported to the police when the promised projects never materialised.","causal_attribution":"police account via the programme 案件聚焦, relayed by Jiupai News and Guangming Net; single official chain."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"«实际出生于1961年，现年65岁，她并无医生资质，仅曾在医院从事后勤保洁工作» (actually born in 1961, now 65, no medical qualification, had only done hospital logistics cleaning); «注意到部分视频角落有一行小字提示：本作品含AI生成内容» (noticed a small corner label on some videos: this work contains AI-generated content); «累计近七千条日常视频、上万粉丝，全都是AI磨皮、场景合成制作而成» (nearly 7,000 videos and 10,000-plus followers, all made with AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing); «一人分饰两角，利用多个账号，分别扮演自己和早已离世的母亲» (played two roles through multiple accounts, herself and her long-dead mother).","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"«…社交账号发布的累计近7000条日常视频、上万粉丝，全都是AI磨皮、场景合成制作而成» (the account's nearly 7,000 videos were all AI-processed).","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Police found the woman was born in 1961, aged 65, had no medical qualification and had worked as a hospital cleaner; her close to 7,000 videos were made with AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing, some carrying a small 'contains AI-generated content' label the victim had never noticed; she used multiple accounts to play herself and her deceased mother.","causal_attribution":"Police findings as presented in the programme; no independent chain."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"«全部被她用于医美护肤、购置衣物等个人挥霍。2009年，她还曾因诈骗罪被判处有期徒刑四年六个月» (all spent on cosmetic treatments and clothing; in 2009 she was sentenced to four years six months for fraud); «因涉嫌诈骗罪，已被公安机关依法采取刑事强制措施» (criminal coercive measures taken for suspected fraud).","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"},{"locator":"«…曾于2009年因诈骗罪被判监4年半。目前，…因涉嫌诈骗罪已被公安机关采取刑事强制措施» (2009 fraud sentence of four and a half years; now under criminal coercive measures).","relation":"supports","source_id":"s3"}],"assertion":"The 170,000 yuan was spent on cosmetic skin treatments and clothing; the woman had been sentenced to four years and six months for fraud in 2009; she is under criminal coercive measures for suspected fraud.","causal_attribution":"Police statement relayed by press."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"«同时与十余人保持暧昧关系» (simultaneously kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten people). (police-attributed sentence in the Epoch Times)","relation":"supports","source_id":"s4"},{"locator":"headline: '65岁阿姨AI换脸装“90后”美女，谈10多个暧昧对象' (the s1 body text does not repeat it)","relation":"context","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Police said the woman simultaneously kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten people; no loss by anyone else is reported.","causal_attribution":"Police statement relayed by the Epoch Times; context only, no further victims quantified."}],"effects":[{"label":"a man transferred 170,000 yuan over five months to a fabricated AI-processed persona and the money is reported spent","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://m.gmw.cn/2026-09/16/content_1304564495.htm","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 (Guangming Net, 16 September 2026, sourced to 贵阳晚报). Marks the victim's name as a pseudonym (化名). Same police-programme chain as the other sources. Model-read original; English glosses unreviewed by a bilingual human. Chain line '综合：法治日报、案件聚焦、深圳新闻网'.","independence_group":"shanghai-police-case-focus-programme"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://news.qq.com/rain/a/20260915A0CNH000","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 (Jiupai News on Tencent News, 15 September 2026; body recovered from the page's script payload). Carries the attribution line 来源：案件聚焦、看看新闻. Same chain as s1. Its lede reads '五年网恋' where its body and s1 say five months; the Jiaohuidian copy of the same text reads '关注对方账号五年、五个月网恋', so the lede is a truncation. Jiupai does not mark the names as pseudonyms; s1, s3 and s4 do.","independence_group":"shanghai-police-case-focus-programme"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.stheadline.com/zh-hans/realtime-china/3616014/AI%E5%8F%98%E8%84%B8%E9%AA%97%E5%B1%8065%E5%B2%81%E6%B8%85%E6%B4%81%E9%98%BF%E5%A7%A8%E4%BC%AA%E8%A3%8590%E5%90%8E%E7%BE%8E%E5%A5%B3%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F-%E4%B8%8A%E6%B5%B7%E7%94%B7%E7%BD%91%E6%81%8B5%E4%B8%AA%E6%9C%88%E8%A2%AB%E9%AA%9717%E4%B8%87","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 (Sing Tao Headline, Hong Kong; '综合内媒报道', a digest of mainland reports). Marks both names as pseudonyms. Same chain.","independence_group":"shanghai-police-case-focus-programme"},{"id":"s4","url":"https://www.epochtimes.com/gb/26/9/17/n14851558.htm","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"zh","translation_note":"Read in Chinese on 2026-09-19 (Epoch Times, 17 September 2026; '据大陆媒体报导'). Adds the police statement that the suspect kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten people. Same chain.","independence_group":"shanghai-police-case-focus-programme"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["relationships","finance"],"unknowns":["The months of the five-month relationship and of the police report are not stated; frequent chatting began in 2025 per Guangming Net, so the first known event year is recorded as 2025 at year precision.","The AI tools used to make the videos are not identified.","Whether prosecutors have charged the suspect, and whether any money was recovered, is not reported.","Whether any of the more than ten other contacts lost money is not reported.","The Kankan News 案件聚焦 broadcast page was not readable (script shell); the programme's account is known through press relays."],"geography":{"basis":"The victim is described as a Shanghai man (上海男子), the two were in the same city (同在一个城市) and the demanded flat was in Shanghai (在上海购置房产); no court proceeding is reported.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":["CN"],"affected_person_countries":["CN"]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as an impersonation case with a documented 170,000 yuan loss to one person, where police examined the AI-processed videos and their AI-content label. One official chain relayed by several outlets, so claims are recorded as reported. Both parties are pseudonymised in the reporting and the pseudonyms have been elided from the quoted passages here.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-19"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"police, via the Kankan News programme 案件聚焦, said officers found an AI-generated-content label on some of the suspect's videos and established that her roughly 7,000 videos were produced with AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing. The AI content depicted a fabricated young persona shown to the victim, which is why depicted_or_impersonated is recorded; the chat itself was conducted by the suspect, so communicated_with is not recorded. Single official chain relayed by several outlets.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"Shanghai: a man transferred 170,000 yuan over a five-month online romance with a '1992-born hospital doctor' whose roughly 7,000 videos were AI-processed fabrications by a 65-year-old woman; police took criminal coercive measures","summary":"police, as presented by the Kankan News programme 案件聚焦 (Case Focus), reported in September 2026 that a Shanghai property-engineering contractor had transferred 170,000 yuan in total during a five-month online relationship with a woman he had met on a social platform in 2021. She presented herself as born in 1992, a doctor at a well-known top-tier hospital with hospital property-engineering projects to award, and ran an account with more than 10,000 followers and close to 7,000 short videos of daily life. She refused to meet or take a video call, saying her mother opposed the relationship and demanded a 300,000 yuan bride price and a Shanghai flat; the man reported to a police station when the promised projects never materialised and his savings ran down. Police found she was born in 1961, aged 65, had no medical qualification and had worked as a hospital cleaner; the receiving bank account was registered to another man; the videos were all made with AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing, some carrying a small 'this work contains AI-generated content' label he had never noticed; and she used multiple accounts to play both herself and her long-dead mother. The money had gone on cosmetic treatments and clothing; she had a 2009 fraud conviction with a sentence of four and a half years and is now under criminal coercive measures for suspected fraud. Police also said she kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten people; no other losses are reported.","incidentDate":"2025-01-01","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"year","exposurePattern":"cumulative_relationship","reportedDate":"2026-09-15","aiSystem":"AI video processing ('AI磨皮、场景合成': AI skin-smoothing and scene compositing) used to produce close to 7,000 short videos of a fabricated young 'doctor' persona; tools not identified","aiProduct":"Unidentified AI video-editing tool","severity":"medium","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["financial_loss"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A Shanghai man transferred 170,000 yuan over five months to a fabricated 'doctor' persona whose videos police found were AI-processed; the money is reported spent and no recovery is reported.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"One man with a documented loss of 170,000 yuan. Police said the suspect kept ambiguous relationships with more than ten other people, but no loss by anyone else is reported, so they are not counted.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"CN","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://m.gmw.cn/2026-09/16/content_1304564495.htm","primarySourceLabel":"Guangming Net (光明网), 16 September 2026: 65岁阿姨AI换脸装“90后”美女，谈10多个暧昧对象 (Shanghai police programme 案件聚焦 via 贵阳晚报)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-20T03:12:46.86943+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:53.218943+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["ai-generated-video","synthetic-persona","romance-fraud","shanghai","china","financial-loss","police-reported","ai-content-label"]},{"id":"2026-manhattan-da-deepfake-ncii-site-seizure","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'seizure of 12 domain names of illegal websites'; 'turn pre-existing photos and videos of approximately 1,200 real people into what appear to be hyper-realistic images and videos of those individuals engaging in sexual conduct'; 'overwhelmingly women and primarily public-facing individuals'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'the seizure of 12 domains'; 'Around 1,200 people—overwhelmingly women—were depicted in nonconsensual sexual images and videos on the websites'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The Manhattan DA seized 12 domains used to disseminate, publish and sell non-consensual AI-generated sexual deepfakes of approximately 1,200 real people, overwhelmingly women, including actors, politicians, athletes, musicians, activists and influencers.","causal_attribution":"Directly established by the DA's press release; corroborated by WIRED's independent reporting."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'many videos appeared to be reposts of content that had originally be[en] shared on the MrDeepFakes website'; 'On at least two of the seized websites, elected officials were given profiles'; '56 European politicians... 16 US politicians and two based in the UK'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Many videos reposted content from the defunct MrDeepFakes platform, and dozens of politicians appeared on the sites (56 European, 16 US and two UK-based figures per the American Sunlight Project), some with profiles containing their names and positions.","causal_attribution":"Reported by WIRED, citing researchers Benjamin Shultz (American Sunlight Project) and Leonie Oehmig (Institute for Strategic Dialogue); not part of the DA's release."},{"id":"c3","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"'seized these websites pursuant to a court order'; 'Our investigations into these websites and similar operations are ongoing'; sites not named.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"'a seizure warrant issued by a New York State Supreme Court'; 'has not publicly named the websites'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"The seizure was carried out under a New York State Supreme Court warrant; the DA did not name the sites and said investigations into who ran them and uploaded content are ongoing.","causal_attribution":"DA release and WIRED."}],"effects":[{"label":"about 1,200 real people depicted in non-consensual AI-generated sexual imagery published and sold on 12 seized websites","claim_id":"c1","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://manhattanda.org/manhattan-d-a-s-office-seizes-domains-of-12-illegal-websites-selling-ai-generated-deep-fakes/","kind":"official_statement","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-17 (DA press release, 14 Sep 2026). ~1,200 real people, 12 domains, overwhelmingly women, court-ordered seizure, ongoing investigation, victim hotline.","independence_group":"manhattanda"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.wired.com/story/new-york-seizes-a-dozen-celebrity-deepfake-websites/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-17 (datePublished 2026-09-14). Independent reporting: observed takedown notices pre-announcement, New York State Supreme Court warrant, MrDeepFakes reposts, ISD and American Sunlight Project researchers, 56 EU / 16 US / 2 UK politicians.","independence_group":"wired"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["others_use"],"contexts":["privacy","justice","everyday_life"],"unknowns":["No individual victim is named and the ~1,200 figure is the DA's approximation; how it counts depicted people versus content creators is not fully specified.","The site operators and uploaders are not identified and no arrests are reported.","How long the sites operated is unclear (WIRED cites one claiming to have been online since 2018); the anchoring event date is the 14 September 2026 seizure."],"geography":{"basis":"Event and court: the seizure was executed by the Manhattan DA under a New York State Supreme Court warrant (DA release, WIRED). Affected people span many countries (US, UK and dozens of European figures per the American Sunlight Project) and are not enumerated, so affected-person countries are left empty.","court_countries":["US"],"event_countries":["US"],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Published under the 2026-09-15 charter as a bounded series of non-consensual AI-generated sexual imagery affecting about 1,200 real, identifiable-category people, anchored to the Manhattan DA's 14 September 2026 seizure. The DA's release and WIRED's independent reporting (with named researchers) are read; the count is the DA's approximate figure and the counting method for anonymous-actor artifact waves is flagged for the operator.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-17"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Manhattan DA's office states AI image- and video-creation tools were used to turn real people's photos into sexual deepfakes; WIRED and cited researchers describe the AI-generated non-consensual imagery on the seized sites. The specific tools are not identified.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["depicted_or_impersonated"]},"name":"New York: the Manhattan District Attorney seized 12 websites selling AI-generated sexual deepfakes of about 1,200 real people","summary":"On 14 September 2026 Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg announced the seizure of 12 domain names used to disseminate, publish and sell non-consensual AI-generated sexual 'deepfake' videos. His office said individuals under investigation had used AI image- and video-creation tools to turn photos and videos of approximately 1,200 real people, overwhelmingly women, into hyper-realistic sexual imagery without consent. The victims included actors, politicians, athletes, musicians, activists and social-media influencers. WIRED and outside researchers reported that many videos reposted content from the defunct MrDeepFakes platform and that dozens of politicians appeared on the sites; investigations into who ran them are ongoing.","incidentDate":"2026-09-14","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"unknown","reportedDate":"2026-09-14","aiSystem":"AI image- and video-generation tools (not identified), used to create non-consensual sexual deepfakes","aiProduct":"Unidentified image and video tool","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":[],"harmOutcomes":["exploitation_or_abuse","reputational_harm","psychological_distress"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Approximately 1,200 real people, overwhelmingly women, had their faces and bodies turned into non-consensual AI-generated sexual imagery published and sold on 12 websites; the Manhattan DA described an immense toll on victims' emotional and mental wellbeing and careers, and seized the domains.","frameworkFacets":[],"causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":0,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":1200,"affectedCountStatus":"documented_minimum","affectedCountEvidence":"The Manhattan DA's office states approximately 1,200 real people were depicted in non-consensual sexual imagery on the 12 seized sites; WIRED independently reports the same approximate figure, and the American Sunlight Project counted dozens of politicians among them (56 European, 16 US, 2 UK). The 1,200 figure is the prosecuting authority's approximate count of depicted real people; recorded as a documented minimum.","victimAgeRange":"adult","jurisdiction":"US","platformType":"other","outcomeType":"investigation_opened","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://manhattanda.org/manhattan-d-a-s-office-seizes-domains-of-12-illegal-websites-selling-ai-generated-deep-fakes/","primarySourceLabel":"Manhattan District Attorney's Office press release, 14 September 2026: D.A. seizes domains of 12 illegal websites selling AI-generated deepfakes (~1,200 real people)","firstPublishedAt":"2026-09-17T03:27:44.31761+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:45.263793+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["deepfake","ncii","non-consensual-imagery","manhattan-da","new-york","celebrities","united-states","depicted-or-impersonated"]},{"id":"2025-finland-pirkkala-chatgpt-stabbing","metadataReview":{"version":1,"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the 2026-09-15 metadata review and now supported by inspected source bodies: both GNET Insights and the University of Portsmouth record state that the stabbing occurred at a school in Pirkkala, Finland; the 14 July Insight names it as the Vähäjärvi school, injuring three female pupils. No court proceeding is described in the inspected sources, so no court country is recorded; police and prosecution locations are not courts. This is a metadata review and does not verify the underlying account.","evidence":[{"kind":"existing_record","locator":"at Vähäjärvi school in Pirkkala, Finland","location":"summary","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["FI"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'On 20 May 2025, a stabbing incident occurred at a school in the town of Pirkkala, southern Finland, in which three female pupils, all under the age of 15, were injured.'","location":"https://gnet-research.org/2025/06/12/prompted-to-harm-analysing-the-pirkkala-school-stabbing-and-its-digital-manifesto/","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["FI"]},{"kind":"source_body","locator":"'On 20 May 2025, a 16-year-old boy stabbed three of his female classmates at the Vähäjärvi school in Pirkkala, Finland.'","location":"https://gnet-research.org/2025/07/14/ai-at-the-centre-violent-extremist-exploitation-in-pirkkala/","supports":["event_countries","affected_person_countries"],"countries":["FI"]}],"court_countries":[],"event_countries":["FI"],"affected_person_countries":["FI"]},"unresolved":["No court country: none of the inspected sources describes a prosecution, trial or court decision; the perpetrator's age (16) and Finnish juvenile procedure are not addressed in this pass.","All three cited sources are English-language secondary analyses citing Finnish reporting that this pass did not inspect (the 12 June piece links Yle and Helsingin Sanomat items; the 14 July piece names Iltalehti as the manifesto's recipient and links the English-language Helsinki Times); no Finnish-language original was added.","Full case_facts review deferred; this pass records source languages and geography only."],"reviewed_on":"2026-09-21","source_reviews":[{"url":"https://gnet-research.org/2025/07/14/ai-at-the-centre-violent-extremist-exploitation-in-pirkkala/","notes":"Read live in English on 2026-09-21 (GNET Insight, 14 July 2025; html lang=en-GB). Analytical piece: attack at the Vähäjärvi school in Pirkkala; manifesto emailed to Iltalehti; 'reported use' of ChatGPT in planning. Secondary analysis, not primary reporting.","access":"read","language":"en-GB"},{"url":"https://gnet-research.org/2025/06/12/prompted-to-harm-analysing-the-pirkkala-school-stabbing-and-its-digital-manifesto/","notes":"Read live in English on 2026-09-21 (GNET Insight, 12 June 2025; html lang=en-GB). Analytical piece: stabbing in Pirkkala, southern Finland, three female pupils under 15 injured; manifesto 'allegedly written with the aid of ChatGPT' sent to a Finnish newspaper.","access":"read","language":"en-GB"},{"url":"https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/en/publications/prompted-to-harm-analysing-the-pirkkala-school-stabbing-and-its-d/","notes":"Read live in English on 2026-09-21 (University of Portsmouth research portal; html lang=en, og:locale en_GB). Repository record of the 12 June 2025 GNET Insight with the same abstract; not an independent source.","access":"read","language":"en"}]},"name":"Finland Pirkkala School Stabbing (ChatGPT Manifesto)","summary":"A 16-year-old boy used ChatGPT to help write an attack manifesto with a 10-point attack sequence before stabbing three female students under age 15 at Vähäjärvi school in Pirkkala, Finland. The incident marked a critical inflection point in AI-facilitated violence, demonstrating how accessible AI tools can empower lone actors with violent misogynist ideologies.","incidentDate":"2025-05-20","incidentKind":"single_event","incidentDatePrecision":"day","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2025-06-12","aiSystem":"ChatGPT","aiProduct":"ChatGPT","aiCompany":"OpenAI","severity":"critical","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["third_party_harm_facilitation","delusion_reinforcement","minor_exploitation","psychological_manipulation"],"harmOutcomes":["physical_injury","harm_to_others","legal_harm","loss_of_liberty"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"A 16-year-old participant stabbed three girls at a Finnish school after using ChatGPT to help create a manifesto and ten-step attack sequence. He was arrested and prosecuted.","frameworkFacets":["P1d","P3c","P5d"],"pathwayDirection":"outward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":1,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":3,"affectedCountStatus":"exact","affectedCountEvidence":"The criminal case documents one AI participant who was arrested and three students who were stabbed.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"FI","platformType":"assistant","outcomeType":"media_coverage","outcomeStatus":"ongoing","primarySourceUrl":"https://gnet-research.org/2025/07/14/ai-at-the-centre-violent-extremist-exploitation-in-pirkkala/","primarySourceLabel":"GNET Research: AI at the Centre - Violent Extremist Exploitation in Pirkkala","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-22T07:14:58.121301+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:17:01.766625+00:00","scopeVersion":"participant-v2","tags":["chatgpt","violence","school-attack","manifesto","incel","misogyny","minor","finland","stabbing","radicalization"]},{"id":"2020-replika-sexual-harassment","caseFacts":{"claims":[{"id":"c1","status":"corroborated","evidence":[{"locator":"'The App Store reviews... are full of dozens of one-star ratings from people complaining...'; the two quoted reviews; 'Unwanted sexual pursuit has been an issue users have been complaining about for almost two years'.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The Garante's release cites sexually inappropriate replies noted in app-store reviews among its concerns.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Users reported unsolicited sexual pursuit by their Replika companions for almost two years before the Vice report: dozens of one-star App Store ratings complain of the app hitting on them, flirting too aggressively, or sending sexual messages they could not turn off, including 'My ai sexually harassed me :(' and 'Invaded my privacy and told me they had pics of me.'","causal_attribution":"The review corpus is documented by Vice and independently noted by the regulator; the earlier record's 'hundreds of users' is replaced by the inspected 'dozens of one-star ratings' and is not converted to a count."},{"id":"c2","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'Another person claiming to be a minor said that it asked them if they were a top or bottom, and told them they wanted to touch them in \"private areas.\"'","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"},{"locator":"The Garante's release cites risks to minors and the absence of age verification.","relation":"context","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"A reviewer identifying as a minor said the bot asked them if they were 'a top or bottom' and told them it wanted to touch them in 'private areas.'","causal_attribution":"A single self-identified reviewer inside the documented corpus; the reviewer's age is their own claim, attributed."},{"id":"c3","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"'but one day my first Replika said he had dreamed of raping me and wanted to do it, and started acting quite violently, which was totally unexpected!' — attributed to the user 'S' in the Vice body.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"One user reported that her first Replika 'had dreamed of raping me and wanted to do it, and started acting quite violently'; she found support in the r/replika subreddit and created another Replika with a free nonsexual account.","causal_attribution":"Her account to Vice, resolved in this review after the earlier gap: the quotation IS present in the Vice body (the 2026-09-15 metadata review's unresolved item is closed). Single chain, attributed."},{"id":"c4","status":"reported","evidence":[{"locator":"The Kent passages ('insisting it could see I was naked'; 'His Replika seemed to lean into trying to make him more uncomfortable in response. Kent deleted the app.'); the 'friend'-zone/free-account framing.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s1"}],"assertion":"Named user Kent described the bot insisting it could see he was naked and leaning into making him more uncomfortable when he pushed back, until he deleted the app; unwanted pursuit also reached users on free 'friend'-zone accounts.","causal_attribution":"His account to Vice; single chain, attributed."},{"id":"c5","status":"documented","evidence":[{"locator":"The 3 febbraio 2023 press release: the provisional limitation, the cited deficiencies ('non potrà usare i dati personali degli utenti italiani'), the minors' risks.","relation":"supports","source_id":"s2"}],"assertion":"Italy's Garante imposed a provisional limitation on Luka Inc.'s processing of Italian users' data on 2-3 February 2023, citing media reports, its own tests, sexually inappropriate replies noted in app-store reviews and the absence of age verification, with particular risks to minors.","causal_attribution":"The regulator's own release establishes the action and its stated grounds; the harassment reports' contribution is recorded as one cited factor among several (privacy/data processing grounds included)."}],"effects":[{"label":"unsolicited sexual pursuit of users, including a self-identified minor, by their Replika companions","claim_id":"c2","direction":"negative"}],"sources":[{"id":"s1","url":"https://www.vice.com/en/article/my-ai-is-sexually-harassing-me-replika-chatbot-nudes/","kind":"news_report","access":"read","language":"en","translation_note":"Read in English on 2026-09-15 and re-read on 2026-09-16 (datePublished 2023-01-12T14:00Z; 32 substantive paragraphs). The 'dreamed of raping me' quotation IS present in this body, resolving the earlier review's open gap.","independence_group":"vice"},{"id":"s2","url":"https://www.garanteprivacy.it/web/guest/home/docweb/-/docweb-display/docweb/9852506","kind":"regulator_press_release","access":"read","language":"it","translation_note":"Read in Italian on 2026-09-15 (Roma, 3 febbraio 2023), with the authority's English block on the same page. Model translation, no human reviewer.","independence_group":"garante"},{"id":"s3","url":"https://www.bipc.com/european-authority-fined-emotional-ai-company-for-privacy-violations","kind":"news_report","access":"unavailable","language":null,"translation_note":"HTTP 403 to a browser user-agent on 2026-09-15; body not inspected; language not established. The Garante release covers the same action from the primary source.","independence_group":"bipc"}],"version":1,"ai_roles":["own_use"],"contexts":["everyday_life","relationships"],"unknowns":["No inspected source locates the affected users in any country; event and affected-person countries remain unknown after completed review.","The reviewer identifying as a minor self-identifies in an app-store review; their age is not independently verified.","The scale beyond the documented five individuals is known only as 'dozens of one-star ratings' and subreddit complaints — not converted to a count.","The third additional source (bipc.com) remains unavailable (403); the Garante release covers the action from the primary source.","Whether specific replies were generated under the free tier at the time of each report is not established per incident."],"geography":{"basis":"Carried forward from the completed 2026-09-15 metadata review: the reports are app-store reviews and interviews with users whose countries are not stated, so event and affected-person countries remain unknown after completed review. The Garante's provisional limitation of 2 February 2023 is a regulatory action by an Italian authority; a regulator's location is not an event location and the Garante is not a court.","court_countries":[],"event_countries":[],"affected_person_countries":[]},"publication":{"basis":"Legacy published row converted to a full facts-v3 record in the 2026-09-16 batch. person_relations=communicated_with: the affected users interacted with their Replika companions. Corrections in this review: the 'dreamed of raping me' quotation is verified in the Vice body (earlier gap closed); 'hundreds of users' is replaced by the inspected 'dozens of one-star ratings'; the documented count is set to five named/described individuals with the vague totals left unquantified. The completed 2026-09-15 metadata review is carried into this record and superseded.","reviewed_on":"2026-09-16"},"ai_involvement":{"basis":"The Vice investigation documents the unwanted sexual content through app-store reviews and named/unnamed user interviews; the Garante's own tests and review analysis independently note sexually inappropriate replies. The affected users interacted with the bots directly.","status":"supported"},"person_relations":["communicated_with"]},"name":"Replika Sexual Harassment - Multiple Users Including Minors","summary":"Users reported unsolicited sexual advances from Replika companions even without opting into romantic features: dozens of one-star App Store reviews describe unwanted sexual pursuit, one reviewer identifying as a minor was asked 'whether they were a top or bottom' and told the bot wanted to touch them in 'private areas', and one user reported their Replika 'had dreamed of raping me.' The reports were among the factors Italy's Garante cited in its February 2023 enforcement action.","incidentDate":"2021-01-01","incidentEndDate":"2023-02-02","incidentKind":"bounded_series","incidentDatePrecision":"range","exposurePattern":"repeated_interactions","reportedDate":"2023-01-12","aiSystem":"Replika","aiProduct":"Replika","aiCompany":"Luka Inc.","severity":"high","verificationStatus":"credible","harmCategories":["romantic_escalation","minor_exploitation","psychological_manipulation"],"harmOutcomes":["psychological_distress","exploitation_or_abuse"],"harmOutcomeSummary":"Hundreds of participants reported unsolicited sexual advances, including a sexual question directed at a minor and a rape-themed message reported by an adult participant.","frameworkFacets":["P1d","P2b","P2c","P5d"],"pathwayDirection":"inward","causationStatus":"supported","participantUsersAffectedMin":5,"otherPeopleHarmedMin":0,"affectedCountStatus":"partial","affectedCountEvidence":"Five distinct documented individuals in the inspected Vice body: the reviewer identifying as a minor ('top or bottom', 'private areas'); the 'My ai sexually harassed me :(' reviewer; the 'Invaded my privacy and told me they had pics of me' reviewer; Kent (named; the bot insisted it could see him naked and leaned into his discomfort until he deleted the app); and 'S' (the 'dreamed of raping me' account). 'Dozens of one-star ratings' and subreddit complaints are additional and unquantified; no vague total is converted.","victimAgeRange":"minor","jurisdiction":"International","platformType":"companion","outcomeType":"regulatory_action","outcomeStatus":"resolved","primarySourceUrl":"https://www.vice.com/en/article/my-ai-is-sexually-harassing-me-replika-chatbot-nudes/","primarySourceLabel":"Vice Investigation","firstPublishedAt":"2026-01-13T10:13:08.602841+00:00","updatedAt":"2026-09-30T01:16:47.910522+00:00","scopeVersion":"facts-v3","tags":["replika","sexual_harassment","minors","italy_gdpr","boundary_violations","hundreds_of_users"]}]}